油菜抗草丁膦性状的遗传与利用

以抗草丁膦油菜HCN-19的自交分离选系和MICMS保持系宁B6,宁B7,恢复系宁R1,宁R3以及油菜品系1003,1072为亲本材料,配制根本交组合,研究油菜的抗草丁膦性状遗传。结果表明,油菜的草丁膦抗性为显性性状,受一对基因控制,抗草丁膦的bar基因在F2和BC1群体遵循盂德尔分离规律。因此,应用杂交,回交等常规育种方法就可将bar基因导入目标品种。     

Cross-resistance pattern to four AHAS-inhibiting herbicides of tribenuron-methyl-resistant flixweed(Descurainia sophia) conferred by Asp-376-Glu mutation in AHAS

Flixweed(Descurainia sophia L.) is a problematic and widespread weed in winter wheat fields and has been controlled by tribenuron-methyl for more than twenty years in China. In this study, a flixweed accession(Hebei 25, HB25) with an Asp-376-Glu mutation in acetohydroxy acid synthase(AHAS) was identified and purified. The purified HB25 accession(p HB25) developed 758.1-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl and exhibited obvious cross-resistance to four AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The resistant/susceptible(R/S) ratios of 50% plant growth reduction(GR_(50)) to herbicides of halosulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, imazethapyr and pyribenzoxim were 346.1, 15.7, 8.1 and 7.1, respectively. The reduced AHAS sensitivities to four different AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, which were caused by the Asp-376-Glu mutation, were responsible for the resistance and cross-resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The R/S ratios of 50% inhibition of AHAS activity(I50) to tribenuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, imazethapyr and pyribenzoxim were 844.5, 532.9, 74.5, 13.3 and 5.5, respectively. The results of AHAS activity in vitro were highly correlated with that of whole-plant response experiments.     

药用野生稻抗源对褐稻虱的抗性遗传及利用研究

利用广谱高抗褐稻虱的药用野生稻（CC染色体组）与感虫栽培稻（AA染色体组）品种进行远缘杂交，通过幼胚培养获得绿苗，经过4代回交和4代自交，成功地将抗性基因转移到栽培稻中，获得了高世代B4F4株系。对其亲本和后代的鉴定结果表明，药用野生稻抗性受1对显性主效基因控制；其抗性基因与药用野生稻主要农艺性状没有连锁遗传关系。     

苹果育种杂种初选轮纹病抗性评价及遗传分析

通过对5个苹果品种间杂交组合的杂种实生树枝干和果实轮纹病田间自然发病的调查,采用次数分布图和群体平均数法分析了苹果轮纹病抗病性遗传规律.结果表明,苹果不同杂交组合F(1)代对轮纹病的抗性存在明显的差异,实生树枝于发病级别和果实发病率经方差分析年份间差异显著;枝干抗病性与果实抗病性不存在显著相关性.根据研究结果,对苹果育种杂种初选过程中苹果轮纹病抗病性评价开展了讨论.     

棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性遗传方式

利用室内选育的棉铃虫对辛硫磷抗性品系(Phoxim-R)和室内长期饲养的敏感品系(BK77)进行遗传杂交,研究了棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性遗传规律.结果表明:Phoxim-R品系与BK77品系相比对辛硫磷具有129倍抗性,正反交后代对辛硫磷的抗性分别为22.6和25.3倍,表明棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性为常染色体遗传, 主效基因为不完全显性.通过分析杂交F1代和敏感亲本回交后代的辛硫磷LD-P线,表明棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性为单基因性状.     

棉花抗黄萎病性与经济性状的遗传关系分析

通过研究抗、感黄萎病不同世代杂种群体遗传,分析了棉花抗黄萎病性与经济性状的遗传关系。结果表明,提高棉花品种的抗黄萎病性与皮棉产量、纤维品质的同步改良不存在直接矛盾,抗黄萎病育种关键在于克服抗黄萎病性与单株成铃数之间的遗传负相关。筛选抗黄萎病性应从较低世代开始在病圃中严格进行,同时兼顾优良纤维品质的选择,在较高世代注重产量及单株成铃数等性状的选择,以最终达到抗病、丰产、优质的协调统一。     

强筋小麦品种川麦36的抗条锈病性状遗传研究

优质强筋小麦品种川麦36自育成以来对条锈病成株期抗性为高抗-免疫,是一份重要优质抗病资源。为研究川麦36抗条锈基因组成及遗传特点,本研究用条锈病条中30(CY30)、条中31(CY31)和条中32(CY32)混合菌种对抗感病双亲、F1、F2、BC1和BC2进行人工接种并做抗性遗传分析。根据F1及BC1、BC2的抗感反应确定抗性基因的显隐性,根据F2的抗感分离比例,经卡方测验确定抗性基因对数。结果表明,川麦36对条锈病条中30(CY30)、条中31(CY31)和条中32(CY32)混合菌种的成株期抗性是由1对显性基因控制。     

玉米植株抗倒伏性状的遗传分析

以2个茎秆强度不同的自交系82 -3和W1为基础材料,通过杂交与自交,对双亲、F1及F2等不同群体株高、穗位高、茎秆强度等植株性状进行田间调查和遗传分析.结果表明,双亲及其杂交后代各性状差异明显,与W1相比,亲本82 -3表现株矮、穗位低,但根系差,茎秆强度也低;杂种F1除穗位节的节间强度表现负向杂种优势外,其它性状均...     

源于叙利亚小麦抗条锈性的遗传分析

分别用小麦条锈菌优势小种条中31号和条中32号接种,对源于叙利亚的ICA31I、CA70分别与川麦28杂交的F1、F2和BC1群体进行抗病基因分析,研究了它们在成株期抗性表现及杂交后代的抗感分离情况。结果表明,ICA31对条中31号和条中32号均表现出由1对显性纯合基因控制;ICA70对条中31表现出由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因的互补作用控制,而对条中32表现为由一对隐性基因控制。     

体细胞突变体HX—3对水稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传

采用离体筛选技术，从感白叶枯病的恢复系明恢63的体细胞突变后代中获得抗病突变体HX-3。对HX-3的白叶枯病抗性遗传进行了研究。结果表明，HX-3对水稻白叶枯病的抗性能够稳定遗传，且为全生育期抗性，其抗性由一对显性单基因控制；HX-3与具有不同抗病基因的抗白叶枯病近等基因系CBB2（Xa-2)、CBB3(Xa-3)、CBB4（Xa-4)、CBB7(Xa-7)、CBB12（Xa-12)和IRBB21（Xa-21）间的等位性分析表明，HX-3的抗病基因与Xa-2、Xa-3、Xa-4、Xa-7、Xa-12、Xa-21不等位。     

选育高油高产油菜品种,大力发展油菜生物柴油

生物柴油具有空气污染物排放少、润滑性好、生物降解完全等优点,但生物柴油的成本高是制约其发展的瓶颈。根据柴油和菜籽油的脂肪酸组成特点,结合我国国情对油菜在生产上的地位和发展前景进行分析,认为油菜的种植面积和总产量居世界第一,且油菜资源丰富、适应范围广、原料充足,是我国发展生物柴油的理想原料。按照当前技术,利用植物油脂原料生产生物柴油,原料成本占生产总成本的70%～90%,油脂原料是决定生物柴油价格的最主要因素。所以,关键是培育出高产或者高产油量的油菜品种,以降低生产成本。     

Inheritance and molecular markers for the seed coat color in Brassica juncea

To elucidate the inheritance of seed coat color in Brassica juncea, Sichuan Yellow inbred (PY) was crossed with the Ziyejie inbred, and their F₁, F₂ and BC₁ and BC₂ progenies, derived from backcrossing to PY, were phenotyped for seed coat color. Results showed that the yellow seed coat was controlled by two independent recessive loci. Seven brown-seeded near-isogenic lines were developed by successive backcrosses to PY and by selfing. One of the BC₆F₂ populations segregated for a single locus controlling seed coat color was used for mapping. Using the 88 primer pairs from sequence-related amplified polymorphism and the 500 random primers, two markers were found to be linked to the gene for brown seed coat, which were designated as SCM57 and SCM1078. The crossover between these markers and the brown seed coat loci was 2.35% and 7.06%, respectively. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker according to Negi et al. (2000), designated as SZ1-331, was found to be linked to the gene for brown seed coat, with a crossover estimate of 2.35%. The markers were located on the same side of the brown seed coat loci and 2.41, 7.51 and 2.41 cM away from the brown seed coat locus. The seven brown-seeded near-isogenic lines were classified into two groups by three DNA markers. They were located at the same linkage group of the marker RA2-A11 previously published by Padmaja et al. (2005).     

植物抗线虫分子机制研究进展

从线虫侵染及致病相关目标基因、线虫与植物的互作、植物抗性反应等方面综述了国内外有关分子水平上植物抗线虫机制的研究进展。指出未来10年内分子植物线虫学将在粮食安全和环境保护方面发挥巨大作用;源于生物技术的抗线虫作物品种商业化将使种植业者获得巨大利益,同时也将为环境带来很大益处。     

甘蓝型抗草甘膦双低杂交油菜选育初报

利用国外引进的抗草甘膦油菜品系，应用常规的回交、测交等育种方法，将草甘膦抗性导入MMICMS，初步育成一批具有草甘膦抗性的细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系。抗性组合产量鉴定结果表明，其优势明显，超亲优势率达到17．84％～42．80％，部分组合达到超标优势，具有实用价值。     

Identification and molecular tagging of two Arabidopsis resistance genes to Botrytis cinerea

To map Arabidopsis resistance genes to Botrytis cinerea, Arabidopsis Col-0 ecotype resistant to B. cinerea BC18 isolate and Arabidopsis Ler ecotype susceptible to B. cinerea BC18 isolate were crossed. According to the resistant responses of the F₁, BC₁ and F₂ populations to B. cinerea, we identified two genes, named BC1 and BC2, responsible for the resistance of Arabidopsis Ler ecotype to B. cinerea. Through the method of map-based cloning, BC1 was linked to DNA markers CCR1 and DHS1 on the fourth chromosome of Arabidopsis with genetic distances of 1.2 cM and 1.6 cM for CCR1 and DHS1, respectively, and BC2 was linked to DNA markers CA72/NGA151 and NGA106 on the fifth chromosome with genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.4 cM for CA72/NGA151 and NGA106, respectively. Our results are beneficial for chromosome walking so that we can obtain the whole gene sequences, which will facilitate the understanding of their roles and manners of resistance to B. cinerea.     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育新材料RM3231A的遗传研究

以不育系RM3231A与Polima CMS和陕2A CMS的保持系、恢复系和核不育两型系以及116份国内外不同来源的甘蓝型油菜品种（系）的杂交遗传试验结果表明,RM5637A不育系是不同于Polima CMS和陕2A CMS及核不育两型系遗传背景的另一类细胞质雄性不育系。不育性除受胞质不育基因控制外,还受3对独立遗传并具有相同作用的重叠隐性基因控制,恢复源十分广泛,现有甘蓝型油菜中约有73．3％的品种（系)均为其恢复系,有1－3对显性纯合恢复基因共6类19种不同基因型,其中3对显性纯合基因型的约占6．4％,2对显性纯合基因型的约占14．3％,1对显性纯合基因型的约占65．1％。     

Response of spring barley subspecies to herbicides

The response of spring barley subspecies to the application of herbicides against dicot weeds and their tank mixtures with Puma Super 7.5 depending on the level of nitrogen nutrition has been studied. The phytotoxic effect of the graminicide on barley is confirmed and it is shown that the addition of certain preparations to tank mixtures reduces this effect.     

狼尾草对3种常用除草剂的耐受性

采用盆栽方法,测定了狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)对2,4-D丁脂、草甘磷和精奎禾灵的耐受性.结果表明,3种除草剂对狼尾草的生长速度和分蘖均有不同程度的影响,其中以2,4-D丁脂的影响最小,草甘磷的影响最大,并且随着除草剂用量的增加,其对狼尾草生长速度的抑制越明显;3种除草剂对狼尾草的药害程度不同,其中以草甘磷的药害最严重,精奎禾灵次之,2,4-D丁脂最小;草甘磷最早对狼尾草分蘖产生抑制,精奎禾灵在低剂量下处理后12 d狼尾草才停止产生分蘖,除草剂剂量越大对分蘖的抑制越早.     

烟粉虱对几种药剂的敏感度检测及其抗药性相关基因的表达特征分析

为筛选有效防治烟粉虱的药剂,采用琼脂保湿浸叶法,比较了烟粉虱成虫对生产上广泛喷施的5种药剂5%锐劲特、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯、4%阿维菌素、70%艾美乐、25%噻嗪酮的敏感性。对比得出烟粉虱对4%阿维菌素的敏感性较好,药剂处理72 h后成虫校正死亡率高达98.01%。70%艾美乐次之,烟粉虱成虫校正死亡率达80.91%。2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯较差,处理72 h后成虫死亡率40.73%。25%噻嗪酮最差,处理烟粉虱成虫72 h后死亡率低于5.00%。CYP6CM1、Coe1基因分别是烟粉虱对吡虫啉类药剂、有机磷类药剂产生抗药性的重要响应基因,应用Semi-quantitive PCR检测药剂处理72 h烟粉虱成虫CYP6CM1和Coe1基因转录水平表达量变化。发现70%艾美乐处理后,CYP6CM1基因表达量显著升高,Coe1基因表达量与药剂处理前无明显差异。4%阿维菌素处理后,CYP6CM1基因表达量显著下降,Coe1基因表达量与药剂处理前无明显差异。2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯处理后CYP6CM1基因表达量变化不大,Coe1基因表达量稍有增加。25%噻嗪酮处理后CYP6CM1基因表达量稍有增加,Coe1基因表达量略有下降。不同药剂对烟粉虱的防治效果与烟粉虱解毒酶基因(CYP6CM1、Coe1)的表达响应有一定的关系。     

烟田几种重要杂草对除草剂的敏感性

采用生物测定法比较了烟田 5种重要杂草对不同除草剂的敏感性 .结果表明 ,稗草、酸模叶蓼、马唐、雀舌草和莎草对 F62 85的敏感性最高 ,其 EC50 分别为 1.2 6、2 .2 8、1.82、4 .4 7和 1.99μg· g-1.它们对敌草胺、禾耐斯和施田补不敏感 .