ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

穴盘规格和苗龄对塑料大棚菜豆性状及产量的影响

本试验以菜豆品种先行者为试材,采用32孔、50孔两种规格穴盘,设置10、15、20、25 d等4个苗龄段,通过研究不同穴盘规格和苗龄对菜豆性状及产量的影响,筛选出适合菜豆育苗的穴盘规格和适宜的苗龄。结果表明：穴盘育苗的营养面积增大,菜豆产量随之增加,25 d苗龄条件下,32孔穴盘的前期产量和总产量均显著高于50孔穴盘;随着苗龄的增长,菜豆的前期产量和总产量呈增加趋势,其中25 d苗龄的产量显著高于其他苗龄。综合上述各项指标,菜豆育苗阶段,10 d苗龄可选用32孔、50孔穴盘,15 d以上秧苗选用32孔穴盘为宜。     

微波消解——原子吸收法测定烟叶中铜铁锰锌钙镁钾含量

用微波消解火焰原子吸收法测定了烟叶中的铜、铁、锰、锌、钙、镁、钾含量。该法快速、简便、准确,相对相差为0.1%～8.3%,回收率为94%～106%。     

原花青素的性质、功能、纯化和利用

原花青素广泛分布于高等植物的多种器官和组织中,是黄烷-3-醇的游离、寡聚或多聚物,存在侧基修饰、异构性质、聚合方式、聚合度等的多样性,可采用多种色谱和质谱技术进行纯化和鉴定。原花青素对于植物具有抗紫外线、清除自由基、抗病驱虫、影响种子休眠等功能,影响作物品质等性状,对人体也具有多种生理功效,在药物、化妆品、食品等领域有良好的应用前景。     

贵州樟科、景天科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与分布

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证,基本摸清了贵州樟科、莲叶桐科、景天科、堇菜科、柳叶菜科、鹿蹄草科、柿科、山矾科、木犀科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与地理分布.结果发现贵州现有樟科药用植物49种4变种,莲叶桐科药用植物5种,景天科药用植物21种,堇菜科药用植物19种1变种,柳叶菜科药用植物20种4变种,鹿蹄草科药用植物7种1变种,柿科药用植物9种1变种,山矾科药用植物12种,木犀科药用植物30种3变种.其中,4种为贵州特有药用植物,40种5变种为贵州药用新资源.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

Nonconversion of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT in rats, sheep, chickens, and quail

The finding of appreciable quantities of p,p'-DDT after feeding o,p'-DDT to rats led to the proposal of a theory, that an isomeric metabolic conversion occurs. The presence of p,p'-DDT as an impurity in supposedly pure samples of o,p'-DDT is the correct explanation for the appearance of p,p'-DDT. Purified o,p'-DDT and (14)C-labeled o,p'-DDT yielded no data to support the idea that o,p'-DDT is converted to the p,p'-DDT isomer.     

重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集

对铅、镉、汞以及镧、铈在鲤鱼体内的生物富集作用进行了室内试验和讨论。结果表明,重金属及稀土元素在鱼体各部位均有较强的富集作用,其中肌肉部分富集能力较弱,内脏富集能力最强;鱼体各部位对重金属及稀土元素的富集作用随时间的增加而增加,在一定的时间后趋于平衡;并且,鱼体中各部位对重金属及稀土元素的生物富集作用存在较大差异。     

Portrait of Science. Scientist, technologist, proto-feminist, superstar

Although Marie Curie is known primarily for her discovery of radium, her true gift to science was her realization that radioactivity is an intrinsic atomic property of matter rather than the result of chemical processes. She was one of the few Nobel laureates to win the prize twice (physics and chemistry). During her career and as one of the first prominent women scientists, she became increasingly aware of the need for funding for research and of the scientific freedom that money can bring. By nature shy and reserved, Marie's fame, as both a scientist and as an exemplar of a liberated professional woman of the roaring twenties, grew to superstar proportions.     

Water, hydrogen, deuterium, carbon, carbon-13, and oxygen-18 content of selected lunar material

The water content of the breccia is 150 to 455 ppm, with a deltaD from-580 to -870 per mil. Hydrogen gas content is 40 to 53 ppm with a deltaD of -830 to -970 per mil. The CO(2) is 290 to 418 ppm with delta (13)C = + 2.3 to + 5.1 per mil and delta(18)O = 14.2 to 19.1 per mil. Non-CO(2) carbon is 22 to 100 ppm, delta(13)C = -6.4 to -23.2 per mil. Lunar dust is 810 ppm H(2)O (D = 80 ppm) and 188 ppm total carbon(delta(13)C = -17.6 per mil). The (18)O analyses of whole rocks range from 5.8 to 6.2 per mil. The temperature of crystallization of type B rocks is 1100 degrees to 1300 degrees C, based on the oxygen isotope fractionation between coexisting plagioclase and ilmenite.     

Behavior of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba: Chemoreception, Feeding, Schooling, and Molting

Krill do not feed by passive, continuous filtration but use area-intensive searching and various rapid feeding behaviors to exploit local high food concentrations. Chemicals alone at low concentrations, not particles, trigger feeding. Krill form dense schools that move rapidly and migrate primarily horizontally. Abrupt disruption of a school can trigger mass molting, and molts may act as decoys.     

On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects

A key unresolved question in population ecology concerns the relationship between a population's size and its growth rate. We estimated this relationship for 1780 time series of mammals, birds, fish, and insects. We found that rates of population growth are high at low population densities but, contrary to previous predictions, decline rapidly with increasing population size and then flatten out, for all four taxa. This produces a strongly concave relationship between a population's growth rate and its size. These findings have fundamental implications for our understanding of animals' lives, suggesting in particular that many animals in these taxa will be found living at densities above the carrying capacity of their environments.     

不同品种花生的氮磷钾钙硫积累及产质量差异

采用大田随机区组试验,研究了在优化氮磷钾施用量下豫南花生产区不同花生品种间氮磷钾钙硫积累及产质量的差异。结果表明:豫花40的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硫(S)养分积累量最大,分别为386.0、36.8、127.2、26.1 kg/hm²;中花24的钙(Ca)养分积累量最大,为60.3 kg/hm2;中花24的钙(Ca)养分积累量最大,为60.3 kg/hm²;远杂9307的饱果数最多;远杂9307的饱果重最大;商花5号的出仁率最大;豫花40的荚果产量最高;豫花40的粗脂肪含量和粗脂肪产量最大;中花24的油酸含量最高,为78.8%;豫花23的亚油酸含量最高;豫花22的棕榈酸含量最高;商花5号的硬脂酸、花生酸含量最高。     

Effect of colchicine, colcemid, and vinblastine on the agglutination, by concanavalin A, of transformed cells

The sensitivity of transformed 3T3 fibroblasts to agglutination by concanavalin A is reduced by alkaloids that bind specifically to protein subunits of microtubules.     

芦荟中铬·汞·砷·铅·镉·铜·锌含量的测定

[目的]测定新鲜芦荟中铬、汞、砷、铅、镉、铜和锌元素的含量。[方法]采用具有压力控制系统的MARS5型微波消解系统消解芦荟样品,用双道原子荧光法测定砷、汞,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定铬,用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定铜、锌、铅、镉。[结果]各元素在芦荟中的含量均较少。[结论]微波消解法处理芦荟样品,具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点。     

氮、磷、钾配施及其与铜、硼配施对大豆产量的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究浙春3号大立在不同的氮、磷、钾配施及其与铂或硼配施条件下产量构成因子的变化及各因子之间的相关性。结果表明,氮、磷、钾与硼或钼配施促进了大豆株高的增长,增加了大豆的百粒重、总英数和单株籽粒重,提高了大豆的产量;大豆产量与大豆植株的生物量、株高、单株籽粒重、百粒重和总英数达到显著的正相关,与经济系数及有效分枝数为负相关,氮、磷、钾与硼或钼配施主要通过大幅度提高生物学产量而最终提高籽粒产量;在试验土壤条件下,氮、磷、钾之间的配施比以2：l：l处理的大豆产量最高;氮、磷、钾对大豆产量影响大小的顺序为N＞K＞P。