传感器在精准农业中的应用

加快我国精准农业发展速度,拓宽其普及应用范围,发展高效、稳定、价格低廉的传感器至关重要。介绍 了生物传感器、电子舌、电子鼻、机器视觉等新型传感器的基本原理及其在农业领域的应用现状,并探讨了在农副产 品生产、加工、储运和流通的各个环节对传感器的不同需求,同时对农情监控传感器的发展方向进行展望。     

无线传感器网络技术在精细农业中的应用进展

综述无线传感器网络技术在节点构成、网络拓扑、通信协议等方面的特点,重点介绍无线传感器网络技术在精细农业中的典型应用,认为无线传感器网络技术应用于精细农业,需解决信号传输与衰减方式建模、多通信网融合及降低传感器成本等关键问题.提出将无线传感器网络技术与农艺技术、农业机械化及自动化技术等相结合,有助于优化农业决策支持系统,...     

中尺度上水稻田质量与精确农业

将GIS和地统计学方法相结合,以浙江省平湖市为例,分析了县级尺度上水稻田有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾的空间结构及其变异机理,并绘制各要素的空间分布图.与北方旱地土壤相比,水稻田的空间变异机理有其特殊之处,清楚其养分的变化驱动机理,可以为精确农业管理以及防治农业非点源污染提供科学的决策依据.     

Evaluating high resolution SPOT 5 satellite imagery for crop identification

High resolution satellite imagery offers new opportunities for crop monitoring and assessment. A SPOT 5 image acquired in May 2006 with four spectral bands (green, red, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared) and 10-m pixel size covering intensively cropped areas in south Texas was evaluated for crop identification. Two images with pixel sizes of 20 m and 30 m were also generated from the original image to simulate coarser resolution satellite imagery. Two subset images covering a variety of crops with different growth stages were extracted from the satellite image and five supervised classification techniques, including minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance, maximum likelihood, spectral angle mapper (SAM), and support vector machine (SVM), were applied to the 10-m subset images and the two coarser resolution images to identify crop types. The effects of the short-wave infrared band and pixel size on classification results were also examined. Kappa analysis showed that maximum likelihood and SVM performed better than the other three classifiers, though there were no statistical differences between the two best classifiers. Accuracy assessment showed that the 10-m, four-band images based on maximum likelihood resulted in the best overall accuracy values of 91% and 87% for the two respective sites. The inclusion of the short-wave infrared band statistically significantly increased the overall accuracy from 82% to 91% for site 1 and from 75% to 87% for site 2. The increase in pixel size from 10 m to 20 m or 30 m did not significantly affect the classification accuracy for crop identification. These results indicate that SPOT 5 multispectral imagery in conjunction with maximum likelihood and SVM classification techniques can be used for identifying crop types and estimating crop areas.     

精细农业的研究进展

从农业资源的利用现状出发,论述了精细农业的技术体系和支撑技术体系,分析了精细农业的研究现状及其发展趋势．     

精确农业中的定位养分管理

本文介绍了精确农业中定位养分管理的实施与应用状况,包括土壤信息的获取及管理等。提出根据国内各地具体情况,研究适合当地经济发展及农业生产水平的养分管理技术,逐步形成一种相对简单但效果明显的精确农业方式。     

面向对象的高分辨率影像耕地信息提取

[目的]高分辨率遥感影像是快速提取耕地信息的主要数据源.[方法]在对阿图什耕地特征分析基础上,运用面向对象的特征提取方法,利用高分辨影像QUICKBIRD,探讨光谱特征、空间特征、纹理特征、典型特征等在耕地信息提取中的最优参数选择及具体应用,分析、讨论该方法优势与缺陷.并与传统分类方法提取结果进行对比分析.[结果]总精度提高了27.06;,Kappa系数提高了0.413 6,避免了“椒盐”现象.[结论]面向对象提取信息的方法周期较短、精度较高.     

充分利用现有条件加快我国北方农垦系统精准农业技术研究与发展

简要介绍了欧美等发达国家的精准农业技术研究现状及发展趋势。论述了我国北方农垦系统开展精准农业技术研究的有利条件。通过对国外多种土壤参数测定仪对比试验数据分析 ,针对我国北方农垦系统农业机械化生产水平及配套机具现状提出了适合我国北方农垦系统生产水平的土壤参数测定设备。土壤比阻测试仪较其它设备简单易行 ,是我国北方农垦系统实施精准农业的切入点     

基于ComGIS的精准农业变量施肥处方推荐系统研究

基于组件式GIS技术开发了精准农业变量施肥处方推荐系统。该系统实现了以土壤采样测试分析数据作为土壤背景养分,并根据已有的历史产量及其他信息分析确定所要达到的目标产量,通过集成施肥模型和专家知识实现智能决策,生成田间定位施肥处方。该系统可以与智能农机进行数据交换,将生成的处方安装到变量施肥机上,能够很好地指挥田间作业控制器进行变量施肥。     

精准农业中农田信息传输方式的研究进展

基于农田信息传输在精准农业中的重要作用,评述了有线传输介质和无线传输介质信息传输的特点,以及不同的传输方式应用领域和研究开发前景;通过对不同的信息传输方式综合性能的比较分析,指出精准农业中信息传输存在的问题,并就今后的发展提出自己的见解。     

变量施肥智能空间决策支持系统VRF-ISDSS--地理信息系统Arc View GIS在精细农业中的，应用

介绍一个具有数据库、知识库、方法库与模型库,用于精细农业中变量施肥的决策支持系统VRF-ISDSS。系统包括农业区的基础地理信息、作物生产知识、作物生长养分需求的教学模型和分析方法。系统利用知识库的知识对决策方案进行调节和优化,实现了智能决策。系统是在Arc View GISA地理信息系统平台上进行二次开发而成的,能够处理与分析作物生长环境参数的空间分布和作物产量的空间分布等信息,并能锌生成相应的分布图和变量施肥处方图。能够进行精细农业变量施肥的智能决策与空间决策,使得本系统不同于传统的农业决策支持系统以及单纯的农业地理信息系统。VRF-ISDSS还具有信息服务与科学计算等功能。     

神经网络在精准农业中的应用研究进展

简单论述了人工神经网络的基本结构和原理,总结了人工神经网络在精准农业的应用,重点介绍了人工神经网络在农作物产量预测和虫害预测方面的应用,简略介绍了人工神经网络在农业智能专家系统、农作物生长方面的应用,并对人工神经网络在精准农业的应用前景进行了展望。     

深化闽台精致农业合作的对策思考

推进闽台精致农业深度对接是新时期深化闽台农业合作的主线。福建省应当以精准的设施农业、精深的农产品加工业和精品的创意休闲农业为重点,承接台湾精致农业产业转移。遵循自然地理的区位优势,围绕三条产业合作带、四大主导产业和十大优势农产品,优化闽台精致农业合作的区域布局。加快引入大型台资龙头企业,延伸拓展闽台精致农业产业链,加强技术研发、金融保险和物流服务等产业链环节,培育台资嵌入式精致农业集群优势。     

Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles as fertilizers: An emerging precision agriculture strategy

Nanofertilizers increase efficiency and sustainability of agricultural crop production. Due to their nanosize properties, they have been shown to increase productivity through target delivery or slow release of nutrients, thereby limiting the rate of fertilizer application required. Nanofertilizers can be synthesized via different approaches ranging from physical and chemical to green (biological) synthesis. The green approach is preferable because it makes use of less chemicals, thereby producing less chemical contamination and it is safer in comparison to physicochemical approaches. Hence, discussion on the use of green synthesized nanoparticles as nanofertilizers is pertinent for a sustainable approach in agriculture. This review discusses recent developments and applications of biologically synthesized metallic nanoparticles that can also be used as nanofertilizers, as well as their uptake mechanisms for plant growth. Toxicity concerns of nanoparticle applications in agriculture are also discussed.     

高分辨率卫星遥感在引黄灌区农作物种植结构调查中的应用

针对当前宁夏引黄灌区灌溉管理工作的需要,以高分辨率卫星遥感影像为基础底图,结合实地调查,查清了灌区农作物种植结构的分布和面积情况,为进一步实施灌区农业种植结构优化调整、节水灌溉及水量调度管理等工作提供科学依据和基础资料.     

精确农业信息系统设计及其在农地整理规划中的应用

简要概述了精确农业信息系统的概念和特性,提出了精确农业信息系统的设计目标和总体结构,阐述了构成精确农业信息系统的7个子系统的功能结构,并将基于3S技术开发的精确农业信息系统应用于江西省农地整理规划的实践中,精确地界定了待整理农地的数量和空间位置,针对不同区域农地提出了整理的方向和措施。     

Advantage of multispectral imaging with sub-centimeter resolution in precision agriculture: generalization of training for supervised classification

Nowadays it is known how to resolve many questions through satellite imagery such as Landsat 8 and the like, both from the theoretical point of view, i.e. research, as well as from the practical standpoint, e.g. commercial applications. This study evaluated the possibility of generalizing the training for supervised classification of multispectral images with sub-centimeter resolution. Images were taken under uncontrolled conditions of lighting and sun-target-sensor geometry and in the presence of normal interference in the agricultural environment. The images were obtained by the DuncanTech MS3100 camera (Auburn, CA, USA), a multispectral camera (green, red and near infra-red) mounted on a mobile ground platform and transformed into reflectance. For each element present (leaves, stems, spikes, soil, shadows, spectral references and sampling implements), a representative area was delimited in each image. These regions of interest were used, first, to quantify the separability of the classes. The next step was to define groups for cross-validation within these regions of interest; ten-folds were defined randomly with the constraint of a uniform distribution of classes. These folds were used in training and evaluation of the supervised classification using spectral angle mapper, maximum likelihood and decision trees. Spectral angle mapper correctly classified 49.2 % of cases, the maximum likelihood achieved a success rate of 86.8 % and the decision tree correctly classified 99.5 % of the spectral signatures. These results prove that multispectral images taken under uncontrolled conditions can be successfully classified by a generalized model that takes advantage of the higher spatial resolution. This opens a new line in which those pixels that do not correspond to vegetation, which bias the estimates of the crop parameters and complicate the recognition of objects, could be automatically masked.     

Stereo vision three-dimensional terrain maps for precision agriculture

The combined interest in precision agriculture, information technology, and autonomous navigation has led to a growing interest in the generation of 3D maps of mobile equipment surroundings. This article proposes a method to create 3D terrain maps by combining the information captured with a stereo camera, a localization sensor, and an inertial measurement unit, all installed on a mobile equipment platform. The perception engine comprises a compact stereo camera that captures field scenes and generates 3D point clouds, which are transformed to geodetic coordinates and assembled in a global field map. The results showed that stereo perception can provide the level of detail and accuracy needed in the construction of 3D field maps for precision agriculture and field robotics applications.     

玉米精播机排种监测报警装置

充分考虑田间作业条件，开发了基于数字集成电路的4行玉米精播机排种监测报警装置。从电路功能上解决了报警逻辑、时间选择、监测行设置等问题；考虑田间作业环境，设计了具有防雨性能的传感器外壳、传感器在排种通路的安装结构、与主机的连接方式以及整个装置的供电方案等。设计了具有突出抗尘性能的传感器。田间使用结果表明，该装置能够适应田间工作环境，可取代农机手实现可靠监测报警。     

Possible adoption of precision agriculture for developing countries at the threshold of the new millennium

The concept of precision agriculture, based on information technology, is becoming an attractive idea for managing natural resources and realizing modern sustainable agricultural development. It is bringing agriculture into the digital and information age. The practice has smoothly extended into some developing countries. The basic principle of managing soil and crop variability within a field is certainly not new. It was named ‘intensive and meticulous cultivation’ by the Chinese people and has been long regarded as the cream of Chinese conventional agriculture. Toward the new millennium, China is preparing to follow the experience of the developed world and is starting to investigate the new technology. This paper considers the possible adoption of precision agriculture for developing countries and ideas in conducting the practice in China.