柴达木大肥菇子实体营养成分分析与评价

经测定,柴达木大肥菇子实体含粗蛋白24.0%、粗脂肪2.10%、粗纤维17.32%、碳水化合物34.91%、灰分13.65%;必需氨基酸(5.215 g/100g)占氨基酸总量(15.88 g/100g)的35.84%;含维生素B20.107 mg/100g、维生素B3(烟酸)8.168 mg/100g;l kg子实体含钾118 mg、磷38.5 mg、硫272.6 mg、钙624.9 mg、铜11.07 mg、铁163.4 mg、镁608.6 mg、锰5.77 mg和钠223.5 mg。     

美味侧耳子实体与担孢子形态观察及其营养成分分析初报

本文描述了木屑培养基袋栽美味侧耳(Pleurotus sapidus)子实体的形态。在光学显微镜下可见担孢子无色透明,表面光滑,呈长方椭圆形;在扫描电镜下,担孢子大小为4.08～5.21×9.21～10.44μm。分析结果表明:美味侧耳水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性总糖、粗纤维及灰分含量分别为4.34％、38.09％、1.65％,17.4％、13.4％和7.44％;钙、镁、磷含量为784μg/g、1176μg/g和5043μg/g;多糖含量为5.6％～6.34％;全氨基酸含量为24.03％,其中谷氨酸含量高达4.249g/100g(干菇),必需氨基酸比例较高(45.3％)。     

以桑枝杆为主原料栽培的秀珍菇鲜菇成分初步分析

对桑枝杆为主原料栽培的秀珍菇(Pleurotus pulmonarius)鲜菇的有益与有害成分(农药残留、重金属)进行了初步分析,结果表明:鲜菇含水分88.4%、蛋白质4.23%、多糖0.35%、粗脂肪0.08%,含鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)0.43 g/100g、门冬氨酸(Asp)0.29 g/100g,共计为0.72 g/100g;含甜味氨基酸丝氨酸(Ser)0.14g/100g、甘氨酸(Gly)0.15 g/100g、丙氨酸(Ala)0.15 g/100g、脯氨酸(Pro)0.14 g/100g,共计为0.58 g/100g。有害成分砷0.003 mg·kg-1、铅0.011 mg·kg-1、汞0.001 mg·kg-1;未检出农药六六六、滴滴涕,残留均低于《绿色食品食用菌》标准的规定。此外,蛋白质含量折干值达36.47%,多糖含量折干值达3.02%,即蛋白质、多糖含量较高;粗脂肪折干值为0.69%,即粗脂肪较低。因此,以桑技杆栽培的秀珍菇味道鲜美、清甜,营养、保健价值高,是一种优质菇品,值得大力生产开发。     

不同草菇菌株的室内床架式栽培试验

草菇（Volvariella volvacea），别名美味草菇、美味苞脚菇、兰花菇、秆菇、麻菇及中国菇等。草菇营养丰富，味道鲜美。“0每100g干菇含维生素C207．7mg，糖分2．6g，粗蛋白2．68g，脂肪2．24g，灰分0．91g。草菇蛋白质含18种氨基酸，其中必需氨基酸占40．47％～44．47％。此外，还含有磷、钾、钙等多种矿质元素。我国草菇产量居世界之首，主要分布于华南地区。近年来，     

菇类化学分析法(连载)

十一,维生素的测定维生素A、D、E在栽培菇中含量极少甚至完全没有。但是,栽培菇的尼生素和维生素B_2的含量很高(尼生素约40mg/100g干重,维生素B_2约为4mg/100g干重),它们还含有一定量的维生素B_1(约2mg/100g干重)。有一些菇中,维生素C的含量也较高(约0-50mg/100g干重)。维生素B_1、B_2和抗坏血酸(维生素C)都可用萤光法测定,而尼生素可用分光光度法测定。     

富硒平菇栽培的应用研究

在缺硒或贫硒地区采用低浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液,直接向子实体表面喷施和添加到培养料中的方法,将无机硒富集到平菇体内,结果表明,使用1～9μg/mL(微克/毫升)的硒溶液,直接喷施到子实体表面,其菇体内硒的富集量随着喷硒浓度的增加而增加,硒含量最高达13.8681 μg/mg(微克/毫克)(9 μg/mL(微克/毫升)组),且随着喷施时间的延长,同一处理组后期采收的子实体内硒的含量与早期采收比,都存在不同程度的增加,其范围在17.02%到45.43%之间,最高为75.24%(1μg/mL(微克/毫升)组),但这种方式各处理组都会导致平菇总产量的下降;按20 mg/kg～40 mg/kg(毫克/公斤)添加量将硒添加到培养料中时,仅头潮菇产量就可增产3成左右,菇体内硒的富集量可达12 μg/g(微克/克)干重左右,按每人每天进食100 g～200 g(克)鲜平菇汁,未超出我国营养学会推荐的成年人摄入量为50μg/d～200μg/d(微克/天)的标准,且采收的鲜菇不需经特殊处理即可上市出售,采用此法,可为食用菌产业带来新的市场.     

棉籽壳栽培杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑的营养分析与比较

分析了杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑干品中的氨基酸、常规营养成分、微量元素和维生素含量。结果表明，杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑氨基酸总量分别为12．72g／100g和19．55g／100g.其中，必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸(G1u、Asp)和甜味氨基酸(Ser、Gly、Ala)分别占氨基酸总量的43．24％、24．84％、16．27％和40．97％、27．83％、15．96％。杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑的蛋白质、脂肪、总糖和粗纤维含量分别为15．4％、0．55％、52．1％、5．4％和25．6％、0．77％、49．7％、6．7％。铁、钙、锌和硒含量在杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑中分别为2．9mg/100g、14．2mg/100g、38mg/kg、0．023μg/g和3．3mg/100g、6．9mg/100g、78mg/kg0．040μg/go。VC、VB1和VB2含量在杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑中分别为25．3mg／100g、0．193mg/100g、1．43mg/100g和24．5mg/100g、0．248mg/100g、2．12mg/100g。由此可知，杏鲍菇和阿魏蘑是两种营养价值较高的食用菌。从对食品高蛋白含量要求的角度分析，阿魏蘑的营养价值优于杏鲍菇。     

江苏沿海野生珊瑚菜营养成分分析与评价

运用国标法对江苏沿海滩涂生长的野生珊瑚菜嫩茎叶营养成分进行测定和分析.结果表明:珊瑚菜嫩茎叶主要营养物中含水量86.81％、粗蛋白1.03％、粗脂肪0.18％、粗纤维3.62％、灰分3.95％;抗坏血酸含量较高,达46.52 mg/100g;含18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为10.661 g/100g,鲜味氨基酸含量达3.312 g/100g,必需氨基酸模式与FAO/WHO接近;钠、铁的含量丰富,分别为28.37mg/100g、19.35 mg/100g,铜、锌、镉、铬、铅的含量未超国家限量标准,食用安全.     

我国龙眼科技工作的进展与成就

<正> 一、概况龙眼是我国南方的名贵特产,为重要的亚热带果树之一。其营养价值很高,自古以来就被视为滋补的珍品,受到人们的喜爱。据分析测定,龙眼果实含全糖12.38～22.55％,还原糖3.85～10.16％,含维生素C43.12～163.70mg/100g,维生素K196.5mg/100g,以及蛋白质和其它无机盐类等,可治疗多种疾病。特别是桂圓干享有盛誉,龙眼糖水罐头也受到国内外消费者的欢迎。龙眼主要分布在福建、广西、广东、台湾和四川各省(区),云南、贵州亦有少量栽培。1988年我国龙眼栽植面积为75.64万     

芦苇秸秆栽培食用菌工艺

以芦苇秸秆为栽培基质,采用栽培法,研究了不同的芦苇秸秆含量(0%、20%、40%和60%)及不同方式处理的芦苇秸秆(发酵和未发酵)对平菇和秀珍菇生长、产量等的影响,以期为秸秆资源的充分利用及探究新型食用菌栽培基质提供参考依据。结果表明：栽培基质中芦苇秸秆含量为20%时,平菇菌丝覆袋时间为(26.0±0.6)d,菌丝洁白浓密有活力,出菇状况良好,此时平菇干质量和粗蛋白含量为(19.5±0.8)g和1.4 g·(100g)^-1;秀珍菇在木屑栽培基质上覆袋时间最短(芦苇含量为0%),20%的芦苇含量基中中菌丝生长洁白浓密,出菇状况良好,且秀珍菇干质量和粗蛋白含量最佳,分别为(18.3±0.7)g和(1.7±0.001)g·(100g)^-1。此外,发酵后的芦苇秸秆栽培的平菇和秀珍菇各方面均优于未发酵的芦苇秸秆。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.