杨树冰核细菌溃疡病寄主生理生化变化研究(Ⅱ)

感染冰核细菌溃疡病的杨树树皮的果胶质含量比健株略高.病株树皮游离脯氨酸含量在总体水平上要低于健株.病株的单糖含量在25℃以上气温时高于健株,在20℃以下气温时却低于健株;在双糖含量上,基本上是健康植株高于患病植株.在病情轻微的情况下,病株树皮的叶绿素含量要高于健株,但在病情较重的情况下,病害能破坏叶绿素.     

杨树上的冰核细菌及其在引起杨树冻害和诱发真菌溃疡病过程中的作用

在黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省的杨树上普遍存在着冰核活性（ＩＮＡ）细菌,经测定它们能在－４℃～－６℃温度下产生冰核活性。它们分属于３个属５个种或变种,即：菠萝泛生氏菌（ＰａｎｔｏｅａａｎａｎａｓＳｅｒａｎｏ１９２８）、噬夏孢子欧文氏菌（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａｕｒｅｄｏｖｏｒａ（Ｐｏｎｅｔａｌ．）Ｄｙｅ１９６３）、丁香假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅｐｖ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅＶａｎＨａｌ１９０２）、丁香假单胞菌流泪致病变种（Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅｐｖ．ｌａｃｈｒｙｍａｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ＆Ｂｒｙａｎ）Ｄｙｅ１９７８）和丁香假单胞菌未定变种（Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅｐｖｓ．）。自然条件下ＩＮＡ细菌增加了杨树的冻害;冻害的主要时期是在早春杨树萌芽阶段。在由真菌ＤｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａＳａｃｃ．引起的大斑型溃疡病病斑中分离到的ＩＮＡ细菌数量最多;而同一真菌引起的水泡型溃疡病病斑中分离到的ＩＮＡ细菌数量最少。在杨树干上接种ＩＮＡ细菌并经冷冻处理后,增加了Ｄ．ｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ的侵染,形成大斑型溃疡。证明冻伤和其它伤口是Ｄ．ｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ形成大斑型溃疡病斑的主要原因。提出了对ＩＮＡ细菌造成的杨树冻害和真菌性溃疡病进行综合     

杨树冰核细菌溃疡病发生主导因素的研究

通过对杨树感病寄主美×青Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｐｙｒａｍｉｄａｌｉｓ×Ｐ．ｃａｔｈａｙａｎａ分离培养冰核细菌，初步确定春优势种为欧文氏菌Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｓｐ．１个菌株，假单孢菌Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐｐ．３个菌株，室外杨树幼苗接种试验结果表明，冰核细菌引起杨树冻在，诱发肿茎溃疡病，是病害发生的主导因素。     

杨树冰核细菌溃疡病发病主导因素及防治技术(英文)

通过对杨树冰核细菌分离培养、活性测定和室内外接种试验,研究了冰核细菌的种类、分布、数量、致冻性和致病性,结果表明冰核活性(INA)细菌普遍存在于东北地区杨树上,在春秋季节霜冻条件下造成杨树冻害,是杨树冰核活性细菌溃疡病发生的主导因素。通过对不同杨树品种品评调查和人工接种试验,选出了适合东北不同地区的优良杨树抗病品种、品系。壮苗试验表明,将杨树插穗进行沙藏处理和地膜覆盖育苗可避免杨树霜冻害和旱害,减轻冰核细菌对杨树苗木的侵染,又能提高苗木的生长。利用强冰核活性细菌专化性抗血清技术,采用环状界面凝集法可早期检测杨树冰核细菌溃疡病。采用链霉素等诱导剂浸泡杨树插穗进行育苗,有明显的诱导抗病效果。在早春杨树萌芽前喷洒防冻保护剂对该病有一定防治效果。     

杨树冰核细菌溃疡病发生主导因素的研究

通过对杨树感病寄主美×青Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｐｙｒａｍｉｄａｌｉｓ×Ｐ．ｃａｔｈａｙａｎａ分离培养冰核细菌，初步确定其优势种为欧文氏菌Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａｓｐ．１个菌株，假单孢菌Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐｐ．３个菌株，室外杨树幼苗接种试验结果表明，冰核细菌引起杨树冻害，诱发肿茎溃疡病，是病害发生的主导因素。     

北方杨树上冰核活性细菌的研究

从辽宁省、黑龙江省及北京市的杨树不同部位及干部溃疡类病害的病斑上分离到大量细菌。约有６０％左右的菌株在－３．５～６℃具有冰核活性。其中，从树干冻伤部位分离的细菌数量最多，冰核活性细菌的比例也最高；由Ｄｏｔｈｅｏｒｅｌｌａ ｇｒｅｇａｒｉａＳａｃｃ，引起的大型溃疡病病斑上也分离到较多的冰核活性细菌。用干部大型溃疡斑上分离到的１个冰核活性较强菌株和叶部分离１个冰核活性强的菌株，在人工霜箱中测定，可使     

杨树冰核细菌溃疡病流行规律的研究(英文)

利用相关性分析和主成分分析的方法,分析了冰核细菌溃疡病发生特点与环境条件的之间的关系,选出了影响杨树病害发生的主要影响因子。同时综合分析病害流行的主因和诱因,提出东北地区杨树冰核细菌溃疡病危险等级划分标准,并将东北地区分为重发区、常发区、偶发区和安全区4个不同等级冰核细菌溃疡病发生区。6种模型曲线的非线性回归分析表明,冰核细菌溃疡病流行的时间动态以理查德生长模型为最优生长模型。运用逐步回归分析方法,建立了多元线性的中期预报方程,可以预测第二年的病情指数。根据病情指数随时间增长的趋势,选用灰色方法建立GM(1,1)数学模型,可做出中长期预报。     

欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的寄主范围调查及其寄主抗性物质的初步分析

[目的]为明确欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的寄主范围、欧美杨抗性品种及其可能的抗性活性物质.[方法]通过田间接种方法开展欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的寄主范围、杨树品系抗性调查,并利用高效液相色谱分析杨树抗感品种树皮中活性物质含量及其染病前后含量变化情况,同时利用抑菌实验验证潜在抗性物质的活性.[结果]研究发现欧美杨细菌性溃疡病主要危...     

杨树冰核活性细菌溃疡病的病理和生理机制(英文)

在1997-1999年间,利用Bier, X.H、波钦诺克、王敬文、史瑞和等人的研究方法,分别对不同品种杨树如:美×青、A100、小黑14、黑小2、613、北京605等接种冰核活性细菌,并对接种前后树皮含水量、相对膨胀度、木质素、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、电解质渗出率以及无机元素等进行了测定。结果表明:冰核细菌溃疡病发生后,树皮含水率降低,而膨胀度(RT值)升高;树皮内电解质渗出率增加,而在-4 C和5 C时渗出率最高;木质素的含量也有所增加,且与品种的抗病性呈正相关;苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性也有所增加,且与品种的抗病性呈正相关;Cu、Fe含量显著下降,K、Zn含量显著增加,但Mn、Ca、Mg含量变化不大。     

杨树细菌溃疡病的研究概况

杨树细菌溃疡病的研究概况刘晓光，高克祥（河北林学院林学系保定０７１０００）关键词杨树，细菌溃疡，研究进展中图分类号Ｓ７６３．１３ＲＥＶＩＥＷＯＮＴＨＥＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＬＣＡＮＫＥＲＯＦＰＯＰＬＡＲＬｉｕＸｉａｏｇｕａｎｇＧａｏＫｅｘｉａｎｇ（Ｆｏｒｅ...     

大小年毛竹林中内源激素节律变化特征的研究

运用酶联免疫测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,对大小年毛竹林一个大小年生长发育周期中,不同生长发育时期竹叶、竹秆、竹鞭、鞭梢中内源激素（ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ）含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明：（１）大小年毛竹林鞭竹系统中任一器官中ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３含量的变化趋势一致,ＡＢＡ含量的变化趋势与ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３的相背。（２）立竹的内源激素节律变化,具相对独立性,竹叶、竹秆中内源激素含量的变化具同步性,ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ含量各出现两个峰值和两个低值;ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３大小年年均含量大年高小年低,ＡＢＡ则相反。（３）鞭梢中ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ含量变化也具相对独立性,出现二个峰值和二个低值;ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ大小年年均含量基本相当。（４）竹鞭中内源激素的节律变化具整体性,分别是四个峰值和四个低值;ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ大小年年均含量基本相当。毛竹大小年的形成是由毛竹林鞭竹系统的整体性结构和立竹个体的生长节律及植物内源激素的调控作用共同决定的。     

三种杨树扦插生根期间内源激素水平的比较研究

用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）和气相色谱（ＧＣ）法，分析银白杨、毛白根和山杨的对照、ＮＡＡ处理和ＮＡＡ＋ＢＡ处理硬枝插穗（芽、皮）的内源ＡＢＡ、ＩＡＡ和玉米素含量在扦插生根期间的变化。试验表明，硬枝扦插生根是潜伏根原基存在与否和皮部内源激素平衡两方面的原因决定的。银白杨皮部的ＩＡＡ／ＡＢＡ比值和玉米素含量高，潜伏根原基有迅速恢复生长的条件，能自发生根成活。毛白杨的ＩＡＡ／ＡＢＡ比值和玉米素含量都低，需     

落叶松幼苗顶芽萌发过程中内源激素含量的变化

对落叶松幼苗项芽萌发过程中内源激素含量变化的研究结果表明：吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉酸(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)在项芽或新梢中含量较高，而新梢形成期幼苗根中IAA、GA3及ZR含量均显著高于其它时期的幼苗，而其ABA含量则与其它时期幼苗无显著差别；项芽将萌发期幼苗叶片中的IAA、GA1及ZR含量高于其它幼苗。     

杜仲树皮含胶特性的个体变异规律

采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法,对杜仲皮含胶特性的个体变异规律及其与若干宏观性状的相关性进行了系统研究。结果表明,不同无性系的胸径、树皮厚度、树皮含胶率的差异均达到了极显著水平。杜仲无性系树皮的含胶率与木栓层厚度和木栓层占树皮厚度的百分比呈极显著的负相关关系,与胸径的大小呈显著的负相关关系。胸径生长量越大,木栓层越厚,杜仲胶的积累相对越少;杜仲胶密度与树皮含胶率和树皮密度呈极显著的正相关关系。     

银杏树中黄酮类化合物分布规律研究

采用醇提法对银杏树不同部位黄酮类化合物进行提取,并利用紫外分光光度法对银杏树中黄酮类化合物含量进行了测定,对其分布规律进行了分析研究.结果表明银杏树中黄酮类化合物分布分别为:枝桠材中含0.035mg/g左右,主干材中含0.018mg/g左右,根材中含0.014mg/g左右;枝桠皮中含0.41mg/g左右,主干皮中含0.26mg/g左右,根皮中含0.12mg/g左右,苗木中含0.12mg/g左右.测定结果表明,不同部位的木材的黄酮类化合物含量有差异,从根部到枝桠再到叶,黄酮类化合物含量在增大.     

黄柏、杉木混交林林分生物量及黄檗碱含量

为了给黄柏、杉木混交林的营造和经营利用提供理论依据和实践指导,对湘西低山区的黄柏、杉木混交林的生物量和黄檗碱含量进行了研究。结果表明:黄柏、杉木的生物量与胸径、树高均呈正相关,且黄柏、杉木生物量与胸径的相关系数大于与树高的相关系数,因此在经营管理时,应适时间伐以增大其胸径,进而提高林分生物量和生产力;黄柏地上部分干皮和枝皮生物量占68%,根皮生物量占32%,且根皮中黄檗碱含量比干皮高50.7%,在经营时应考虑根皮的利用,以获取最大经济效益。     

Heartwood, sapwood and bark content of teak trees grown in Karnataka, India

We evaluated heartwood, sapwood and bark content in teak trees. A total of 27 sample plots were laid out in teak plantations raised by State Forest Department in Karnataka covering different age groups...     

Exploitation of polyphenol-rich pine barks for potent antioxidant activity

The phenolic composition of pine bark from a variety of Pinus species was estimated by measuring Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin, and a 1% NaOH extract. Polyphenol contents of hot water extracts from pine bark were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the vanillin-H₂SO₄ assay. Among the pine bark varieties investigated, Pinus radiata bark showed the highest polyphenol content and potent antioxidant activity. Pinus rigida bark was also a usable polyphenol-rich source, whereas Pinus densiflora bark had a low yield (5.1%) of hot water extract, although it showed potent antioxidant activity. Correlations between proanthocyanidin content in pine bark and antioxidant activity were observed. The results suggested that proanthocyanidin was the crucial contributor to potent antioxidant activity in pine bark. The publication of this article was made possible by an Emachu Research Fund. The authors are grateful for the fund.     

Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of Phellodendron amurense in Northeast China

Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr.The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark,perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of the trees with different ages and geographies in Northeast China were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.The contents of palmatine in the barks of root, trunk, and perennial branch were significantly higher than those in annual branches and leaves. The contents of palmatine in trunk bark and root bark from Lesser Khingan Mountains increased with age, which is significantly opposite to other three vegetation types. The contents of palmatine in perennial branch bark, annual bark and leaves had no significant regularity. Moreover, the contents of palmatine in samples of root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark and annual bark varied significantly with latitude. The nature populations of P. amurense growing at low latitude contained significantly more palmatine than those growing at high latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient utilization of P. amurense.     

Water content and bark thickness of Norway spruce (Picea abies) stems: phloem water capacitance and xylem sap flow

To determine the relationship between phloem transport and changes in phloem water content, we measured temporal and spatial variations in water content and sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations in phloem samples and phloem exudates of 70- and 30-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Large temporal and spatial variations in phloem water content (1.4-2.6 mg mg(dw)(-1)) and phloem total sugar concentration (31-70 mg g(dw)(-1)) paralleled each other (r(2) = 0.83, P < 0.0001 for the temporal profile and r(2) = 0.96, P < 0.008 for the spatial profile), indicating that phloem water content depends on the total amount of sugar to be transferred. Changes in phloem water content were unrelated to changes in bark thickness. Maximum changes in phloem water content calculated from dendrometer readings were only 8-11% of the maximum measured changes in phloem water content, indicating that reversible changes in bark thickness did not reflect changes in internal water relations. We also studied the relationship between xylem sap velocity and changes in bark thickness in 70-year-old trees during summer 1999 and winter 1999-2000. Sap flow occurred sporadically throughout the winter, but there was no relationship between bark shrinkage or swelling and sap velocity. In winter, mean daily xylem sap velocity was significantly correlated with mean daily vapor pressure deficit and air temperature (P < 0.0001, in both cases). Changes in bark thickness corresponded with both short- and long-term changes in relative humidity, in both winter and summer. Under controlled conditions at > 0 degrees C, changes in relative humidity alone caused changes in thickness of boiled bark samples. Because living bark of Norway spruce trees contains large areas with crushed and dead sieve cell zones-up to 24% of the bark is air-filled space-we suggest that this space can compensate for volume changes in living phloem cells independently of total tissue water content. We conclude that changes in bark thickness are not indicative of changes in either phloem water capacitance or xylem sap flow.