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Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions. This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China, focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies, construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines. To develop super hybrid rice, considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield, good quality, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to stresses. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(5)
In 1996, a mega project that aimed to develop rice varieties with super-high yield potential(super rice) was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture(MOA) in China using a combination of the ideotype approach and intersubspecific heterosis. Significant progress has been made in the last two decades, with a large number of super rice varieties being approved by the MOA and the national average grain yield being increased from 6.21 t ha~(-1) in 1996 to 6.89 t ha~(-1) in 2015. The increase in yield potential of super rice was mainly due to the larger sink size which resulted from larger panicles. Moreover, higher photosynthetic capacity and improved root physiological traits before heading contributed to the increase in sink size. However, the poor grain filling of the later-flowering inferior spikelets and the quickly decreased root activity of super rice during grain filling period restrict the achievement of high yield potential of super rice. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that the high yield potential of super rice requires a large amount of N fertilizer input, which has resulted in an increase in N consumption and a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency(NUE), although it remains unclear whether super rice per se is responsible for the latter. In the present paper, we review the history and success of China's Super Rice Breeding Program, summarize the advances in agronomic and physiological mechanisms underlying the high yield potential of super rice, and examine NUE differences between super rice and ordinary rice varieties. We also provide a brief introduction to the Green Super Rice Project, which aims to diversify breeding targets beyond yield improvement alone to address global concerns around resource use and environmental change. It is hoped that this review will facilitate further improvement of rice production into the future. 相似文献
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两系法超级杂交稻准两优1202高产制种技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
准两优1202是用籼型温敏核不育系准S与恢复系R1202配组育成的两系法超级杂交稻组合,2007年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定.根据准两优1202的亲本特性,选择在北纬24°以南、海拔300m以下的稻区作秋制种基地,通过合理安排父母本播差期确保花期相遇、培育父母本高产群体结构、适时适量喷施"九二O"提高异交结实率、搞好病虫害防治、严格除杂去劣确保种子纯度等措施,获得单产3.0t/hm2以上、纯度98%以上的制种成绩. 相似文献
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我国超级杂交稻育种研究进展及展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
回顾了国内外超级稻育种历史,介绍了我国超级稻育种研究进展,指出我国超级稻育种在籼粳亚种优势利用及株型育种中取得了重大突破,超级稻在我国已处于大面积推广阶段。针对我国超级稻品种(组合)普遍存在适应性不广、结实率偏低、抗性及米质较差、双季超级稻品种(组合)较少及育种理论和技术还有待完善等问题,提出未来超级稻育种的策略。 相似文献
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超高产再生稻产量形成和栽培技术分析 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:13
1998~2002年在尤溪县建立再生稻超高产示范片,5 a累计面积1 097.73 hm2,头季平均产量10 664 kg@hm-2,再生季平均产量6 537 kg@hm-2,合计年产量17 201 kg@ hm-2,有一丘田再生季单产突破世界记录.头季超高产是依靠稳定穗数、主攻大穗,产量与干物质积累总量呈极显著正相关;再生季以多穗取胜,在头季收割至再生季齐穗期,再生分蘖积累的干物质有35%~40%来自稻桩转运,有60%~65%来自本身光合生产.超高产栽培主要技术是:规划适宜种植区,选用"双高"良种,调整生育期,畦式栽培,合理施肥,高留稻桩. 相似文献
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超级杂交稻育种的创新思维与实践 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
陈立云 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,(Z1)
超级杂交稻育种的创新思维提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线;提出了水稻光温敏不育机理新设想:即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果,不育基因位点(微效不育基因)可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度的高低.按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出C两优87和C两优396等增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合.遵循水稻光温敏不育系选育的技术路线,育成C815S,P88S和9771S等实用的水稻两用核不育系. 相似文献
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超级杂交稻模式组合的形态学优势分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以超级杂交稻模式组合培矮64S/E32为主要材料、以三系高产杂交稻汕优63为对照,对冠层形态性状及其群体动态和光分布特性进行了研究。结果表明,超级杂交稻模式组合具有以下形态学优势:①上3叶叶面积较大。叶片基角、披垂角较小;②上3叶卷叶指数较高,有利于叶片直立和改良群体内部光分布;③晴天,群体下层叶片处于光补偿点之上的时间比对照多7个多小时,有利于延长群体下层叶片的光合功能期;④群体消光系数小,可以容纳较大有效叶面积。理论最适叶面积系数比对照高66.2%。模式组合的优良形态有利于改良群体内部光分布。提高群体光合速率,增加群体“源”的供应能力。对模式组合的株叶形基础进行了讨论。 相似文献
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超级稻甬优6号特征特性及高产栽培技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2007~2008年引进超级稻品种甬优6号在南宁市进行适应性试验。小区及大田试验结果表明,甬优6号在南宁市试种表现早熟、大穗、高产、优质、抗倒、抗病等;全生育期115-120d,比对照博优253早熟5d,比对照中浙优1号早熟10d,试验平均单产8731.5kg/hm^2,比对照博优253增产10.2%,增产点比例85%,具有超高产潜力,适宜在南宁市作晚稻栽培种植。甬优6号获得高产的关键栽培技术措施是嫩秧抛栽、促根壮蘖、高肥控水等。 相似文献
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【目的】调查了解文莱水稻生产概况,为进一步加强我国与文莱农业合作提供参考。【方法】通过实地调查与实地试种,探讨分析了文莱水稻生产现状及其制约因素。【结果】文莱大米主要自泰国进口,自给率仅为6%-8%,农业物资较缺乏,农业管理机构不健全;制约水稻生产的因素有基础设施不完善、田间管理粗放、发展方案未能及时制定和实施、未进行品种选育工作。文莱-中国水稻合作种植试验结果表明,5个国内品种在文莱种植生育期均比国内缩短20d,其产量和米质虽然有所下降,但产量仍比文莱本地品种高;制约文莱水稻产量的主要因素有土壤偏性、储水能力较差、排灌系统较差、病虫害较严重。【建议】提高文莱水稻生产水平的发展思路为:完善与落实水稻发展规划、健全水稻生产指导机构、加强农田水利设施建设、建立水稻生产示范基地、组织农民参加培训、选种优质高产高温型水稻品种、确保生产物资供应。 相似文献