哈茨木霉TH-1处理土壤对辣椒生长的影响

研究哈茨木霉TH-1处理土壤对辣椒的促生长作用及其机制.结果表明,含哈茨木霉TH-1的处理中,辣椒的长势明显优于未含哈茨木霉TH-1处理;相对不含哈茨木霉TH-1的处理来说,舍哈茨木霉TH-1的处理中辣椒的鲜重及叶绿素的含量均显著增加,增加幅度均在22.26%以上;辣椒叶片的硝酸还原酶活性也显著提高,提高幅度高达68.12%;含哈茨木霉TH-1的未灭茵土中辣椒的长势明显优于含哈茨木霉TH-1灭菌土壤中的辣椒的长势.同时,相对含哈茨木霉TH-1灭茵土,含哈茨木霉TH-1的未灭菌土中辣椒的鲜重、叶绿素的含量及硝酸还原酶的活性显著提高,分别增加了18.42%、15.9%和26.28%.土壤中施加哈茨木霉TH-1后,放线茵、乳酸杆菌和光合细菌数量分别增加64.71%、77.27%和58.62%,酵母的数量降低了52.94%.     

木霉制剂协同骤冷处理对番茄的贮藏保鲜效果

将刚采收的绿熟番茄实经木霉制剂处理后,置于-10～-5℃的冷空气中分别骤冷处理30、40、60和120min,然后分别装入聚乙烯薄膜袋,于温度20～22℃、相对湿度80%～85%的条件下贮藏,结果表明,经木霉制剂协同骤冷处理的绿熟番茄果实未发生冷害,腐烂率比对照低4%～10%,后熟正常,绿熟果实转红时间比对照延迟4～10d,达到食用成熟度的时间比对照组推迟8～22d,达到食用成熟度后可再维持6～10d,的商品寿命而达到全红,且成熟后果实鲜红,色泽均匀,风味同对照一样良好。     

木霉菌防治烟草根腐病及其土壤优势微生物的相互作用

用施有100~200 g/667m2木霉菌的肥土包根假植后盆栽,可有效防治烟草镰刀菌根腐病、并有较好的治疗作用和促生效应,其中以150 g/667m2剂量的效果最好。对木霉菌与土壤和圈肥中的优势真菌、细菌、放线菌株相互作用研究的结果表明,木霉菌对土壤优势真菌和部分常见土传病原真菌有较强的抑制作用,在测定的3株优势细菌中,其中2株对木霉菌无抑制作用,但分别能抑制或促进木霉菌产孢;仅1株对木霉菌有不完全抑制作用,但对其产孢无影响。多数优势放线菌株对木霉菌生长或产孢都有一定抑制作用,但各菌株对土壤和病苗分离的病原茄病镰刀菌也有不同程度抑制作用。该结果证实,木霉菌在土壤中有较强的竞争能力,但其在土壤中的存活又受到多种土壤微生物的限制,同时也在一定程度上证实了应用木霉防治烟草病害的生态安全性。     

Mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant induced resistance by richoderma. asperellum (T. harzianum T-203)

Growing awareness of the environmental damage caused by the use of chemical substances for plant disease control in agriculture has raised the need to study biological alternatives, such as activating the defense response of plant crops by inducers not toxic to the environment. Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne pathogens, and are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth and to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. In our laborator…     

干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆叶片脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆叶片中游离脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:随着胁迫强度加剧和胁迫时间的延长,叶片中游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量均逐步增加,Pro和MDA含量最高可达对照的2.26倍和1.81倍;胁迫后复水,Pro和MDA含量均显著降低,最低分别只是对照的64.39%和80.15%,其中Pro含量呈现先大幅下降而后又小幅上升的趋势,而MDA含量则是先大幅下降,而后短历时胁迫(胁迫5 d)继续小幅下降,长历时胁迫(胁迫10 d)却小幅上升;各生育期豌豆叶片中游离Pro和MDA含量随土壤水分的变化也有一定的差异性.     

干旱对植物的伤害及植物的抗旱机制

论述了干旱对植物的伤害,并从气孔调节、渗透调节、活性氧的清除、膜蛋白的保护、植物激素的调节等方面综述了植物的抗旱机制．同时也对抗旱相关基因的应用进行了论述。     

木霉生防菌对根际微生物的影响与互作

将广谱拮抗木霉生防菌株(Trichoderma harzianum)引进辣椒根际，分析其对根际微生物区系和种群数量的影响，以及不同类型根际微生物与木霉菌和病原尖孢镰刀菌、青枯假单胞菌的互作。研究结果证实，木霉生防菌对辣椒根际大多数真菌种有抑制作用或重寄生作用，或两种作用皆有，并主要引起真菌种群数量的减少和区系组成变化，对数量占绝对优势的细菌和放线菌的种群数量和区系的影响不大。在辣椒根际木霉生防菌主要受放线菌和少数真菌和细菌种的抑制，这些对木霉菌有抑制作用的微生物种绝大多数也能抑制病原尖孢镰刀菌和青枯假单胞菌。多数根际优势细菌种对木霉产孢有较强的促进作用。以上研究结果在一定程度上证明了木霉生防菌株的根际竞争定殖机理和对土壤生态的安全性。     

几种土壤处理杀虫剂对哈茨木霉菌丝生长与孢子萌发的影响

[目的]为哈茨木霉的广泛使用提供参考。[方法]测试5种常用土壤处理杀虫剂与生防菌哈茨木霉的菌丝和孢子的生物相容性。[结果]甲基异柳磷在田间使用浓度(200μg/ml)下对哈茨木霉的菌丝生长和孢子萌发有强烈的抑制作用,抑菌率为64.37%,抑制中浓度EC50为119.56μg/ml,孢子的萌发率仅为64.25%;其次为辛硫磷和辛.氯,两者在田间使用浓度下处理后,哈茨木霉孢子的萌发率分别为68.5%和72.08%,明显低于对照,对菌丝生长的EC50分别为285.63和251.51μg/ml。[结论]毒死蜱和杀虫双在田间使用浓度下与哈茨木霉的相容性较好,可在田间混用或同时使用。     

农杆菌介导木霉几丁质酶基因转化拟南芥及其T1代对油菜菌核病抗性提高

通过根癌农杆菌介导花期喷雾，将内切几丁质酶基因导入拟南芥哥伦比亚生态型的野生型植株中，转化的种子经潮霉素抗性筛选，获得抗性幼苗11棵，转化频率为0．22％，经叶片PCR或基因组DNAPCR，扩增出外源基因ThEn42的特异性DNA片断，当代植株表现出不育、矮化和生长发育正常等不同表型。接种油菜菌核病菌(Sclerptinia sclerotiorum)后，T1代植株对病菌抗性显著提高。     

干旱胁迫下不同浓度Ca2+对苜蓿根系活力、脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响

文章采用盆栽试验,用5,10,20,30,50mmol·L-1CaCl2溶液对苜蓿种子浸泡16h,研究干旱胁迫下,Ca2+对苜蓿抗旱性的影响。结果表明,CaCl2浸种后可以提高苜蓿的叶片含水量,降低细胞膜透性,提高苜蓿的根系活力,增加脯氨酸的积累量,提高过氧化物酶的活性,用5￣20mmo·lL-1CaCl2处理时,能够减轻干旱胁迫对植株的伤害,提高根系的吸水和叶片保水能力,进而提高苜蓿的抗旱性。     

干旱胁迫下厚朴幼苗的生理指标及次生代谢产物对保水剂的响应

以1年生紫油厚朴(Magnolia officinalis)为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置了多功能型、钠盐型、钾盐型3类保水剂处理和空白对照,分别进行干旱和不干旱处理,研究紫油厚朴幼苗抗氧化酶活性、膜脂过氧化程度和次生代谢产物对干旱胁迫的响应.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子(O-·2)含量在4组处理中均显著增强(P0.05),过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)4种抗氧化酶的活性均增加,且均在空白对照和钠盐型保水剂组中分别达到显著差异水平(P0.05);可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累量在干旱胁迫下均有不同程度的增加(P0.05);次生代谢产物——厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的积累量均有不同程度的上升,二者在钠盐型保水剂组中未增加,而在钾盐型保水剂组显著增加.综上所述,钾盐和多功能型保水剂处理在厚朴幼苗受到干旱胁迫时渗透调节物质积累增多,抗氧化酶活性提高,膜脂过氧化程度减轻,叶片的抗旱性增强;更重要的是适度干旱和适量钾肥有利于主要药效成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的积累.     

Rice transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride and its effect on plant growth and resistance to fungal pathogens

Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), ech42, nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305.2 singly and in all possible combinations. The coding sequences were placed downstream of the rice actin promoter and all vectors were used to transform rice plants. A total of more than 1,800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations (for each of the three genes and each…     

Application of Trichoderma harzianum (T22) and Trichoderma atroviride (P1) as plant growth promoters, and their compatibility with copper oxychloride

Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P…     

Combined application of Trichoderma harzianum SH2303 and difenoconazole-propiconazolein controlling Southern corn leaf blight disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus in maize

Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB) disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide. The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents could improve biocontrol stability and efficiency against plant diseases, which ultimately reduce use of chemical fungicide. Trichoderma spp., well-known biocontrol fungi have been used to control some foliar diseases. However, few works have been reported on synergistic application of chemical fungicide and Trichoderma against foliar diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the control effect on the synergistic application of Trichoderma harzianum SH2303 and difenoconazole-propiconazole(DP) against SCLB. Results showed that the synergistic application of DP and SH2303 reduced the leaf spot area compared to the control. The efficacy of synergistic application of DP+SH2303 against SCLB could last for 15–20 d in pot trial under the greenhouse condition. Under the natural field condition, maize treated with DP+DP and DP+SH2303 showed 60% control, which was higher than that of SH2303+DP(45%) and SH2303+SH2303(35%). All these treatments induced the synthesis of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD)) and the defence-related gene expression of SA pathway(PR1). Taken together the in-vitro leaf test and field trial, the control of SCLB by synergistic application of DP+SH2303 was similar to that of DP+DP. Among synergistic application, the sequential application of DP+SH2303 showed better control than the sequential application of SH2303+DP. It was concluded that the synergistic application of chemical fungicide(DP) and biocontrol agent(T. harzianum SH2303) could be used to reduce the chemical fungicide and to reduce the SCLB diseases in maize, which provided alternative approach to realize an eco-friendly controlling of the foliar disease.     

细胞分裂素生产菌提高马铃薯抗旱性的生理生化特性研究

以马铃薯合作–88为材料，通过向土壤中分别加入巨大芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌溶液，结合水分亏缺灌溉(DI)进行土壤盆栽试验，比较水分亏缺状态下细胞分裂素生产菌处理对马铃薯幼苗农艺性状、生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：加入细胞分裂素生产菌后，马铃薯的水分利用率及其抗旱特性比对照均有显著提高，加入枯草芽孢杆菌后，马铃薯的根长、根干重、根系活力和干物质储存量均比加入巨大芽孢杆菌的要高。     

水稻地膜覆盖栽培的抗旱节水效应

田间试验结果表明 ,覆膜旱作条件下 ,全生育期土壤含水量是露地旱作的 1 1 3倍 ,水稻单产比对照增加 3 3 6% ;覆膜湿润栽培条件下 ,与常规淹水栽培相比 ,其节水率达 78 3 % ,单产增加 3 3 9% ,灌溉水生产效率达 1 4 5kg/m3 ,是常规淹水栽培的 6 1 7倍。     

Colonization and degradation of senescent flowers of zucchini squash by Trichoderma harzianum YC459, a biocontrol agent of gray mold, Botrytis cinerea

In commercial greenhouses, senescent flower petals or flowers of vegetables such as tomato, strawberry, hot pepper and zucchini squash were blighted to be removed from fruits within five days after spraying of Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (TORY, JGreen Inc.), a biocontrol agent with good and consistent efficacy as chemical fungicides for the control of gray mold rot caused by B. cinerea. The mechanism for selective colonization of senescent floral tissues by T. harzianum YC459 was …     

抗旱高产小麦新品系洛早2号的选育

旱2号系洛阳农科所以洛阳78(111)矮为母本,晋麦33为父本杂交选育而成的弱冬性多穗型中早熟旱地小麦新品系.1996年以来,经多点试验示范,表现高产、稳产、抗旱、抗寒、早熟、品质优、光合效率高,增产潜力大,适应性广,是较为理想的抗旱节水高产小麦新品系,1999年5月通过洛阳、三门峡两市认定.     

水分胁迫接种VAMs对山杏叶片中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响

对山杏实生苗接种供试的4种VAMs后,当感染率均达到70%以上时,采用盆栽试验于温室内研究水分胁迫对山杏实生苗叶片中可溶性糖和脯氨酸(Pro)含量的影响,结果表明:水分胁迫条件下接种VAM可以提高山杏的抗旱能力,水分胁迫时,菌根菌的存在可以延长山杏的耐受时间,从而提高山杏的抗逆性能.     

不同抗旱类型小麦品种开花期光合速率与抗旱性的比较研究

对田间不同水分条件种植下的不同抗旱类型小麦品种开花期旗叶的光合速率与抗旱性的关系进行了比较研究，结果表明，供试品种在正常水分处理条件下，开花期兴合速率（Pn)无明显判别，而在旱处理条件下，开花期光合速率差别很大，幅度在7－23umol.m^-2.s^-1。抗旱性较强的品种晋麦33，河农859在开花期保持较强的光合速率，有利于其适应旱胁迫；冀麦3235，中麦9号开花期兴合速率受到很大抑制，可能是使其抗旱系数（DRC）和抗旱指数（DRI）较小并使其抗旱性较差的因素之一，昌乐5号，温麦6号虽然在开花期强的光合速率，但其DRC和DRI都很低， 简明开花期的光合速率对其影响并不大，其抗旱性差可能是开花期后生理代谢过程受到影响的结果，不同的小麦种质资源在不同的生育阶段不同的抗旱机制。