猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(HB-J株)对兔与猪免疫攻毒保护平行关系的研究试验

用研制的连续3批猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(HB-J株)分别以不同剂量免疫健康兔和断奶仔猪,检测其免疫28 d后的血清抗体,采用血清中和试验法测定血清中和指数,并对免疫28 d后的兔和断奶仔猪分别进行攻毒,统计各组兔和断奶仔猪免疫后攻毒保护率。结果表明,兔免疫28 d后的血清抗体中和指数为794～1258时保护率为60%～80%,血清抗体中和指数≥1479时可获得100%保护;仔猪免疫28 d后的血清抗体中和指数为229～269时保护率为60%～80%,血清抗体中和指数≥331时可获得100%保护。兔与仔猪对猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(HB-J株)均产生良好的免疫应答反应,抗体值较高者获得保护率相对较高,兔与猪免疫与攻毒保护呈现平行关系。     

猪伪狂犬病油乳剂灭活疫苗的制备及安全性与免疫性试验

用本室分离鉴定的猪伪狂犬病毒鄂A经毒株接种仓鼠肾细胞（BHK－21）,制备病毒抗原液，毒价不低于10^-6TCID50/0.1ml。经一定浓度的甲醛溶液灭活后与油相佐剂乳化研制成油乳剂灭活油疫苗4批。本研究对该制品的安全性、免疫性进行了测定。对18g左右小白鼠接种0.3ml，初生仔猪、断奶仔猪及妊娠母猪加倍剂量注射，均未出现不良反应，安全性良好。对母猪的繁殖性能不产生影响。后备母猪及妊娠母清中和抗体指数于免疫后21d达到316以上，间隔35d加强免疫一次后，中和抗体指数可达1000以上。断奶仔猪及初生仔猪免疫后对强毒的攻击，保护率分别为100％及90.62％。     

新型佐剂狂犬病灭活疫苗的研制

利用反向遗传操作系统拯救出狂犬病毒的携带双G基因的HEP-dG株,选用新型佐剂制成狂犬病灭活疫苗,进行小鼠免疫试验、比格犬最小免疫剂量试验、免疫持续期试验。试验表明,携带双G基因的HEP-dG株具有良好的免疫原性,该新型佐剂狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫效果较好,具有完全的保护力和较长的免疫保护持续期。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗制备

【目的】制备鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗。【方法】选取RA血清2型贵州流行株(RA-SS-8株)为基础菌株,依次利用分光光度法和平板计数法测定细菌生长曲线,再进行灭活条件筛选,以蜂胶为佐剂制备RA贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗,并进行无菌检验、安全性检验及免疫鸭攻毒保护性试验。【结果】分光光度法测定RA-SS-8株菌液D_{600 nm}值随培养时间变化显示,细菌在0~3 h时增殖缓慢,在3~10 h时增殖趋势明显加快,在10 h以后增殖逐渐趋于平缓,随着培养时间的延长,细菌最终进入衰亡期;平板计数法结果显示,RA-SS-8株D_{600 nm}值为0.1~0.8时,该菌处于对数生长期,且D_{600 nm}值与活菌数呈现良好的线性关系;RA-SS-8株最佳灭活条件为0.2%甲醛溶液、37 ℃灭活12 h;蜂胶灭活疫苗含菌量为3.8×10⁹ CFU/mL,蜂胶干物质含量为10 mg/mL;无菌检验巧克力琼脂培养基上未见菌落生长;安全性检验以2倍免疫剂量接种雏鸭在观察期内未表现出不良反应,大体病变观察未见明显病变;免疫鸭攻毒保护性试验显示,蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫组鸭对RA-SS-8株的攻击后保护率为70%,蜂胶灭活疫苗对试验鸭心脏、肝脏组织均具有良好的保护效果。【结论】本研究成功制备了RA贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗,为蜂胶灭活疫苗制备和动物免疫试验奠定基础。     

鸡新城疫灭活疫苗免疫攻毒试验与血清学(HI)试验的平行关系研究

对19批鸡新城疫(ND)灭活疫苗进行了效力检验,在测定PD50的同时,进行了HI抗体效价的测定,以寻找血清学与抗攻毒保护的平行关系.结果表明,免疫剂量与GMHI抗体效价和攻毒保护率呈正相关:免疫1/12.5剂量组共保护54/60(90%),GMHI抗体效价为5.6 log2;免疫1/25剂量组共保护152/191(79.6%),GMHI抗体效价为4.9 log2;免疫1/50剂量组共保护123/183(67.2%),GMHI抗体效价为4.0 log2;免疫1/100剂量组共保护46/139(33%),GMHI抗体效价为3.0 log2;对照组保护0/89(0),GMHI抗体效价≤2.0 log2.采用PD50测定的18批疫苗中,有15批合格,3批不合格;按照我国现有质量标准,即免疫1/25剂量攻毒的方法进行检验,19批疫苗中有16批合格,3批不合格;血清学方法检验19批疫苗中有17批合格,2批不合格.其中免疫攻毒效检方法与PD50测定方法的不合格疫苗批次完全相同,其中2批为免疫胚制造的疫苗,1批为进口的灭活疫苗,血清学检验不合格的2批疫苗包含在其中,三种检验方法结果基本一致.试验还发现,HI抗体效价和抗攻毒保护呈正相关:未免疫对照组鸡血清HI抗体效价≤2.0 log2,攻毒保护率为0(0/89);免疫ND灭活疫苗后如果血清HI抗体效价＜3.0 log2,攻毒保护率为3.5%(4/113);HI为3.0 log2,攻毒保护率为16.1%(14/87);HI为4.0 log2,攻毒保护率为86.7%(86/99);HI达到5.0 log2,攻毒保护率为97.2%(103/106),HI≥6.0 log2,攻毒保护率为100%(168/168).     

奶牛乳房炎灭活疫苗的研制

奶牛乳房炎是一种多发疾病，由于该病不仅能够降低奶牛产奶量和原奶的品质，危害消费者身心健康，同时也影响奶牛的发情和妊娠，并且使重患牛因失去泌乳能力而被淘汰，本病对奶牛饲养业危害严重。目前临床治疗奶牛乳房炎主要是使用药物，但由于奶牛乳房炎是由多种病原菌引起，单纯药物治疗效果往往不佳，同时也存在药物残留对原奶品质的影响。     

狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫佐剂的比较试验

本文利用反向遗传操作系统拯救出狂犬病病毒的携带双G基因的HEP-dG株,选用铝佐剂、蜂胶和油乳剂制成3种狂犬病灭活疫苗,进行小鼠免疫试验.试验表明,油乳剂和蜂胶佐剂狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫组效价较高.蜂胶狂犬病灭活疫苗二次免疫产生的抗体水平明显高于首免,油乳剂狂犬病灭活疫苗首免抗体水平与蜂胶狂犬病灭活疫苗二免产生的抗体水平相当.携带双G基因的HEP-dG株具有良好的免疫原性,油乳剂是作为该狂犬病毒株的最适佐剂.     

鸡大肠杆菌中草药佐剂多价灭活疫苗最小免疫量试验

取10日龄SPF雏鸡，分为两组。通过免疫攻毒试验检测了3个批次的鸡大肠杆菌中草药佐剂多价灭活疫苗的最小免疫量。结果证明，该灭活疫苗的最小免疫量为l／l0个预设剂量。     

云南某犬场犬狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫抗体效价评估

采用直接免疫荧光病毒中和试验(FAVN),对云南某犬场狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫28 d后的犬群随机抽样44只(份),检测血清中狂犬病病毒抗体效价。结果显示,44只受试犬,14只阳性(≥0.50 IU/m L),阳性率31.82%(14/44);狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫1次的31只受试犬(幼犬14只、训练犬17只),3只阳性,阳性率9.68%(3/31);免疫2次及2次以上的13只受试犬(3只训练犬,10只种犬),11只阳性,阳性率84.62%(11/13)。调查显示,该犬场狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫覆盖率为100%。笔者建议:在犬12月龄前,应进行两次狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫;在幼犬3月龄后进行第1次免疫,间隔1个月后进行第二次狂犬病灭活疫苗加强免疫,消除狂犬病免疫空挡,以后每年进行1次免疫;对于监测过程中,出现血清中和抗体效价低于0.50 IU/m L的犬只,应及时加强免疫1次;并加强犬场周围流浪犬、流浪猫管理。     

兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)的临床应用效果评价

为进一步评价兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)的安全性和免疫效力,本研究通过受试犬免疫后的临床观察、荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)检测血清中和抗体(NA)及攻毒保护性试验等方法进行检测。结果表明:试验犬接种该疫苗中试产品后无严重不良反应;5个批次的中试疫苗产品免疫效果稳定;免后第7 d,抗体阳转率97.5%,90%的免疫犬抗体达到有效保护水平;免后第360 d试验组的群体有效保护率开始下降,为90.5%;免后第390 d仍有83%的试验犬达到有效保护水平;采用狂犬病病毒(RV)街毒CNX8511株攻击免后第390 d随机抽样的30条免疫犬,其保护率达100%。结果证明,唐山怡安生物工程有限公司生产的兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)的临床免疫效力不低于同类进口疫苗,可以用于我国动物狂犬病的预防和控制。     

Efficacy of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine in dogs.

Inactivated, nonadjuvanted tissue culture-origin rabies vaccine was tested in 168 dogs for its ability to provide protection against challenge of immunity 1 year after vaccination. Several laboratory methods were used concurrently to measure the potency of the vaccine. When used at full strength, the vaccine protected 70% of dogs after either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination schedule. When vaccine was diluted to contain less antigenic mass, the 1-dose schedule was not as effective as 2 doses. High serum-neutralizing antibody titers developed by 7 days after vaccination, but the titers declined rapidly thereafter. The US reference vaccine protected 28 of 30 dogs.     

Potency test for inactivated rabies vaccine (author's transl)

Vaccination schedules and a challenge carried out in laboratory animals are necessary to test the Rabies vaccines for potency.Two main techniques, described by W.H.O., are compared:—The Habel test is a system involving a constant vaccine and a variable virus.—The N.I.H. test is the inverse system with a few major differences during the immunization phase.Although the Habel test is easier to implement, it is quite impossible to make a rigourous statistical interpretation of its results.Although it is more difficult to implement the N.I.H. test as it requires a reference vaccine and a titrated viral suspension, the statistical interpretation is simple.For a same vaccine, the variation amplitude is 1 to 250 for the Habel test and 1 to 7,6 for the N.I.H. test. The N.I.H. test is preferred to the Habel test     

Preparation of an immunizing glycoprotein from inactivated rabies vaccine (author's transl)

Biochemical characteristics of rabies glycoproteins have been studied in the present work. Glycoproteins were prepared from rabies virions grown on different tissue culture origin. Isoelectrofocusing of rabies glycoprotein was achieved. The protective activity of rabies glycoprotein was assayed on laboratory animals. Results of neutralising antibody response correlated to resistance to challenge are discussed.     

狂犬病灭活疫苗CVS-11株对牛的免疫效果

野生狐和貉狂犬病流行于新疆、内蒙古和黑龙江地区,是当地牛、羊和骆驼等家畜狂犬病的主要传染源。在国内尚无野生动物口服疫苗的前提下,对家畜进行狂犬病灭活疫苗接种,具有重要的公共卫生学意义。本研究利用国产犬用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CVS-11株)对牛进行了免疫效果和安全性评价。以不同剂量疫苗肌内注射免疫成年牛350头,通过比较免疫后狂犬病病毒中和抗体水平和持续期,确定犬用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CVS-11株)在牛的最佳免疫剂量为1次性注射2剂量疫苗,免疫持续期为1年。结果表明,犬用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CVS-11株)免疫牛时,具有较高的免疫原性和安全性,适用于牛等大型动物的狂犬病注射免疫。     

Results of vaccination of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the humoral immune response of Asian elephants to a primary IM vaccination with either 1 or 2 doses of a commercially available inactivated rabies virus vaccine and evaluate the anamnestic response to a 1-dose booster vaccination. ANIMALS: 16 captive Asian elephants. PROCEDURES: Elephants with no known prior rabies vaccinations were assigned into 2 treatment groups of 8 elephants; 1 group received 1 dose of vaccine, and the other group received 2 doses of vaccine 9 days apart. All elephants received one or two 4-mL IM injections of a monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine. Blood was collected prior to vaccination (day 0) and on days 9, 35, 112, and 344. All elephants received 1 booster dose of vaccine on day 344, and a final blood sample was taken 40 days later (day 384). Serum was tested for rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. RESULTS: All elephants were seronegative prior to vaccination. There were significant differences in the rabies geometric mean titers between the 2 elephant groups at days 35, 112, and 202. Both groups had a strong anamnestic response 40 days after the booster given at day 344. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results confirmed the ability of Asian elephants to develop a humoral immune response after vaccination with a commercially available monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine and the feasibility of instituting a rabies virus vaccination program for elephants that are in frequent contact with humans. A 2-dose series of rabies virus vaccine should provide an adequate antibody response in elephants, and annual boosters should maintain the antibody response in this species.     

Vaccination of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine.

Twenty-six captive, adult Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) were tested for the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test before and after vaccination. The bats were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: group A (n = 10) bats each received one 0.1-ml dose of monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine, group B (n = 10) bats each received two 0.1-ml doses of vaccine given 30 days apart, and group C (n = 6) bats remained unvaccinated. Plasma was collected from all bats before vaccination and on days 14, 30, 60, and 360. All bats were seronegative before vaccination, and all unvaccinated animals remained negative throughout the study. Rabies virus neutralization titers remained above 0.5 IU/ml from day 30 through day 360 for both vaccinated groups. Group B had significantly higher titers on day 60. This study demonstrated a measurable humoral immune response after vaccination with an inactivated rabies vaccine, with two doses producing a higher level of RVNA. This study confirms the feasibility of a rabies vaccination program for Egyptian fruit bats.     

Evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets

Efficacy of an SC-administered commercial inactivated vaccine for prevention of rabies was evaluated in domestic ferrets. Ferret immunity was challenged by the IM inoculation of street rabies virus. All ferrets developed titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies within 30 days of vaccination (geometric mean titer [GMT] = 154, n = 41) that were maintained for at least one year (GMT = 106, n = 36), compared with no seroconversion in controls (GMT less than 5, n = 39). Following rabies virus challenge inoculation, 89% (32/36) of vaccinated ferrets survived vs less than 6% (2/38) survival in control ferrets. These results demonstrate the protective efficacy of a commercial, inactivated rabies vaccine of at least one year's duration for domestic ferrets.