长翅型与短翅型褐飞虱对杀虫剂的敏感性比较

采用稻苗浸渍法测定了长、短翅型褐飞虱对烯啶虫胺、环氧虫啶、呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、敌敌畏、噻嗪酮、异丙威、吡蚜酮和醚菊酯的敏感性,并对其体内解毒酶活力进行了比较分析。结果表明:长翅型与短翅型褐飞虱若虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺和吡虫啉的敏感性存在显著差异,长翅型比短翅型更敏感;相反,对于有机磷类杀虫剂毒死蜱,短翅型褐飞虱则更敏感;2种生物型对烯啶虫胺、环氧虫啶、敌敌畏、噻嗪酮、异丙威、吡蚜酮和醚菊酯的敏感性无显著差异。解毒酶相对比活力测定结果表明,长翅型褐飞虱若虫酯酶比活力显著高于短翅型,细胞色素P450单加氧酶比活力显著低于短翅型,而谷胱甘肽S-转移酶比活力无显著性差异。本研究结果可为褐飞虱的有效防控提供科学参考。     

The presence of Rickettsia is associated with increased susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides

BACKGROUND: The presence of certain symbiotic microorganisms may be associated with insecticide resistance in insects. The authors compared the susceptibility of two isofemale lines, Rickettsia-plus and Rickettsia-free, of the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to major insecticides from different chemical groups, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, pyriproxyfen, spiromesifen and diafenthiuron. RESULTS: While the Rickettsia-plus and Rickettsia-free lines showed no differences in their susceptibility to imidacloprid and diafenthiuron, higher susceptibility of the Rickettsia-plus line to acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, spiromesifen and especially pyriproxyfen was observed. LC(90) values indicated that the Rickettsia-free line was 15-fold more resistant to pyriproxyfen than the Rickettsia-plus line. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that the infection status of B. tabaci populations by Rickettsia is an important consideration that should be taken into account when performing resistance monitoring studies, and may help in understanding the dynamics of B. tabaci resistance, symbiont-pest associations in agricultural systems and the biological impact of Rickettsia on whitefly biology.     

20种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的杀卵活性

在前期测定14种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾杀卵活性的基础上,本文采用浸渍法又测定了20种不同类型杀虫剂的杀卵活性,以期为草地贪夜蛾卵期防治药剂的选择提供更全面的参考。结果表明,所测的20种杀虫剂均具有一定的杀卵活性。在100 mg/L浓度下,溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和乙基多杀菌素表现出出色的杀卵活性,能够完全抑制卵的孵化,杀虫双的杀卵活性最差,低于10%。而噻虫胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、多杀霉素、联苯菊酯、噻虫啉、氧乐果、噻虫嗪、甲氰菊酯、烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的杀卵活性相对较好,其校正死亡率在70.95%～98.52%之间,毒死蜱、吡虫啉、辛硫磷、虫螨腈和杀虫单的杀卵活性相对较差,在42.26%～61.51%之间。在10 mg/L浓度下,噻虫胺、乙基多杀菌素和噻虫啉的杀卵活性均在70%以上,而杀虫双、毒死蜱和烯啶虫胺的杀卵活性低于15%。特别是在100 mg/L和10 mg/L浓度下,新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺和噻虫啉对草地贪夜蛾表现出较高的杀卵活性,分别为98.52%、76.91%和89.37%、72.44%。上述药剂在田间对草地贪夜蛾的杀卵效果还有待进一步验证。     

灰飞虱对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展

灰飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是其近年来暴发频繁的重要原因。本文综述了国内外关于灰飞虱抗药性的研究成果,包括灰飞虱抗药性的发展、交互抗性、抗性机理、抗性遗传及生物适合度等。田间灰飞虱种群对多种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中对新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉和昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮产生了高水平到极高水平抗性(抗药性倍数分别为44.6～108.8倍和超过200倍),对有机磷类药剂毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷(抗药性倍数分别为10～12.6倍和9～13倍)、氨基甲酸酯类药剂甲萘威和残杀威(抗药性倍数分别为29.8～45.3倍和40.1～131.5倍)和拟除虫菊酯类药剂高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯(抗药性倍数分别为7.8～108.8倍和12～21倍)产生了中等水平到高水平的抗药性,对氟虫腈、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪没有产生抗药性(抗性倍数5倍)。长期大面积使用化学药剂是灰飞虱产生抗药性的重要原因。因此,必须加强灰飞虱的抗性治理,以延缓其抗药性进一步发展。     

陕西关中地区小麦田禾谷缢管蚜对7种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确陕西关中地区麦蚜田间种群对杀虫剂的抗药性现状,采用浸叶法测定了兴平、礼泉、凤翔、岐山、扶风地区麦田禾谷缢管蚜种群对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、吡虫啉、异丙威、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、氟啶虫胺腈等7种杀虫剂的抗性水平。结果表明,禾谷缢管蚜对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性水平最高,其中凤翔种群对高效氯氰菊酯达到高水平抗性(抗性倍数为72.5),岐山和扶风种群对该药产生中等水平抗性(抗性倍数分别为31.4、29.9);5个地区的禾谷缢管蚜对溴氰菊酯、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、异丙威和阿维菌素的抗性水平较低,表现为敏感、敏感性下降或者低抗性;5个地区的试虫对氟啶虫胺腈均表现为敏感。分析认为,高效氯氰菊酯不适合用于关中地区禾谷缢管蚜防治,氟啶虫胺腈作为一种新型杀虫剂,可以在该虫防治中推广使用,吡虫啉、阿维菌素等其他几种杀虫剂可以在禾谷缢管蚜的防治中交替使用。     

Toxicity of insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies

Efficient chemical control is achieved when insecticides are active against insect pests and safe to natural enemies. In this study, the toxicity of 17 insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the selectivity of seven insecticides to natural enemies of this insect pest were evaluated. To determine the insecticide toxicity, B. tabaci adults were exposed to abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, cartap, imidacloprid, malathion, methamidophos, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenitrothion, fenpropathrin, fenthion, phenthoate, permethrin and trichlorphon at 50 and 100% of the field rate (FR), and to water (untreated control). To determine the insecticide selectivity, adults of Encarsia sp., Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. were exposed to abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, cartap, imidacloprid, malathion and methamidophos at 50 and 100% FR, and to water. Groups of each insect species were exposed to kale leaves preimmersed in each treatment under laboratory conditions. Mortality of exposed individuals was recorded 24 h after treatment. Cartap and imidacloprid at 50 and 100% FR and abamectin and acetamiprid at 100% FR showed insecticidal activity to B. tabaci adults. Abamectin at 50 and 100% FR was the least insecticidal compound to the natural enemies Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. The present results suggest that abamectin at 100% FR may decrease B. tabaci field populations but can still be harmless to predators. Implications of these results within an integrated pest management context are discussed.     

Resistance of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides in southern Spain with special reference to neonicotinoids

The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) which occurs in various parts of the world, has developed a high degree of resistance against several chemical classes of insecticide, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The present studies were done in order to monitor the susceptibility of whitefly populations in southern Spain to insecticides commonly used there. Systemic bioassays using Spanish field populations of B tabaci collected in 1994, 1996 and 1998 indicated an increase, albeit a slow one, in resistance to imidacloprid over this period. Comparative studies of other neonicotinoids using the same bioassay revealed a high degree of cross‐resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. Leaf‐dip bioassays with adult females from these populations revealed a high level of resistance to cyfluthrin, endosulfan, monocrotophos, methamidophos, and pymetrozine, each at 200 mg litre⁻¹. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were tested against second‐instar nymphs and eggs, respectively. Buprofezin also showed a lower efficacy against ESP‐98, a strain of B tabaci received from Almeria in 1998, but pyriproxyfen resistance was not obvious when tested against eggs of strain ESP‐98. Field trials in 1998 revealed good efficacy of imidacloprid in one farm in the Almeria region and two greenhouses in Murcia and Sevilla, but a loss of activity by imidacloprid in another farm in the Almeria region. Cross‐resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was also confirmed under field conditions. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

稻飞虱靶标杀虫剂亚致死剂量多代处理对两种赤眼蜂的影响

实验室条件下测定了四种稻飞虱杀虫剂吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮和烯啶虫胺对稻螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂成蜂和蛹的毒性,以及亚致死剂量对两种赤眼蜂多代的影响。结果表明,四种杀虫剂对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂中等风险;噻虫嗪对螟黄赤眼蜂成蜂中等风险,其他均安全。四种杀虫剂对两种赤眼蜂蛹均安全。亚致死剂量的噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺处理可以刺激两种赤眼蜂的寄生力,该刺激作用并不会随着处理次数的增加而衰减。而吡虫啉和噻嗪酮显著降低螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生力,其中随着吡虫啉处理次数的增加,螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生力逐步降低。四种杀虫剂对子代羽化率无显著影响。四种杀虫剂对稻螟赤眼蜂的子代雌性比无显著影响;除吡虫啉外,在噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮和烯啶虫胺多代处理后,螟黄赤眼蜂的子代雌性比均有一定程度的下降。综上所述,如果在放蜂期间必须喷洒杀虫剂防治稻飞虱,建议要避开赤眼蜂成虫期,在放蜂4～6 d后优先选择噻嗪酮或烯啶虫胺。     

13种常用农药对柑橘木虱田间种群防治效果室内评价

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的传播媒介,快速、有效防治这种害虫是综合防控黄龙病的关键。目前,其防治措施主要依赖化学农药。为了了解化学农药对柑橘木虱的田间防治效果,本文以广东省博罗县柑橘木虱田间种群为测试对象,以华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室饲养的种群为敏感对照,室内测定了13种常用药剂推荐浓度对柑橘木虱的防治效果。结果表明,24 h后77.5%敌敌畏EC和5%啶虫脒EC对田间种群的效果最好,柑橘木虱死亡率分别为93.3%和90%,48 h后两种药剂处理的死亡率已达100%;48 h后,350 g/L吡虫啉SC处理的死亡率也达93.3%;72 h后,20%丁硫克百威EC、30%噻虫嗪SC、12%高氯·毒死蜱EC、45%毒死蜱EC、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW处理的死亡率也达90%以上。两个种群相比,所有药剂在相同时间对敏感种群的防治效果都高于田间种群。其中,用20%甲氰菊酯EC、30%噻虫嗪SC、45%毒死蜱EC、25 g/L联苯菊酯EC、99%矿物油EC等5种药剂处理,24 h后田间种群的校正死亡率显著低于敏感种群;48 h后除上述药剂外,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯ME处理的校正死亡率也显著低于敏感种群。72 h后,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯ME、25 g/L联苯菊酯EC、99%矿物油EC处理的校正死亡率依然显著低于敏感种群。说明田间种群对以上药剂的敏感性有不同程度的下降。此外发现,采用此测定方法22.4%螺虫乙酯SC对田间种群和敏感种群的防治效果均不理想。     

Potentiation/antagonism of deltamethrin and cypermethrins with organophosphate insecticides in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The joint action of pyrethroids deltamethrin and cypermethrins in combination with organophosphates ethion, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and triazophos was studied on putatively resistant field populations of Helicoverpa armigera from Pakistan by using a leaf-dip method. Ethion produced a good potentiation with deltamethrin, cypermethrin, alphacypermethrin, and zetacypermethrin, whereas profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and triazophos exhibited an antagonism with deltamethrin as well as cypermethrins. Implications of using mixtures for counteracting insecticide resistance are discussed.     

Influence of pesticides and application methods on pest and predatory arthropods associated with cotton

Incidence of sucking pests was studied in a transgenic (Bt) and non-transgenic cotton (non-Bt) agro ecosystem in 2008 and 2009. Simultaneously, the influence of different pesticides applied in two different methods on sucking pests and generalist predators was investigated on transgenic cotton. In stem application, the insecticides solutions prepared were painted directly on the middle portion of the plant stem but in foliar application the recommended dosages of the insecticides were sprayed on the cotton plant. The transgenic and non-transgenic cotton did not differ significantly in the population of sucking pests. The different pesticides when applied by foliar sprays reduced significantly more sucking pests than stem application. Among the different insecticides used, imidacloprid caused the maximum reduction of the leaf hopper population, acetamiprid caused the maximum whitefly reduction, and clothianidin caused the maximum thrips reduction under foliar application. Via stem application, acetamiprid and thiomethoxam were found better in suppression of the sucking pests?? population, but the population of predators was significantly less disrupted by the stem application method. The foliar application was in general more effective; stem application may be more applicable early in the season when its efficacy was higher and when foliar sprays were particularly destructive to beneficial pests. In foliar application, all the systemic neonicotinoids like imidacloprid, clothianidin, admire, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid were found highly toxic to natural enemies in comparison with spirotetramat, buprofezin and fipronil.     

新烟碱类杀虫剂种子包衣防治麦蚜的可行性评价

为评价不同新烟碱类杀虫剂处理种子防治小麦蚜虫的应用潜力,采用种子包衣法分别在室内及田间比较了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉防治小麦蚜虫的效果及安全性,并测定了吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的持效、对天敌和小麦产量的影响及其在小麦籽粒中的最终残留量。结果表明,在2.4、3.6和4.8 g/kg种子剂量下,啶虫脒明显降低小麦出苗率,而其它药剂均无显著影响;至抽穗前烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒和噻虫啉对麦蚜的防效低,吡虫啉和噻虫嗪则均有较高防效,在58.17%以上,而在小麦抽穗扬花期防效下降,为33.57%~60.46%。吡虫啉和噻虫嗪对叶部麦蚜防效均相应高于穗部。与喷雾处理相比,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪各剂量种子包衣对瓢虫和蚜茧蜂等天敌昆虫影响小,在3.6、4.8 g/kg种子剂量下,小麦千粒重和产量无显著差异,且在小麦籽粒中的残留量低。表明吡虫啉和噻虫嗪种子包衣防治麦蚜的应用潜力大。     

Current status of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, susceptibility to neonicotinoid and conventional insecticides on strawberries in southern California

Since 1998, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), has emerged as a major insect pest of many horticultural crops in coastal California. Control of this pest has been heavily dependent upon chemical insecticides. Objectives of this study were to determine the status of the greenhouse whitefly susceptibility to neonicotinoid and conventional insecticides on strawberries in Oxnard/Ventura, a year-round intensive horticultural production area of southern California. For bioassay tests, adult whiteflies were collected from commercial strawberry crops, and immatures were directly developed from eggs laid by these adults. LD(50) values of soil-applied imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran were respectively 8.7, 3.2 and 4.9 times higher for the adults, 1.8, 1.2 and 1.5 times higher for the first-instar nymphs and 89.4, 390 and 10.4 times higher for the third-instar nymphs than their top label rates. LC(50) values of foliar-applied imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid were respectively 6.1, 6.0 and 1.7 times higher for the adults and 3.8, 8.7 and 4.4 times higher for the second-instar nymphs than their top label rates. For the adults, LC(90) values of endosulfan, malathion, methomyl, bifenthrin and fenpropathrin were 2.2, 1.2, 1.9, 2.3 and 4.9 times lower than their respective top label rates. Chlorpyrifos was not very effective against the adults, as indicated by its LC(90) being 120% higher than its top label rate. The present results strongly emphasize the need to develop resistance management strategies in the region.     

Identification and expression profiles of nine glutathione S-transferase genes from the important rice phloem sap-sucker and virus vector Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) have received considerable attention in insects for their roles in insecticide resistance. Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) is a serious rice pest. L. striatellus outbreaks occur frequently throughout eastern Asia. A key problem in controlling this pest is its rapid adaptation to numerous insecticides. In this research, nine cDNAs encoding GSTs in L. striatellus were cloned and characterised. RESULTS: The cloned GSTs of L. striatellus belonged to six cytosolic classes and a microsomal subgroup. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of each of the six insecticides, DDT, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta‐cypermethrin, quickly induced (6 h) up‐expression of LsGSTe1. The expression of LsGSTs2 was increased by chlorpyrifos, fipronil and beta‐cypermethrin. Furthermore, exposure of L. striatellus to fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta‐cypermethrin increased the expression of the LsGSTm gene after 24 or 48 h. CONCLUSION: This work is the first identification of GST genes from different GST groups in Auchenorrhyncha species and their induction characteristics with insecticide types and time. The elevated expression of GST genes induced by insecticides might be related to the enhanced tolerance of this insect to insecticides and xenobiotics. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against pyrethroid‐ and organophosphate‐resistant populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptible S. litura and two field‐collected populations. RESULTS: The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P < 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively. CONCLUSION: Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

几种杀虫剂对豆荚野螟幼虫防治效果比较

通过调查死亡数和空蛀道数两项指标,比较了7种杀虫剂对豆荚野螟的田间药效,以52.5%毒·氯乳油(农地乐)1000倍液、20%甲氰菊酯乳油(灭扫利)2000倍液和1.8%阿维菌素乳油(爱福丁)5000倍液对豆荚野螟具有较好的控制效果。     

七种新烟碱类杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫及蚯蚓的选择毒力

为筛选出高效安全的韭蛆防治药剂,室内采用胃毒触杀联合毒力法比较了吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉与毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯等6种对照药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒力,同时用人工土壤法测定了13种药剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性,并通过盆栽试验验证了其对韭蛆和蚯蚓的选择毒力。结果表明,吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫的毒力明显高于6种对照药剂,对虫酰肼的相对毒力倍数分别为101.6、55.0、32.9、27.2、13.6;13种供试药剂中,除吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺、呋虫胺对蚯蚓中等毒性外,其余均为低毒;盆栽试验中,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻唑膦、高效氯氟氰菊酯的防虫效果和保苗效果均分别高于其它药剂,但其中只有噻虫嗪对蚯蚓没有明显致死作用。     

Control strategy for the sweetpotato whiteflyBemisia tabaci,late in the cotton-growing season

Populations of the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), were sampled late in the cotton-growing seasons of 1990, 1991 and 1992, in commercial ‘Acala’ cotton fields in southwestern Israel. In mid summer, when populations ofB. tabaci started to build up, cotton fields were commercially treated with a single application of an IGR (insect growth regulator). The experimental plots were then treated in September with conventional adulticides or with the novel insecticides buprofezin and pyriproxyfen (IGR), and diafenthiuron (a thiourea derivative). The effects of the insecticides onB. tabaci larval and adult populations, and the amount of damage to the cotton lint, were recorded. Untreated populations of larvae and pupae ofB. tabaci in the three end-of-season studies, had the tendency to build up toward the defoliation treatment. However, the level of theB. tabaci populations observed in the experimental fields and the short period of exposure of the open cotton bolls to the whiteflies, did not result in lint damage, probably because the whitefly numbers had been reduced considerably after the defoliation treatment. At the end of the 1991 and 1992 cotton seasons, a high level of parasitism, ranging between 50% and 80%, was recorded. The shift in chemical applications toward the novel IGRs during the season, along with the reduction in insecticide use in general, probably contributed to the propagation of parasitoids, thereby improving whitefly control.     

Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii

BACKGROUND: Imidacloprid has been a major neonicotinoid insecticide for controlling Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and other piercing–sucking pests. However, the resistance to imidacloprid has been recorded in many target insects. At the same time, cross‐resistance of imidacloprid and other insecticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been detected. RESULTS: Results showed that the level of cross‐resistance was different between imidacloprid and tested neonicotinoid insecticides (no cross‐resistance: dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and clothianidin; a 3.68–5.79‐fold cross‐resistance: acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiacloprid). In the study of sublethal effects, imidacloprid at LC₂₀ doses could suppress weight gain and honeydew excretion, but showed no significant effects on longevity and fecundity of the imidacloprid‐resistant cotton aphid, A. gossypii. However, other neonicotinoid insecticides showed significant adverse effects on biological characteristics (body weight, honeydew excretion, longevity and fecundity) in the order of dinotefuran > thiamethoxam and clothianidin > nitenpyram > thiacloprid and acetamiprid. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that dinotefuran is the most effective insecticide for use against imidacloprid‐resistant A. gossypii. To avoid further resistance development, the use of nitenpyram, acetamiprid and thiacloprid should be avoided on imidacloprid‐resistant populations of A. gossypii. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

近两年贵州省白背飞虱的抗药性现状

采用稻茎浸渍法测定了2013年和2014年采自贵州省贵阳、平坝、遵义、黔西、平塘及玉屏6地白背飞虱种群对8种杀虫剂的敏感性。测定结果表明,白背飞虱对噻虫嗪的敏感性最高,LC50值为0.060~0.93 mg/L(平均0.33mg/L);其次为吡虫啉、毒死蜱、环氧虫啶和噻嗪酮,其LC50值分别为0.080~2.84mg/L(平均1.03mg/L)、1.09~3.89 mg/L(平均2.27 mg/L)、0.59~10.07 mg/L(平均2.71 mg/L)和0.28~18.15 mg/L(平均4.96mg/L);白背飞虱对敌敌畏、吡蚜酮和异丙威的敏感性相对较低,LC50值为0.89~57.96mg/L,LC50平均值分别为10.03、12.16和22.44mg/L。两年抗药性检测结果表明,贵州省6地白背飞虱种群对吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮和吡虫啉表现出低至中等水平的抗性,而对其余5种药剂仍较敏感。