双链季铵盐及季铵盐络合碘消毒剂消毒效果

依据农业部2001年《兽药试验技术规范》对市场上常用的季铵盐和季铵盐络合碘消毒剂进行了消毒效果试验。结果表明，该类消毒剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭率均大于99．9％；对芽孢杆菌的杀灭率仅为96％左右；对新城疫病毒的杀灭效果与消毒剂中碘的含量有关。     

双链季铵盐及季铵盐络合碘消毒剂消毒效果

依据农业部2001年《兽药试验技术规范》对市场上常用的季铵盐和季铵盐络合碘消毒剂进行了消毒效果试验。结果表明,该类消毒剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭率均大于99.9%;对芽孢杆菌的杀灭率仅为96%左右;对新城疫病毒的杀灭效果与消毒剂中碘的含量有关。     

戊二醛和季铵盐复合消毒剂杀菌效果的试验

将金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、溶血性链球菌 C群和类炭疽杆菌实验室培养 ,用 PBS液稀释成 5× 1 0 6 CFU/ m L 细菌悬液或芽胞悬液 ,分别加入到不同浓度的消毒剂作用不同的时间 ,结果表明 :戊二醛和季铵盐复合消毒剂 1∶70 0稀释时 ,1 0 min能有效杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌、溶血性链球菌 ,1∶ 1 0 0稀释时 ,在 5min可杀灭类炭疽芽胞杆菌。用 1 %浓度的消毒剂对鸡场进行现场消毒 ,结果表明 :该消毒剂在60 min可杀灭 99.96%的细菌     

薄层色谱法分离鉴别复方季铵盐戊二醛溶液中的季铵盐

建立了复方季铵盐戊二醛溶液中季铵盐分离鉴别方法,即以[氯仿-水（20∶1.5）的下层溶液]-甲醇（10∶3）为展开剂、浓氨试液为预平衡剂,采用硅胶G薄层板进行分离鉴别,实现了三类季铵盐良好的分离鉴别,并且较好的避免了制剂中其他辅料的干扰。该方法操作简便、成本低廉、分离效果良好,适用于该类复方消毒剂的质量控制。     

复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂成泡性能的优化及对病毒的杀灭效果评价

【目的】研究复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂的成泡性能,并评估该消毒剂对新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）和猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus,CSFV）的杀灭效果,以及不同作用浓度和时间对消毒效果的影响。【方法】通过响应面法对复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂中苯扎溴铵、癸甲溴铵和癸基葡萄糖苷3种成分的含量进行优化;采用悬浮杀灭试验,以细胞感染方法,测定该消毒剂稀释度为1：100、1：200、1：400、1：500、1：600、1：800和1：1 000时分别作用5、10和15 min对NDV LaSota株的灭活率;采用悬液定量法,测定该消毒剂稀释度为1：200、1：300、1：400、1：500、1：600时分别作用3、5、7、10和15 min对CSFV Thiveral株的灭活率。【结果】复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂中主要成分苯扎溴铵、癸甲溴铵和癸基葡萄糖苷含量配比分别为1.4%、3.8%和0.75%时,成泡时间达到83 min。该消毒剂在稀释度最高为1：400（以总含量计约为137.5 mg/L）时,最短作用时间5 min,对NDV LaSota株灭活率为100%;最短作用时间为3 min时,对CSFV Thiveral株灭活率达到100%;作用时间延长至15 min时,对2种病毒的灭活率均稳定保持在100%。复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂的稀释度低于1：400时,对NDV LaSota株杀灭效果不佳;稀释度为1：500（以总含量计约为110 mg/L）、1：600（以总含量计约为91.67 mg/L）时,作用时间10 min,对CSFV Thiveral株灭活率达到100%,作用时间延长至15 min时,灭活率稳定保持在100%。【结论】复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂中苯扎溴铵、癸甲溴铵和癸基葡萄糖苷含量为1.4%、3.8%和0.75%时成泡效果最优,该消毒剂对NDV和CSFV杀灭效果较好,为其在养殖场的规范使用提供参考与理论依据,也为畜禽养殖业场地环境消毒效果评价提供更多的可能性。     

2种季铵盐消毒剂杀菌效果比较分析

探讨单链季铵盐和双链季铵盐消毒剂的杀菌效果。分别采用双癸基二甲基溴化铵和苯扎氯铵杀除大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌,试验方法为悬液定量杀菌法,比较2种季铵盐的杀菌效果。苯扎氯铵对上述细菌的杀灭率分别为87.0%、92.0%、88.0%和84.0%,明显高于双癸基二甲基溴化铵的62.0%、74.0%、72.0%和65.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单链季铵盐的杀菌作用明显优于双链季铵盐,可进行推广使用。     

养殖场消毒误区及对策

（一）消毒药品种类不清出现选择误区 目前市场上常见的消毒药品种类繁多,商品名称更是是五花八门。消毒剂有酸、碱、醛、酚、碘、氯和季铵盐等类。其作用不一样,用法也不一。对病菌都有一定的杀灭作用,而对病毒和芽孢菌的杀灭作用却要看种类,很多养殖场由于不清楚哪类消毒剂可杀哪类病原,往往选择看消毒剂的说明和名称,而不看其主要成分,     

对季铵盐碘消毒液不同检验标准终点颜色变化的分析

根据不同的地方标准，对性质相似的季铵盐络合碘类消毒液含量进行检验。标准规定操作步骤中加入氧化银的，其颜色反应与标准规定的蓝色一致；标准规定操作步骤中未加入氧化银的，滴定终点的颜色受碘的影响呈蓝紫色，与标准规定的蓝色不一致。     

消毒剂的科学选用

目前市场上销售的及生产中常用的消毒剂共有6大类,即醛类消毒剂、复合酚类消毒剂、含氯消毒剂、复合碘类消毒剂、过氧化物消毒剂、阳离子表面活性剂(季铵盐)类消毒剂,从生产实际上看,理想的消毒剂应具备实用、安全、高效、稳定、低价位等特点,上述消毒剂各有所长,又各有所短。因此在实际应用中应根据具体情况进行综合比较后做出适当的选择。     

三类消毒药对牛舍消毒效果的比较

[目的]比较醛类消毒剂、季铵盐类及两类消毒药的络合物三类消毒药对牛舍空气、地面细菌的抑菌效果的差异,探究牛舍在温度为11~24℃时最佳消毒周期。[方法]用三种消毒药对不同圈舍消毒,采集不同高度的空气细菌样品并在消毒后的八天连续采集地面细菌样品。[结果]三种消毒药对空气中细菌的和圈舍地面细菌消杀率都很高,均超过80%,超强毒灭消毒效果最理想。[结论]四天为一个消毒周期最理想。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.