块状饲料添加剂饲喂肉牛试验

试验组（Ｔ组）Ⅰ期（高蛋白块添）、Ⅱ期（ＥＭ块添）、Ⅲ期（矿物块添）的日增重分别比同期对照组（Ｄ组）高１７７　ｇ、１１０　ｇ、１８５　ｇ，增长率分别为１７．２　％、１１．２　％、２０．８　％，ｔ检验差异显著（Ｐ　＜　０．０５）。Ｔ组比Ｄ组每增重１　ｋｇ消耗的精料（ｋｇ）、ＭＥ（ＭＪ）、ＤＣＰ（ｇ）都有较大幅度的下降，其中Ⅰ期分别降低０．６　（１６．０　％）、１２．６　（１４．１　％）、４４．６（７．０　％），Ⅱ期分别降低０．４　（８．２　％）、８．５（８．９　％）、５８．５　（８．６　％），Ⅲ期分别降低０．８（１７．７　％）、１６．９　％（１５．８　％）、１１５．２（１５．３　％），ｔ检验差异显著　（　Ｐ＜　０．０５　）。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期，试验组比对照组，头均每日增加纯收入为１．３２元、０．７８元、１．３８元，收益率为１∶１３．２、１∶７．８、１∶１３．８。按１２０　ｄ肥育期计算，头均多产肉２１．２　ｋｇ、１３．２　ｋｇ、２２．２　ｋｇ，头均可增加收入１５８．４元、９３．６元、１６５．６元。     

三种抗原对家畜日本血吸虫病诊断价值的比较

以日本血吸虫基因重组抗原LHD-Sj23／pGEX、可溶性虫卵抗原（soluble egg antigen，SEA）及SEA经Sephadex G-200柱层析分离后得到的第一峰SEAl作为诊断抗原，应用ELISA检测人工感染日本血吸虫绵羊血清及自然感染日本血吸虫水牛血清。结果显示，三种抗原用于检测人工感染日本血吸虫绵羊血清的阳性符合率分剐为88．79％、98．15％、100％，阴性符合率均为100％；自然感染日本血吸虫水牛血清的阳性符合率分别为80％、80％、84％，阴性符合率分别为88．9％、93．3％、91．1％；三种抗原与伊氏锥虫病牛血清无交叉反应；检测感染日本血吸虫不同时间绵羊血清，发现感染6周后均被检出针对这三种抗原的特异性抗体，且SEA及SEAl在感染4周后即可检出特异性抗体。三种抗原的诊断效果差异不显著。     

大蒜素替代土霉素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用 ７２头 ２４日龄断奶健康仔猪，随机分为 ３个处理，每个处理 ３个重复，每个重复 ８头。各处理组基础日粮一致。处理Ⅰ为对照组，处理Ⅱ组和处理 Ⅲ组分别添加大蒜素２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、土霉素２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ于日粮中。结果表明：与对照组比较， Ⅱ组日增重提高 ８．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０５），料重比降低 ８．２４％，Ⅲ组日增重提高５．２４％（Ｐ＜０．０５），料重比降低７．１４％。采食量均无显著差异，Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组相比较，前者日增重比后者提高２．８６％（Ｐ＞０．０５），料重比下降１．２０％，两者均对仔猪有促长作用，相同添加量，大蒜素可以替代土霉素。     

口服抗原疫苗预防小鼠日本血吸虫病的初步试验

为了观察口服可溶性血吸虫成虫抗原疫苗预防小鼠日本血吸虫病的效果，本试验应用生物可降解的天然高分子材料──壳聚糖作为载体[1，2]，运用单凝聚法[4]制成粒径500～1500μm的可溶性血吸虫成虫抗原微囊，胃饲ICR小鼠，经3次免疫后人工感染日本血吸虫，4周后剖杀小鼠。结果，试验组获得43．23％（P＜0．05）减虫率和41．18％（P＞0．05）减雌率。血吸虫抗原微囊体外释放试验表明，在0．01MolpH7．2PBS中微囊4h后即开始释放抗原，至第7天时抗原释放结束，累积释放抗原95．87％。     

猪育种进展及其发展趋势

哺乳母猪日粮含消化能１４．２１ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白１６．３～１９．２％（随猪只日增重的不同而调整），赖氨酸０．８２～１．０３％（随猪只日增重的不同而调整）。加拿大提出的最低营养标准为：中猪（２０～６０ｋｇ）（见表３）；哺乳母猪合消化能１４．０００ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白１６％，赖氨酸０．８％，钙０．９％，磷０．７％，ＶＡ７ ５００ＩＵ／ｋｇ、ＶＤ７５０ＩＵ／ｋｇ，ＶＥ３５ＩＵ／ｋｇ，胆碱６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ；生物素０．３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。 猪育种的进展，有赖于遗传理论的创新和育种技术的改进，国际上以遗传学为理论指…     

国产泰乐菌素治疗猪肺炎支原体病（猪喘气病）实验报告

用国产泰乐菌素治疗猪肺炎支原体（ＭＰＳ）病，按２６ｍｇ（高）、１３ｍｇ（中）、５ｍｇ（低）／ｋｇ体重肌肉注射，每天２次，连续７天为一个疗程。第一个疗程治愈率分别为５４．５％、５４．５％、６３．６％；未愈猪做第二个疗程，治愈率分别为３３．３％、５５．５％、４４．４％。中剂量组与进口泰乐菌素同等剂量组治愈率相同。用国产泰乐菌素预防ＭＰＳ病，按１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重肌肉注射，每天２次，连续７天，结果保护８／１０，阳性对照猪１０／１０发病。     

青饲牧草地化学除草试验报告

对６种青饲牧草用７种除草剂进行除草试验。证明播后苗前墨西哥类玉米用４０％阿特拉津胶悬剂０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；Ｍ－８１Ｅ饲用高粱与串叶松香草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；苏丹草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ９ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与２５％绿麦隆可湿性粉剂０．９４ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２，紫苏用１２％恶草灵乳油０．２７ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与８４％ｃｈｉｎｃｈ乳油１．８９     

合并用药治疗耕牛血吸虫和肝片吸虫病研究

本研究通过单项药物的选择试验，合并用药的治疗试验，人工感染日本血吸虫和肝片吸虫病治疗试验，田间扩大治疗等研究。提出硝硫氰醚１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ与三氯苯唑（黄牛３￣５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，水牛８ｍｇ／ｋｇ）或丙硫嘛唑１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ合并第三胃一次投药，对日本血吸虫和肝片吸虫的灭虫率和转阴率达９７．５￣１００％，临床观察，毒性试验，生理生化指标测定说明，临床使用安全，疗效高，比口服节省药物三分之二，节省人工时间一倍，达     

猪肝渣对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

猪肝渣是新鲜猪肝脏经生化提取（核糖核酸、辅酶Ａ）药物后的残留物,蛋白含量高,氨基酸平衡。为了验证其对蛋鸡的饲养效果,我们于１９９８年８月１日到１０月３０日,在焦作市墙北养殖场,对产蛋鸡进行了试验研究。１材料与方法１．１经省农科院实验中心测试,猪肝渣主要营养指标如下：粗蛋白５５％,钙０．８％,有效磷０．７％,赖氨酸３．８％,蛋氨酸１．４％,铁３９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锌７０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,铜２２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锰５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。１．２日粮的组成与营养日粮的组成分为鱼粉组（对照组）、肝渣组（试验组）,见表１。１．３试…     

特拉尼达牛,猪,羊感染轮状病毒

收集犊牛、仔猪、绵羊和山羔羊腹泻和非腹泻粪便，滤过后做乳胶凝集试验，检测Ａ群轮状病毒抗原。共计４７０份样品，其中１３８份为阳性，犊牛感染率为２７．７％（７３／２６４），仔猪为２７．８％（４５／１６２），绵羊为４８．６％（１８／３７），山羔羊为２８．６％（２／７）。不同到１周龄 的绵羔羊和犊牛，不到２周龄的仔猪，未检出轮状病毒抗原。     

水牛实验感染肝片吸虫后IGF-Ⅰ和β内啡肽含量变化及其对免疫功能的影响

头健康阉公水牛, ５ 头经口每日感染肝片吸虫囊蚴６０ 个／ 头, 连续２０ ｄ ; ３ 头不感染作对照。于感染前和感染后每周采集颈静脉血样１次, 共２７ 次, 分别测定血浆 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ⅰ、β内啡肽 （β Ｅ Ｐ） 以及 Ｗ Ｂ Ｃ 、 Ｄ Ｃ ; Ｔ、 Ｂ 淋巴细胞比例和血清抗肝片吸虫 Ｉｇ Ｇ 水平。结果 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ⅰ和β Ｅ Ｐ 分别在开始感染后第５ 周和第４ 周显著升高, 并持续到第２３ 周和第９ 周; Ｉｇ Ｇ 水平也在第４ ～２２ 周显著高于对照组, 嗜酸性粒细胞和 Ｂ 淋巴细胞比例也明显升高。结果表明肝片吸虫感染后水牛免疫功能的变化可能与 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ⅰ及β Ｅ Ｐ 有关。     

水牛感染肝片吸虫后红细胞免疫功能的变化

选择２０头２－３岁、体重３００－４００ｋｇ健康雄性去势水牛,经粪便检查和Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测确认为无肝片形吸虫感染后进行两个系列的实验。第一系列实验８头水牛随机分成感染组（ｎ＝５）和对照组（ｎ＝３）,感染组每头水牛每天口服６０个囊蚴,连续２０天,共感染１２００年囊蚴,研究慢性感染方式对机体红细胞免疫功能的影响;第二系列实验１２头水牛随机分成感染组（ｎ＝９）和对照组（ｎ＝３）,感染组每头水牛１次性     

应用冷冻保存辐照童虫苗和冻融童虫苗免疫接种牛预防日本血吸虫病

应用冷冻辐照(CI)童虫苗和冻融(F/T)苗预防日本血吸虫病的4项实验室试验和1项田间试验,分别在1979～1980年进行,结果如下:(1)1次免疫皮内接种水牛犊10,000条20 krad CI童虫加1 ml卡介苗,得到62％减虫率(P<0.05);应用相同方法注射黄牛,得到55％减虫率(P<0.01)。(2)对水牛犊免疫2次,间隔1.5月,分别用10,000和20,000条CI童虫,结果得到减虫率65％。(3)应用10,000条CI童虫加1ml卡介苗对水牛犊进行初步田间试验,结果得到减虫率53％。(4)对黄牛皮内注射30,000条F/T童虫和1ml卡介苗,揭示减虫率57％,但增加免疫接种次数并未改进保护效果。(5)水牛应用CI苗,黄牛应用F/T苗,探究其对雌虫及其产卵和孵出毛蚴的数目的影响,获得了若干证明。(6)水牛用CI童虫苗免疫后所激发出的细胞和体液免疫应答,曾用淋巴细胞转化试验和酶联免疫吸附试验检测。     

Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive performance and blood biochemical profile in lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes

The study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of bypass fat on productive performance and blood biochemical profile of lactating Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Fifteen multiparous buffaloes (2-4 lactation) of early to mid lactation were divided in three homogenous groups T(1) (control), T(2), and T(3) of five each. The animals in T(1) were fed with a basal diet consisting of a concentrate mixture, green sorghum, and wheat straw as per requirements, while the animals in group T(2) and T(3) were fed with same ration supplemented with 0.7 % (100?g/day) and 1.4 % (200?g/day) bypass fat (on dry matter intake (DMI) basis), respectively. The feed intake, milk yield, and milk composition were not influenced by supplemental bypass fat. However, fat-corrected milk (6.5 %) yield was higher (P?相似文献   

The intravenous glucose tolerance test in water buffalo

OBJECTIVE: The response to intravenous glucose loading in the buffalo using the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was investigated to provide a reference for intravenous glucose injection in buffaloes. METHOD: Twelve healthy, fasted, male swamp buffaloes were divided into three groups. Group I: six buffaloes were given 50% glucose at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight via the jugular vein. Group II: three buffaloes received normal saline. Group III: three buffaloes were not injected. Blood samples were taken from the opposite vein at 60 and 10 min pre-injection (pre60 and pre10), and at 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 and 420 min post-glucose injection (PGI). Plasma glucose was analyzed by the oxidase method. Insulin and glucagon were soon determined with a human radioimmunoassay kit. The insulin (pmol/l)/glucose (mmol/l) ratios (IGR) were also calculated for each sampling time. RESULTS: Mean plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations of buffaloes in groups II and III were similar at all the sampling times (p > 0.05) and the curves of the IGR for group II and group III were flat throughout. Group I Buffaloes showed an immediate 20 times increase in the mean plasma glucose concentration PGI, over the pre60 and pre10. The peak plasma insulin concentration occurred at 30 min PGI. The mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations remained above pre-administration levels until 420 min PGI (p < 0.05). However, the mean plasma glucagon concentrations were different only at 1 and 5 min PGI sampling times. The curve of the IGR for group I showed an initial decrease at 1 min PGI, and fluctuated from 10.18 to 25.55 for the remainder of the sampling period. The correlation analysis showed that the mean plasma glucose concentration was positively correlated with insulin level (r = 0.73, p < 0.005), and significantly negatively correlated with mean plasma glucagon (r = -0.58, p < 0.05). The mean plasma insulin level did not show significant correlation with the glucagon (r = 0.06, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The hyperglycemia, high insulin, and protracted glucose and insulin curves, the initial decrease in the insulin/glucose ratio indicates that there was an unexpected glucose tolerance to acute intravenous glucose loading in water buffalo compared with other ruminants. The possibly suggested intravenous glucose load in buffaloes is about 5.09-8.28 mmol/l.     

睾丸摘除对水牛血像和血液免疫功能指标的影响

选择６头健康、２～３岁、体重３００～４００ｋｇ雄性水牛,研究了睾丸摘除对血像和某些免疫功能指标的影响。结果表明：睾丸摘除后ＲＢＣ、ＰＣＶ、Ｈｂ、ＲＣＣ虽与摘除前比较有不同程度的变化,但差异均不显著;ＷＢＣ在睾丸摘除后１５ｄ内呈明显下降趋势,ＤＣ中的嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞（％）在摘除后１～４ｄ内降低或显著降低,而嗜中性粒细胞则显著升高,嗜碱性粒细胞摘除前后无明显变化;ＲＢＣ－ＣＲ１花环率和Ｂ－淋巴细胞（％）在摘除后１５ｄ内明显低于摘除前水平,ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率在摘除后第５天明显下降,以后又逐渐回升到摘除前水平,Ｔ－淋巴细胞变化与Ｂ－淋巴细胞相反;血清总蛋白（ＴＰ）、白蛋白（Ａ）分别在摘除２ｄ后和头２ｄ显著下降,以后ＴＰ在低水平上变动,而Ａ略有回升,球蛋白（Ｇ）、β－Ｇ和γ－Ｇ在摘除后头２ｄ内均明显升高,以后变化与摘除前水平比较差异不显著,α－Ｇ在摘除前后无明显变化。     

苏皖水牛肝片吸虫和前后盘吸虫感染情况的调查

苏皖两省１０县（市）共调查３０２农户的３０７头水牛,粪便学检查肝片吸虫阳性４３头,阳性率１４．０％,其中安徽的阳性率为１１．６１％（１８／１５５）,江苏阳性率为１６．４８％（２５／１５２）;母牛阳性率为１１．８％,公牛为１１．４％;前后盘吸虫阳性１７０头,阳性率为５５．４％（１７０／３０７）,其中安徽的阳性率为５８．１％（９０／１５５）;江苏的阳性为５２．６％（８０／１５２）,母牛的阳性率为６０．１％（１３７／２２８）,公牛的阳必国４１．８％（３３／７９）,两种吸虫的阳性率均呈现随年龄增加而提高的趋势,经统计学分析,两种吸虫的感染与地形无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,肝片吸虫的感染与性别、年龄亦无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,但对前后盘吸虫来说,感染与性别、年龄的差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。而各县间两种吸虫感染则有显著关     

Effect of Fasciola gigantica infection on adrenal and thyroid glands of riverine buffaloes

Effect of Fasciola gigantica infection on adrenal and thyroid glands was investigated using eight male, yearling Murrah buffaloes. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups of four buffaloes each (Group-A, infected; Group-B, non-infected control). Animals of Group-A were orally infected with 1000 F. gigantica viable metacercariae, keeping other four animals of Group-B as uninfected control. In the infected buffaloes, the clinical signs began appearing from 7th week postinfection (p.i.) and eggs were detected in the faeces between day 93 and 99 (95.5+/-1.25) postinfection (p.i.). The serum cortisol level, revealed a significant (P<0.05) rise during initial stage of the infection, followed by a continuous fall from 12th week onward. Peak cortisol level on 10th week (13.30+/-2.57ngml(-1)) was associated with eosinophilia (11.0+/-0.95%). However, non-infected controls maintained almost uniform cortisol levels (3.97+/-0.15-5.88+/-0.09ngml(-1)) throughout the period of the study. The pathological changes of adrenal glands were correlated with physiological dysfunction of the glands. The levels of T(3) and T(4) were significantly (P<0.05-0.01) low from 14th week onward and were synchronous with in situ migration, growth and development of F. gigantica. Significant reduction in the thyroid hormones was further supported by histopathological evidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis confirming hypothyroidism. A decrease in Hb, PCV, total erythrocyte counts and appearance of reticulocytes in the blood of the infected buffaloes suggested regenerative anemia, which could partly be due to hypothyroidism.     

The anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs

Forty-eight helminth-free lambs were divided into eight groups (A-H) of six animals. Groups A-G were infected artificially with 10,000 third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus and 20,000 third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, whereas group H remained uninfected. Thirty days post-infection the lambs were treated orally with a single dosage of one of the following products: group A with 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) of an aqueous ethanol extract (70%, v/v) of the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss syn. Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae); group B with 1 g/kg BW of a raw powder of the leaves of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Bromeliaceae); group C with 0.3 mg/kg BW of an aqueous ethanol extract of a 1:1 mixture (g/g) of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae) seeds and Embelia ribes Burm (Myrsinaceae) fruits; group D with 183 mg/kg BW of an aqueous ethanol extract of the whole plants of Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae); group E with 28 mg/kg BW of an aqueous ethanol extract of the seeds of Caesalpinia crista L. (Caesalpiniaceae); group F with 25 mg/kg BW of pyrantel tartrate and group G with 50% ethanol. Group H remained untreated. Only the ethanol extract of F. parviflora caused a strong reduction of the faecal egg counts (100%) and a 78.2 and 88.8% reduction of adult H. contortus and T. colubriformis on day 13 post-treatment. The extract was as effective as the reference compound pyrantel tartrate. Therefore, the ethanol extract itself or single constituents of F. parviflora could be a promising alternative source of anthelmintic for the treatment of gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in small ruminants.     

Effects of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) hay feeding on dry matter intake and milk production of Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) fed rice straw ad libitum

To identify the effects of field pea hay (FPH) as a supplement of rice straw (RS) on feed intake and milk production of mid‐late lactation buffaloes in Tarai, Nepal, nine multiparous Murrah were fed a concentrate at 0.6% of their bodyweight (BW) on a concentrate dry matter (DM) basis daily while having ad libitum access to RS. The buffaloes were divided into three groups, and the experiment with three levels of FPH feeding was conducted at the following rate of BW: 0% (T1), 0.5% (T2) and 1.0% (T3) on an FPH DM basis. The DM intake (DMI) was higher in T2 and T3 than in T1. As the amount of FPH was raised, the BW change, crude protein intake (CPI) and total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI) was increased. Although the yield of milk and milk composition did not differ among the treatments, the 7% fat corrected milk yield (FCMY) tended to increase as FPH feeding amount was raised. Although there were no significant differences in FCMY/DMI and FCMY/TDNI among the treatments, FCMY/CPI decreased with FPH feeding. Supplementary FPH increased DMI, CPI and TDNI that might have raised BW, and tended to improve FCMY in mid‐late lactating buffaloes as a result of an increase in TDNI.