不同时段低温冷害对玉米灌浆和产量的影响模拟

【目的】探讨不同时段低温冷害对玉米灌浆和产量的影响,为我国农业防灾减灾提供科学依据。【方法】基于WOFOST作物生长模型,采用数值模拟的研究方法,模拟分析了在苗期、抽雄期和灌浆期等2个发育期和3个发育期都发生不同程度低温对玉米灌浆和产量的影响。【结果】当2个发育期都发生低于下限温度2 ℃低温时,玉米灌浆时间推后1～6 d,减产6.29%～23.56%;当发生低于下限温度4 ℃低温时,灌浆时间推后1～7 d,减产6.82%～28.12%。当3个发育期都发生低于下限温度2 ℃低温时,玉米灌浆时间推后2～7 d,减产10.95%～31.7%;当发生低于下限温度4 ℃低温时,灌浆时间推后2～7 d,减产11.46%～41.47%。【结论】低温强度越大、持续时间越长,玉米减产越严重。低温发生的时段与程度不同,导致玉米减产的程度也不尽相同。     

近35年吴桥县夏玉米水分亏缺变化趋势分析

为探讨自然降雨和有限灌溉条件下提高夏玉米的产量和水分利用效率。本研究利用1981—2015年吴桥气象数据和SIMETAW模型,分析黑龙港流域夏玉米全生育期及播种-出苗、出苗-拔节期、拔节-吐丝期和吐丝-成熟期4个生育阶段的有效降水量、需水量、降水耦合度和水分亏缺指数(CWDI)的变化趋势,同时分析水分亏缺对夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明:1)近35年来夏玉米全生育期水分亏缺指数呈不显著下降趋势;降水耦合度呈不显著上升趋势;需水量呈显著上升趋势。生育期延长是夏玉米需水量上升的主导因素,30年来生育期延长20多天;2)夏玉米全生育期干旱程度主要为无旱和轻旱,概率分别为51.43%和45.71%,播种-苗期和吐丝-成熟期水分亏缺指数最高;3)一般年份,夏玉米需水量与降水耦合度高,降水基本能满足夏玉米生产;水分亏缺严重的年份,应在吐丝-成熟期补灌1次。     

少免耕对夏玉米灌浆过程和产量的影响

采用5种土壤耕作方式在山东龙口进行田间试验。结果表明:不同耕作处理中夏玉米的灌浆速率符合“S”型曲线,可与Logistic方程Y=k/(1+ae-bt)很好的拟合。相对于常规耕作,耙耕秸秆还田方式能提高叶面积指数和灌浆速率,增产14.5%,与旋耕秸秆还田方式无明显差异,而免耕秸秆覆盖方式减产11%。     

北疆膜下滴灌玉米年际需水量及耗水规律

【目的】探索新疆天山北部准噶尔盆地南缘区膜下滴灌玉米年际需水量、气象因素、水分生产率、作物系数以及生长、生理动态等变化特征,为调整区域作物种植结构,高效节水提供理论依据。【方法】在新疆灌溉中心试验站,通过2013—2015年3年的旱棚灌溉试验,分析4种不同灌水定额300、375、450、525 m3·hm~(-2)(分别用T1、T2、T3、T4表示)玉米年际内和年际间耗水规律、作物系数及生长、生理指标变化,采用相关分析方法,探明各气象因素与玉米需水量的相关关系,确定影响玉米需水量变化的主要气象因素。【结果】年际内各处理玉米总耗水量、生育阶段耗水量随灌水量增加而增大,2013年各处理(T4—T1)总耗水量为202.69、243.22、317.70、366.99mm;2014年各处理总耗水量为293.81、372.18、466.69、537.13 mm;2015年各处理总耗水量为326.84、401.31、490.76、569.33 mm。年际间,2015年度各处理总耗水量比2014年多5.66%、4.90%、7.26%、10.11%,比2013年多35.54%、35.26%、39.39%、37.98%;2014年度各处理总耗水量比2013年多31.68%、31.92%、34.65%、31.01%。2015年平均温度比前两年高2.6%—3.3%,有效降雨高30.4%—31.2%,相对湿度高11.5%—12.5%。平均温度对玉米播种至灌浆生长期需水量影响突出,线性回归方程的决定系数均达到0.98。玉米产量随灌水量的增加呈先增后减趋势,经优化分析玉米生育期灌水量为3 570—6 370 m~3·hm~(-2),产量可达13 061—14 929 kg·hm~(-2)。水分生产率随灌水量增加而降低,变幅5.92—1.75 kg·m-3之间。作物系数随灌水定额增加而增大,变幅在0.51—1.18之间,3年内作物系数在灌浆—成熟阶段最大,其值为1.01,播种—出苗作物系数最小,其值为0.33。【结论】年际内玉米各处理总耗水量差异显著,各生育阶段耗水量在拔节—抽雄、抽雄—灌浆、灌浆—成熟阶段差异显著。年际间各处理总耗水量变化差异显著,各处理生育阶段耗水量在抽雄—灌浆、灌浆—成熟阶段差异显著。气象因素中平均温度、有效降雨、相对湿度呈逐年增长趋势,太阳辐射、风速、平均温度与需水量成正相关,相对湿度与需水量成负相关。在出苗—拔节阶段,主要气象影响因素是太阳辐射和风速;在拔节—抽雄阶段,主要气象影响因素是相对湿度和平均温度;在抽雄—灌浆阶段,主要气象影响因素是平均温度。平均温度对玉米生育阶段需水量影响最大。玉米产量与全生育期灌水量成二次抛物线关系。玉米作物系数全生育期呈现单峰值变化,峰值出现在抽雄—灌浆期。生育期内玉米株高随灌水量增大而增加,全生育期呈单峰变化,峰值在抽雄期。叶面积指数峰值出现在灌浆期,叶绿素峰值出现在抽雄期。     

Estimation of irrigation requirements for drip-irrigated maize in a sub-humid climate

Drip-irrigation is increasingly applied in maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub-humid region. It is critical to quantify irrigation requirements during different growth stages under diverse climatic conditions. In this study, the Hybrid-Maize model was calibrated and applied in a sub-humid Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China to estimate irrigation requirements for drip-irrigated maize during different crop physiological development stages and under diverse agro-climatic conditions. Using dimensionless scales, the whole growing season of maize was divided into diverse development stages from planting to maturity. Drip-irrigation dates and irrigation amounts in each irrigation event were simulated and summarized in 30-year simulation from 1981 to 2010. The maize harvest area of Heilongjiang Province was divided into 10 agro-climatic zones based on growing degree days, arid index, and temperature seasonality. The simulated results indicated that seasonal irrigation requirements and water stress during different growth stages were highly related to initial soil water content and distribution of seasonal precipitation. In the experimental site, the average irrigation amounts and times ranged from 48 to 150 mm with initial soil water content decreasing from 100 to 20% of the maximum soil available water. Additionally, the earliest drip-irrigation event might occur during 3- to 8-leaf stage. The water stress could occur at any growth stages of maize, even in wet years with abundant total seasonal rainfall but poor distribution. And over 50% of grain yield loss could be caused by extended water stress during the kernel setting window and grain filling period. It is estimated that more than 94% of the maize harvested area in Heilongjiang Province needs to be irrigated although the yield increase varied (0 to 109%) in diverse agro-climatic zones. Consequently, at least 14% of more maize production could be achieved through drip-irrigation systems in Heilongjiang Province compared to rainfed conditions.     

灌浆期低温对夏玉米光合性能及产量的影响

以郑单958为供试品种,设置了6月15日(对照)、6月25日和7月5日3个播期,研究灌浆期低温对夏玉米光合性能、干物质生产转运及产量的影响,以期为华北平原夏玉米充分利用热量资源、指导生产实践和实现高产稳产提供理论依据。结果表明:6月25日和7月5日播期的夏玉米在灌浆期均遭遇不同程度的低温胁迫,且随着播期的推迟受胁迫程度随之加剧,这2个播期的玉米光合性能、干物质积累量与转运量、群体生长率均较对照呈逐渐降低趋势。3个播期的单位面积总粒数之间差异不显著,但千粒重在不同播期间差异显著,最终6月25日和7月5日播种的玉米产量较对照分别显著下降了17%和31%。因此,应该选择适宜的夏玉米播种时间,降低玉米在灌浆后期遭遇低温逆境的几率,进而保障玉米生育后期的正常灌浆,最终实现玉米抗逆高产的目标。     

Study on Maize-water Model for Supplemental Irrigation in Loess Plateau

The Loess Plateau has a typical semi-arid climate, and the area suffers from very harsh ecological environment, severe soil erosion and water runoff, and uneven distributed precipitation. Due to the re...     

玉米籽粒灌浆特性品种间比较研究(英文)

为明确黄淮海北部不同玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性的差异,为玉米籽粒熟期选择提供理论依据,以衡早8号玉米杂交种为材料,华美1号和郑单958为对照品种,研究灌浆过程中不同品种籽粒体积、水分含量、籽粒干质量以及灌浆特性的变化,并对产量构成因素进行了分析。结果显示,授粉后20 d是3个玉米品种籽粒体积快速增速期,在授粉后45 d左右3个玉米品种籽粒体积达到最大,衡早8号籽粒体积最大,郑单958最小。授粉15 d内3个玉米品种籽粒干质量增长较为缓慢,授粉15~55d是籽粒干质量增长快速期,衡早8号籽粒干质量增长速度最快,郑单958最慢,授粉55 d后籽粒干质量增长速度开始放缓。3个玉米品种灌浆速率均呈单峰曲线,灌浆峰值衡早8号最高,郑单958最低。相关分析结果表明籽粒体积与含水量呈正相关,与含水率呈负相关,灌浆速率与含水量呈正相关。通过回归分析得出籽粒含水率在57%左右时3个玉米品种达到各自灌浆最高峰值。运用Logistic模拟方程拟合不同玉米品种的籽粒质量增加过程,衡早8号最大灌浆速率(Gmax)、平均灌浆速率(Gmean)均高于其他2个品种;衡早8号活跃灌浆期、籽粒质量渐增期、快增期和缓增期均低于其他2个品种。3个玉米品种产量差异显著,千粒质量是产量差异的主要原因。衡早8号平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率均高于其他2个品种,活跃灌浆期则短于其他2个品种,有利于早熟高产。     

玉米籽粒含水量相关因素及育种策略

玉米收获时的高产量和优良品质是玉米品种选育一直追求的目标。黑龙江省地处北方玉米区,无霜期短、有效活动积温低等自然条件因素对籽粒的干物质积累和水分含量高低形成了无形的制约。籽粒灌浆和脱水过程的快慢将决定其收获时籽粒的最终含水量及单产产量。籽粒灌浆和脱水与植株的田间特征有一定的相关性,将其与遗传育种结合,对选育灌浆速率高、脱水速率快的玉米自交系及其衍生的玉米新品种有着重要的指导意义,也可为玉米高产栽培提供重要理论依据。     

Long-term application of K fertilizer and straw returning improve crop yield, absorptive capacity of K, and soil nutrient natural supplying capacity in North China

With the aim of increasing the grain crop yield and the level of soil nutrition in the fluvo-aquic soil in North China, the effects of long-term application of K fertilizers and straw returning on crop yield and soil nutrient supplying capacity were investigated in the long-term K localization experiment (1992–2009). The results revealed that wheat and maize responded to K fertilizer in an identical manner and the average yield of wheat and maize for 17 years were NPKSr > NPK > NPSr > NP. Application of K fertilizer on the basis of NP fertilizers could increase the yield of wheat and maize while the grain and straw yields in each treatment were significantly higher for maize than for wheat. The yield of wheat and maize was increased by 6.74% and 22.32% respectively when applied with NPK fertilizers compared to NP fertilizers. With the NPSr fertilizing mode, the yield of wheat and maize was increased by 2.84% and 10.62% compared to the NP mode respectively. The NPKSr fertilizing mode gave the best yield for wheat and maize, resulting in 10.34% and 23.81% increase respectively compared to the NP mode. The yield stability of wheat was significantly higher than that of maize. Under the condition of long-term fertilization, the K uptaken by wheat and maize was degressive by the sequence of NPKSr > NPSr > NPK > NP, mainly deposited in the straw but not in the grain. In this work, the soil natural ability for applying K was gradually reduced as the planting years proceeded and the changes were fitted by linear equations. The natural supply ability of K element in land planted wheat was higher than that in land planted maize.     

Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations

Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels. The objectives were: 1) to understand the changes in dry matter and percent moisture content(MC) during grain development in response to different nitrogen application rates and 2) to determine whether nitrogen application...     

不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的影响

【目的】 针对我国高纬度寒冷地区玉米收获期籽粒含水率普遍偏高,制约机械粒收技术高效推广应用的关键问题,本研究在大田条件下,将不同熟期玉米品种按一定比例间作,以期明确不同熟期品种间作对春玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的调控效应。【方法】 以生育期长短不同的品种郑单958（ZD958）、先玉335（XY335）和益农玉10（YNY10）为试验材料,采用两因素随机区组设计,设置生育期长的品种与生育期短的品种间作,即ZD958与YNY10间作（Z‖Y）、XY335与YNY10间作（X‖Y）2个水平;设置6种间作幅宽（行数）比例,即6﹕6、4﹕4、2﹕2、1﹕1、0﹕1、1﹕0,比较分析了不同处理组合条件下玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的变化规律。【结果】 随间作比例的减小,生育期长的品种生理成熟和收获期的籽粒含水率降低,生理成熟前、生理成熟后的籽粒平均脱水速率及总脱水速率呈加快趋势,平均灌浆速率（G_mean）、籽粒最大灌浆速率（G_max）、灌浆速率达到最大值的粒重（W_max）逐渐增加,灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数（T_max）、籽粒活跃灌浆期（D）逐渐缩短,产量和百粒重增加明显（P<0.05）;生育期短的品种则表现为生理成熟和收获期籽粒含水率增加,脱水速率下降,G_mean、G_max、W_max不断减小,T_max、D略有延长,产量和百粒重有下降趋势但变化未达显著水平。同时,间作复合群体收获期籽粒平均含水率较晚熟品种单作显著降低,其中Z‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）收获期籽粒平均含水率较ZD958单作2年平均显著降低了6.44%—7.29%;X‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）收获期籽粒平均含水率较XY335单作显著降低了4.30%—4.75%。从间作复合群体的籽粒平均产量来看,随间作比例的下降籽粒平均产量有增加趋势,且与生育期短的品种YNY10单作相比,Z‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）、X‖Y-（6﹕6—1﹕1）的籽粒平均产量都有所增加,2年增幅比例分别达5.12%—6.49%和1.87%—2.96%,且以Z‖Y处理的增幅明显;而Z‖Y和X‖Y处理的籽粒平均产量与生育期长的品种单作无显著差异。【结论】 密植栽培条件下,不同熟期玉米品种间作显著促进了生育期长的品种籽粒最大灌浆速率和粒重提高,籽粒活跃灌浆期缩短,以及籽粒总脱水速率加快,有效降低了收获时田间复合群体平均籽粒含水率,实现了玉米籽粒高产稳产与高效脱水协同发展。     

Soil mulching can mitigate soil water defi ciency impacts on rainfed maize production in semiarid environments

Temporally irregular rainfall distribution and inefficient rainwater management create severe constraints on crop production in rainfed semiarid areas. Gravel and plastic film mulching are effective methods for improving agricultural productivity and water utilization. However, the effects of these mulching practices on soil water supply and plant water use associated with crop yield are not well understood. A 3-yr study was conducted to analyze the occurrence and distribution of dry spells in a semiarid region of Northwest China and to evaluate the effects of non-mulching(CK), gravel mulching(GM) and plastic film mulching(FM) on the soil water supply, plant water use and maize(Zea mays L.) grain yield. Rainfall analysis showed that dry spells of ≥5 days occurred frequen tly in each of 3 yr, accounting for 59.9–69.2% of the maize growing periods. T he 15-d dry spells during the jointing stage would expose maize plants to particularly severe water stress. Compared with the CK treatment, both the GM and FM treatments markedly increased soil water storage during the early growing season. In general, the total evapotranspiration(ET) was not significantly different among the three treatments, but the mulched treatments significantly increased the ratio of pre- to post-silking ET, which was closely associated with yield improvement. As a result, the grain yield significantly increased by 17.1, 70.3 and 16.7% for the GM treatment and by 28.3, 87.6 and 38.2% for the FM treatment in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. It's concluded that both GM and FM are effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of water deficit and improving maize production in semiarid areas. However, FM is more effective than GM.     

不同杂种优势群玉米籽粒灌浆速率分析

【目的】研究不同杂种优势群玉米自交系籽粒灌浆速率的特性,筛选灌浆速率快的自交系,为高产玉米杂交种的选育提供借鉴。【方法】采用烘干法测定173份玉米自交系在授粉后10、20、30和40 d籽粒灌浆速率以及6个相关性状。应用SAS软件对灌浆速率在年际、自交系、取样时间、重复、年际×自交系、自交系×取样时间、年际×自交系×取样时间进行联合方差分析。应用SPSS软件对灌浆速率及其相关性状如10、20、30和40 d苞叶的含水率、苞叶数、40 d穗轴含水率、穗轴长、穗轴粗及40 d籽粒含水率进行相关分析。利用均匀覆盖玉米全基因组的210对SSR标记对试验材料进行全基因组扫描,通过Structure V2.3.4软件分析其群体结构。对不同杂种优势群平均籽粒灌浆速率进行方差分析,并筛选出各个群中籽粒灌浆速率快的自交系。【结果】表型分析结果表明,在P=0.01水平上,籽粒灌浆速率在不同年际、自交系、取样时间、自交系×取样时间、年际×自交系×取样时间上存在极显著差异,而重复、年际×自交系间差异不显著。通过对不同自交系籽粒灌浆速率与其相关性状间相关分析,发现10 d籽粒的灌浆速率与20 d的灌浆速率在0.01水平上达到了极显著的正相关（0.515）,与40 d的灌浆速率和籽粒的含水率在0.01水平上达到了极显著的负相关（-0.198,-0.228）;20 d的籽粒灌浆速率只与40 d籽粒含水率在0.05水平上达到了显著的负相关;在授粉后30和40 d,籽粒的灌浆速率与40 d穗轴的含水率、穗轴粗以及40 d籽粒的含水率、30和40 d苞叶含水率在0.01水平上达到了极显著正相关,30 d籽粒的灌浆速率与10 d苞叶含水率达到了显著正相关;40 d籽粒的灌浆速率与20 d苞叶的含水率达到了显著地正相关。群体结构分析表明,参试自交系分成P、旅大红骨、瑞德、兰卡斯特和塘四平头5个杂种优势群。兰卡斯特和塘四平头群在0.05水平上没有显著差异;瑞德、P群和旅大红骨群间同样不存在显著差异（P=0.05）;而兰卡斯特、塘四平头群与瑞德、P群、旅大红骨群间则存在显著差异。对各群内自交系间进行多重比较,各群内自交系间灌浆速率在0.05水平上差异均不显著。试验共筛选到33个灌浆速率高于0.8 g•100 grain-1•d-1的自交系,其中瑞德群有13个,P群、旅大红骨、兰卡斯特、塘四平头群分别有9、6、3、2个自交系。【结论】不同玉米自交系籽粒灌浆速率存在较大差异,杂种优势群间的灌浆速率变化节奏不同,P群、旅大红骨、瑞德的表现快-快-慢的节奏,兰卡斯特、塘四平头的表现快-慢-慢的节奏。     

早熟玉米品种衡早10号灌浆速率特性研究

为了明确不同熟期玉米的籽粒灌浆特性,选用熟期不同的2个玉米品种衡早10号(早熟型品种)和郑单958(晚熟型品种)为试验材料,采用相同的栽培条件,在其吐丝授粉后第7 d开始取籽粒样品,每7 d取1次,直至种子成熟,分析了玉米籽粒干重、含水量、含水率、体积和灌浆速率的变化,以及籽粒体积与水分之间的相关关系。结果表明:衡早10号具有干重积累速度快、籽粒体积大、前期灌浆速率快且强度大等特点,收获时籽粒含水率低,且产量明显高于郑单958,增产率为8.4%。     

渭北旱塬冬小麦水·肥·产量关系研究

[目的]探讨了不同供水条件下土壤水分与作物产量的关系。[方法]以冬小麦品种长旱58为试材,设肥力和水分2因子高、中、低3水平9个处理组合,通过试验资料分析了不同养分和水分条件下作物的产量响应。利用2006年9月~2007年7月的气象资料研究了冬小麦不同生育期耗水量。[结果]各生育期耗水量占全生育期总耗水量的百分比以孕穗灌浆期最大,达45.6%,其次为拔节期,约21.5%,越冬期最小,约8.4%。底墒对旱作作物产量具有重要影响,施肥量过量会影响农田水分循环过程,使得高产农田的产量随降水量的变化而波动。[结论]提高作物土壤耗水量和土壤底墒利用率是黄土高原旱地农业实现高产稳产的关键。     

去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响

【目的】在大田试验条件下,设置不同去苞叶处理,研究去苞叶后夏玉米产量、籽粒体积、干重、脱水速率、籽粒灌浆速率以及籽粒黑层出现和乳线消失所需时间的变化,以期明确去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒产量和籽粒灌浆特性的作用。【方法】以先玉335（XY335）、郑单958（ZD958）和登海661（DH661）为试验材料,设置不同去苞叶处理：去苞叶1/4（S1）、去苞叶1/2（S2）和苞叶全去（S3）以及对照（CK）,研究去苞叶对夏玉米产量、籽粒灌浆特性以及籽粒黑层出现和乳线消失所需时间的影响等。【结果】去苞叶后夏玉米产量显著下降,XY335的S1、S2和S3处理的产量较CK分别下降9.45%、13.78%和27.89%,ZD958分别下降10.72%、15.07%和24.75%,DH661分别下降9.31%、16.01%和22.35%,去苞叶数越多,产量下降幅度越大。去苞叶后夏玉米的千粒重和穗粒数等产量构成因素显著下降,S3处理影响最显著,XY335的S3处理千粒重和穗粒数分别下降15.30%和14.87%,ZD958分别下降11.22%和15.24%,DH661分别下降15.10% 和8.55%。此外,去苞叶显著影响夏玉米的籽粒灌浆特性,影响随去苞叶数的增多而显著加剧。去苞叶后籽粒到达最大灌浆速率时的天数（D_max）显著减少,S3处理影响最显著,XY335、ZD958和DH661的S3处理的D_max较CK分别缩短3 d、4 d和3.5 d。去苞叶后灌浆速率最大时的生长量（W_max）和籽粒灌浆活跃期（P）等也均显著降低,且去苞叶数目越多,W_max和P的下降幅度越大,XY335﹑DH661和ZD958的S3处理的Wmax较CK分别下降12.75%、17.78% 和17.12%。XY335﹑DH661和ZD958的S1﹑S2、S3的P较CK分别下降6.22%、9.82%和11.78%,5.39%、8.39%和13.09%,0.17%、2.39%和5.97%。去苞叶后籽粒鲜重和籽粒体积显著下降,籽粒脱水速率显著提高,灌浆时间减少,籽粒乳线消失时间和籽粒黑层出现时间较正常发育的籽粒缩短,S3处理影响最显著,XY335﹑ZD958和 DH661的S3处理的籽粒乳线消失所需时间较CK分别缩短10 d、6 d和4 d,籽粒黑层出现所需时间较CK分别缩短10 d、5 d 和4 d。【结论】去苞叶后灌浆速率最大时的生长量、达最大灌浆速率时的天数和籽粒灌浆活跃期均显著降低,籽粒脱水速率显著提高,导致籽粒灌浆时间缩短,籽粒干物质积累量显著下降,籽粒乳线消失和黑层出现的时间较正常发育籽粒缩短,进而严重影响夏玉米籽粒的正常灌浆,最终导致夏玉米产量显著下降,且其影响程度随去苞叶数目的增加而加剧。     

Effects of Application of Nitrogen, Potassium and Glycinebetaine on Alleviation of Water Stress to Summer Maize

A pot experiment was conducted under water deficit and adequate water-supplied conditions with two maize genetypic varieties （Shaandan 9 and Shaandan 911） to study the effects of nitrogen, potassium and glycinebetaine （GlyBet） on the dry matter and grain yields as well as water use efficiency （WUE）. Determinations were made at different stages of the two varieties for revealing the function of these factors in increasing plant resistance to drought. Results showed that under a water-stressed condition, dry matter and grain yield were significantly reduced. However, the response of the two varieties to water stress was different： Shaandan 9 was significantly higher in dry matter and grain yields, and therefore could be regarded as a drought-resistant variety compared to Shaandan 911.Application of nitrogen, potassium and glycinebetaine raised dry matter and grain yield to different levels, and thereby alleviated the water stress and increased water use efficiency. These effects were higher for Shaandan 911 than for Shaandan 9. Under water-stressed conditions application of N fertilizer, either at low rate or at high rate, significantly increased dry matter, grain yield and water use efficiency. A significant different effect was found for Shaandan 911 between N rates, but not so for Shaandan 9. However, with supplemental water supply, effects of N fertilization were obviously decreased, showing that in addition to supplying nutrient, N fertilizer has a function in increasing drought-resistance of the crop. Potassium and glycinebetaine exhibited a remarkable function in increasing dry matter and grain yields as well as water use efficiency under water stress while such effects were obviously declined, even vanished, with supplemental water supply, indicating the important contribution of these factors in rise of drought-resistance ability of a crop.     

水氮耦合对玉米生长和产量的影响研究进展

近年来,气候变化与耕地面积不断缩减对粮食产量产生了巨大挑战。在农业生产中水、肥是必不可少的元素,两者在作物生长发育中紧密相连但又彼此制约,也是影响旱地农业生产和高产优质的必要因素。水氮耦合能调节影响作物吸收土壤水分和养分,并实现水肥一体化管理模式,在保证水肥资源高效利用的同时提高作物产量或不减产。玉米是一种典型的需水量大、需氮量多的作物,不同生育期对水、氮需求量不同,在玉米关键生育阶段水氮供应不足会影响其光合作用,进而影响干物质积累与分配,最终降低玉米产量,浪费农业资源。因此,本文主要综述了水氮耦合对玉米光合作用、干物质积累、水肥利用效率及产量的影响,明确玉米生育期内水氮耦合规律及其交互作用,以期为玉米合理灌溉及施肥提供指导。     

辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配、产量及土地生产力的影响

[目的]通过分析玉米大豆间作模式作物干物质积累与分配规律及种间竞争关系,探讨玉米大豆间作的增产机理,提出适合辽西半干旱区的最优玉米大豆间作模式.[方法]试验于2018-2019年在国家农业环境阜新科学观测实验站进行,采用田间试验方法,设置2行玉米2行大豆间作(MS2:2)、4行玉米4行大豆间作(MS4:4)、6行玉米6...