山楂决明子苹果醋复合饮料的研制

通过在苹果醋中添加山楂汁、决明子汁、木糖醇、柠檬酸,开发一种复合型饮料。以感官评分为指标,采用单因素试验结合正交试验筛选最优配方。结果表明,复合饮料最佳配方为：以苹果醋为基液,山楂汁添加量20%,决明子汁添加量15%,木糖醇添加量10 g/L,柠檬酸添加量0.15 g/L;按该配方制备的山楂决明子苹果醋复合饮料,色泽透亮、口感纯正、酸甜可口、具有山楂和苹果特有的果香味;蛋白质含量为8.6 mg/100 mL,总酸含量为5.9 g/100 mL,总糖含量为3.6 mg/100 mL,微生物指标检测结果符合相关国家标准。     

铁皮石斛苹果复合饮料加工工艺及其抗氧化性研究

在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验优化铁皮石斛苹果复合饮料加工工艺,并研究了复合饮料对·OH和O^-2·的清除作用。结果表明,铁皮石斛苹果复合饮料的最佳配方为:铁皮石斛汁料液比1∶15(g/mL),铁皮石斛汁与苹果汁体积比6∶4,黄原胶添加量0.04 g/100 mL,白砂糖添加量4.0 g/100 mL,柠檬酸添加量0.1 g/100 mL;按最佳配方制得的复合饮料对·OH和O^-2·均有较好的清除作用,在1.0 mL/mL时,清除率分别为70.6%和22.4%。制备的复合饮料具有明显铁皮石斛和苹果清香,酸甜适中,口感细腻。     

绿茶-火龙果复合饮料制取工艺研究

为优化绿茶-火龙果饮料的制取工艺,以绿茶、火龙果为主要原料,辅以一定的柠檬酸和蔗糖,配制出风味独特营养丰富的火龙果-绿茶饮料。设计单因素试验以确定正交试验各因素筛选水平范围,结合正交试验分析结果和感官综合评分,探讨火龙果绿茶饮料的生产工艺和操作要点。结果表明：绿茶与火龙果汁复合饮料的料比为2:1,脱脂奶添加量为9%,柠檬酸添加量为0.20%,蔗糖添加量为4%;在此生产工艺条件下,所得产品呈翠绿色、口感佳、稳定性良好,蛋白质含量为9.34 mg/mL,V_c含量为 438 μg/mL,总糖含量为2.5%,茶多酚含量为11.5%,无超标重金属、无菌类污染,可在实际生产中加以应用。     

燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料配方优化及工艺研究

以燕麦和鹰嘴豆为原料,参考联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）规定的氨基酸组成标准模式,确定了燕麦和鹰嘴豆最佳氨基酸互补质量比为138∶18。在单因素试验的基础上对燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料配方进行正交试验优化,并在最佳复合饮料配方基础上,通过响应面试验对其稳定性进行优化。结果表明,燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料最佳配方为：料液比（燕麦鹰嘴豆复合粉∶水）1∶16（g/mL）,白砂糖添加量20 g/L,柠檬酸添加量2 g/L,在此条件下配制的复合饮料口感最佳,感官评分为88.63±0.97分;燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料最佳稳定剂配方为：羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）添加量0.8 g/L,黄原胶添加量0.5 g/L,海藻酸钠添加量0.3 g/L,在此条件下复合饮料稳定性最高,离心沉淀率为12.40%±0.07%。该试验结果为谷豆类复合饮料加工提供了理论支撑。     

基于响应面法优化金桔红枣复合饮料配方

为开发新型金桔复合饮料,分别以金桔、红枣、雪梨、百合和冰糖为原料制备金桔汁、红枣汁、雪梨汁和百合汁,在单因素试验的基础上,通过Design-Expert 8.0.6的Box-Behnken Design中心组合试验设计,以感官评分为响应值,对复合饮料配方进行优化。结果表明,各因素对金桔红枣复合饮料感官评分的影响从大到小顺序为：百合汁添加量＞雪梨汁添加量＞红枣汁添加量;最优配方为：金桔汁添加量150 mL,百合汁添加量21 mL,红枣汁添加量42 mL,雪梨汁添加量20 mL;按最优配方制得的金桔红枣复合饮料颜色透亮,酸甜可口,伴有金桔和红枣的特征香气。该研究为金桔、红枣等的开发利用提供了新途径。     

海棠灵芝桂花复合饮料配方及稳定性研究

以海棠果、灵芝、桂花为主要原料,蔗糖、柠檬酸、β-环状糊精、黄原胶、CMC-Na为辅料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验和响应面试验优化海棠灵芝桂花复合饮料配方,并提高其稳定性。结果表明,海棠灵芝桂花复合饮料的最佳配方为：海棠果汁添加量50%,灵芝汁添加量6%,桂花汁添加量12%,蔗糖添加量100 g/L,柠檬酸添加量0.2 g/L;复合稳定剂配方为：黄原胶添加量0.3 g/L,CMC-Na添加量0.4 g/L,β-环糊精添加量0.6 g/L。按此配方制备的复合饮料产品外观呈橙黄色,口感酸甜柔和,具有海棠果、灵芝、桂花的香气。     

抹茶饮料复配稳定剂的筛选

为解决抹茶饮料均匀悬浮的问题,本文在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化抹茶饮料的复合稳定剂配方。结果表明,抹茶饮料的复配稳定剂最佳配方为:抹茶添加量0.8 g/100 mL,黄原胶添加量0.06 g/100 mL,CMC-Na添加量0.04 g/100 mL,卡拉胶添加量0.08 g/100 mL,海藻酸钠添加量0.02 g/100 mL,明胶添加量0.06 g/100 mL,琼脂添加量0.02 g/100 mL,糖粉添加量2 g/100 mL,阿斯巴甜添加量0.04 g/100 mL,甜蜜素添加量0.04 g/100 mL,β-环状糊精添加量0.04 g/100 mL。该配方下制备出的抹茶饮料茶汤呈浅绿色,均匀一致,悬浮体系稳定。     

柑橘红茶复合饮料的研制

以柑橘和红茶为主要原料,探究了柑橘红茶复合饮料的制作工艺。分别以醇试验、碘试验和感官评价结果为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对柑橘汁的酶解条件、红茶茶汤的浸提工艺、柑橘红茶复合饮料最佳配方进行优化。结果表明,柑橘汁的最佳酶解工艺为0.2%果胶酶稀释液10%,酶解pH值3.5,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间2.0 h;最佳茶汤浸提工艺为料液比1∶60 (g∶mL),浸提时间10 min,浸提温度80℃;最佳配方为红茶汁用量40 g,柑橘汁用量8 g,白砂糖用量6 g,柠檬酸添加量0.2%,蜂蜜添加量4%。     

响应面法优化山药葡萄复合饮料的制作

以山药和葡萄为主要原料制备复合饮料,采用单因素试验得出山药与水的最佳配比为1∶6(g∶g);在单因素试验基础上,经Box-Behnken响应面优化法,最终确定山药葡萄复合饮料的最佳配方为白砂糖添加量5.17%,柠檬酸添加量0.16%,山药汁∶葡萄汁配比值0.59,在此配方下山药葡萄复合饮料感官评分为92.10分。采用正交试验确定了产品的最佳稳定剂配方,即黄原胶添加量0.15%,CMC添加量0.30%,海藻酸钠添加量0.10%。     

一种特色猴头菇苹果醋复合饮料的研制

以猴头菇汁和苹果醋为主要原料,通过添加果葡糖浆、柠檬酸和蜂蜜制作猴头菇苹果醋复合饮料。以感官评分作为评价标准,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对猴头菇苹果醋复合饮料的配方进行了进一步优化。结果表明,猴头菇苹果醋复合饮料的最优配方为苹果醋添加量64.7%,猴头菇汁添加量17.6%,果葡糖浆添加量16.3%,柠檬酸添加量0.15%,蜂蜜添加量0.1%,稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)添加量0.05%,在此最优配方下得到的复合饮料的感官评分最高为89.2分,得到一种澄清透明、风味独特和口感细腻的新颖复合饮料。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.