一种天然抗球虫药可安全添加于饲料之中

球虫病是广泛发生的原虫性寄生虫病，是养禽业面对的代价最为高昂的疾病。主要有７种艾美耳球虫引起的鸡球虫病，即堆型艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫、脆弱艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫、早熟艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、布氏艾美耳球虫。由于要采取预防措施以及造成的生产性能下降，球虫病造成的经济损失是巨大的。 对球虫病的防制和管理就是预防性地饲喂抗球虫药、用多虫种艾美耳球虫疫苗作免疫接种、环境管理以及营养管理。广泛接受的做法就是对肉鸡预防性饲喂抗球虫药，这已成了对球虫病的主要防制措施。在饲料中添加抗球虫药的做法已有…     

鸡球虫病防治体会

鸡球虫病是幼鸡常见的一种急性流行性原虫病，以２０日龄以前的雏鸡最易感染，春、夏季多发，发病率和死亡率均较高。由于球虫耐药性强，不少抗球虫药开始应用时有效，不久就出现了耐药虫株，效果逐渐下降，有的甚至被淘汰，给球虫病的防治带来了不少的困难。笔者根据多年防治球虫病的经验，总结如下，以供广大养殖户参考。１分清病原病原为艾美耳球虫，我国已报道的有７种，即柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫、哈氏艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫和早熟艾美耳球虫。柔嫩艾美耳球虫寄生在盲肠粘膜内，称盲肠球…     

沙咪珠利预防鸡球虫病的药效试验研究

为了解一种新型三嗪类抗球虫化合物沙咪珠利在临床预防鸡球虫病的合理使用剂量和对鸡球虫病常见4种病原的有效性和敏感性,采用抗鸡球虫笼养试验模型和抗球虫活性指数、盲肠病变计分、相对卵囊产量、增重等指标评价沙咪珠利的药效。结果显示,沙咪珠利饲料中添加9 mg/kg以上时,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的抗球虫活性稳定在高效水平,以10 mg/kg作为临床使用推荐剂量是相对安全和合理的。沙咪珠利饲料中添加10 mg/kg,预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella),毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)和巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)引起的球虫病的抗球虫指数分别为197、188、194和190,抗球虫活性达高效水平,沙咪珠利具有预防4种常见致病虫株引发的球虫病的疗效,其作用机理等有待进一步的研究。     

抗原虫药物的种类及其临床应用

抗原虫药主要包括抗球虫药、抗锥虫药、抗梨形虫药、抗滴虫药四大类.其中球虫主要寄生于肠道,其中柔嫩艾美耳球虫主要寄生于盲肠,常见且致病力最强;毒害艾美耳球虫寄生于鸡小肠中段;堆型艾美耳球虫寄生于鸡小肠前段;巨型艾美耳球虫寄生于鸡小肠中段;另外其他种属动物都可感染球虫病,该病对养鸡和养兔专业户造成经济损失尤其较大.     

四川部分地区肉鸡球虫病调查与药物治疗试验

为调查四川地区肉鸡球虫病流行现状,并筛选抗肉鸡球虫的有效药物,我们开展了本试验。结果表明,四川地区肉鸡球虫病感染场阳性率达95.24%,流行的球虫种类为柔嫩艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫和巨型艾美耳球虫;妥曲珠利和磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉比复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠预混剂的短期驱虫效果更好,但复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠预混剂的药效维持时间比前两种药物更长。     

奶牛球虫病的诊治

牛球虫病的主要病原是牛艾美耳球虫和祖氏艾美耳球虫。孢子化卵囊通过病牛的粪便传播,感染牛群。奶牛感染牛艾美耳球虫17~20天以后(祖氏艾美耳球虫16~17天以后),可在排出粪便中检测出卵囊的存在。根据临床症状及粪便浮选确定有大量球虫,诊断为阳性。有针对性地选择抗球虫药物并采取有效预防措施,是防治奶牛球虫病的根本。     

肉鸡球虫病的防制对策

在欧洲和美国大规模监测证实,大多数商品代肉鸡群都感染球虫。在过去的几年中,肉鸡生产性能有了显著提高,但是,低水平的球虫感染特别是堆型艾美耳球虫和巨型艾美耳球虫感染的危害还是相当普遍的。虽然,目前可利用抗球虫饲料添加剂或抗球虫药来防制球虫病,但亚临床感染仍常发生,所以应当考虑如何使用抗球虫药。球虫病对肉鸡的损害主要取决于以下四个因素:1.感染的类型;2.感染的程度(感染强度);3.感染日龄;4.其他疾病可能的不良作用。1 感染类型肉鸡中,堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)和柔嫩艾美耳     

上海地区鸡球虫病情况调查与防治对策

选择上海地区不同区县、不同经营体制、不同规模和不同饲养管理条件下的种鸡场,肉鸡场和蛋鸡场的鸡球虫病存在情况进行了调查,发现了6种球虫,其出现率各不相同,即变位艾美耳球虫出现率83%,堆型艾美耳和巨型艾美耳球虫67%、柔嫩艾美耳球虫58%、毒害艾美耳球虫33%,和缓艾美耳球虫17%.并介绍了常用抗球虫药11种及三方面的防治对策.     

农户养鸡使用抗球虫药物有讲究

1应当按致病虫种选择使用抗球虫药物抗球虫药物对不同种球虫的作用效果存有一定的差异。各种球虫的致病力和致病部位不同,因此,对药物的敏感性也不尽相同。虽然在临床上球虫病多为多种球虫病混合感染,但不同场所的主要致病虫种差别却很大,这是抗球虫药物防治效果存在差异的主要原因之一,不同球虫对药物敏感性存在差异并已被试验资料所证实,如氨丙啉对柔嫩艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫有高效,而对毒害艾美耳球虫和巨型艾美耳球虫的控制作用却甚微。因此,如果在一个鸡场中使用抗球虫药物,应当首先确定该场的主要致病球虫种,然后再选用对这些虫…     

百球清对人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效试验

百球清对人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效试验李军黎志强罗运端（广西兽医研究所,南宁５３０００１）鸡球虫病,特别是柔嫩艾美耳球虫引起的盲肠球虫病发病率和死亡率都很高。目前,防治球虫病的主要依靠药物。而现在普遍使用的抗球虫药物,又存在着因长期使用球虫产生耐...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。