“互联网+”背景下生鲜农产品流通模式研究

本文从我国现有的生鲜农产品流通模式着手,分析其存在的主要问题,结合“互联网+”时代背景提出生鲜农产品流通C2C（消费者到消费者）、B2B（企业到企业）、B2C（企业到消费者）3种模式,并给出了运行保障措施,为促进我国生鲜农产品流通业发展提供参考借鉴。     

智慧物流背景下我国生鲜农产品供应链发展研究

在简要梳理现有相关研究成果的基础上,分析我国生鲜农产品供应链运行现状,并指出以智慧物流促进生鲜农产品供应链升级发展的必要性,进而结合智慧物流关键技术、主要功能及成功应用案例,提出智慧物流背景下生鲜农产品供应链升级发展策略,以期为促进我国生鲜农产品产业发展提供参考。     

不同保鲜模式对生鲜农产品供应链系统利润的影响分析

针对消费者对生鲜农产品保鲜要求高但企业保鲜意识不足的问题,研究了不同保鲜模式对生鲜农产品供应链系统利润的影响。采用迭代关系表示生鲜农产品新鲜度,依据成员是否保鲜将保鲜模式分为8类,构建不同保鲜模式下的生鲜农产品供应链系统利润模型,并求解不同保鲜模式下生鲜农产品供应链系统的最优决策参数和利润,分析影响供应链系统利润的因素,最后通过数值算例验证模型结论。研究表明,供应链系统三者(生产商、分销商、零售商)均保鲜时利润最大,降低成本或者降低运输时间均可使供应链系统的订货量和利润上升。     

服务供应链视角下生鲜农产品品质不确定性因素研究

从服务供应链视角构建生鲜农产品服务供应链,将其作为农产品供应链的子链,利用系统分析的方法得出在服务供应链中影响生鲜农产品品质的不确定性因素,根据管理决策行为能否抑制不确定性因素对生鲜农产品的消极影响,将不确定性因素划分为可控不确定性因素和不可控不确定性因素。利用灰色关联分析得出影响生鲜农产品品质的关键可控不确定性因素,并从生鲜农产品流通渠道、冷链设施设备的投入、物流标准化、政府对质量的监管力度等方面提出控制策略,保障生鲜农产品质量安全。     

基于价格参考效应的生鲜电商供应链协调策略研究

考虑到生鲜电商平台销售过程中价格参考效应对消费者需求的影响,构建了价格参考效应影响下的消费者需求函数,研究由一个生鲜供应商和一个生鲜电商组成的生鲜电商供应链的协调问题。根据模型比较分散式决策与集中式决策下产品的最优定价、生鲜电商供应链成员的收益等,发现合作能够提高双方的利润,因此构建收益共享契约模型。结果表明,存在价格参考效应的情况下,生鲜产品的批发价格、契约参数、参考价格对于需求量的敏感程度对于生鲜电商最优定价、供应链成员收益有着不同程度的影响,同时契约参数的确定取决于生鲜电商、生鲜供应商在供应链的议价能力。     

冷链中生鲜农产品物流的现状及其策略

生鲜农产品是人们生活中重要的食物来源,而冷链生鲜农产品物流作为一个庞大的系统工程,需要更高的组织协调性。文章针对目前我国生鲜农产品物流发展水平不高,存在着个体农户分散生产和加工能力低、装备落后、物流成本高等问题,提出了促进我国冷链中生鲜农产品物流的发展策略。     

精益物流管理在农产品供应链中的应用研究

随着我国农产品供应链的发展越来越快,流通方式却越来越单一。所以,为了保证农产品的供应能够满足人们的生活需求,要将精益物流管理合理地应用到农产品供应链当中。精益物流管理在农产品供应链中的应用不仅可以降低资源的消耗,提高产品的运输效率、质量,而且可以在最大程度上优化资源的配置。因此,加快精益物流管理在农产品供应链中的应用是目前的主要任务,现研究了我国农产品供应链存在的问题以及精益物流管理在农产品供应链中的应用方法 ,供大家参考。     

生鲜农产品冷链流通的保鲜原理及发展意义

从低温对微生物的生长发育、生鲜农产品在流通过程中的呼吸代谢及高温与低温伤害的控制作用等方面,介绍了生鲜农产品冷链流通的保鲜原理。并从产品质量与安全及环境污染问题的改善、提高我国生鲜农产品的国内外市场竞争力等方面分析了我国发展生鲜农产品冷链流通的意义。     

基于GM(1,1)回归模型的生鲜农产品市场需求预测研究

为实现对生鲜农产品市场需求的精确预测,本文分析了国民经济、政策投资、物流行业及市场消费等影响生鲜农产品市场需求的因素,构建了影响生鲜农产品市场需求的关键指标体系,建立了基于GM(1,1)回归的预测优化模型,并以天津市为例进行实证研究,最后得到未来十年天津市生鲜农产品产量预测值,以期为未来生鲜农产品市场科学合理化决策提供参考。     

我国生鲜农产品物流保鲜中存在的问题及对策

阐述了目前我国生鲜农产品物流保鲜发展现状,从3个运输领域介绍了物流的主要手段？从物流过程中振动与物理损伤着眼,着重分析生鲜农产品物流保鲜中特殊采后生理反应,从而指出了我国在物流运输过程中存在的问题与对策。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.