成都平原水旱轮作田常见根结线虫调查

调查四川省成都平原地区水旱轮作田根结线虫发生情况及种类分布,为水旱轮作田根结线虫的防治提供依据。对成都平原15个县(市、区)28个乡(镇)共159块水旱轮作田的土样进行根结线虫普遍率调查,利用线虫ITS通用引物和8对根结线虫特异性引物对其中检出率高的地区重新采集的土样进行根结线虫种类分子鉴定。结果表明,成都平原水旱轮作田根结线虫平均检出率为40.25%。重新采集的土样共鉴定出5种根结线虫:拟禾谷根结线虫Meloidogyne graminicola、花生根结线虫M. arenaria、南方根结线虫M. incognita、北方根结线虫M. hapla和爪哇根结线虫M. javanica,各线虫的检出率分别为40.91%、34.09%、13.64%、13.64%和2.27%,其中29.55%的样品由2种以上根结线虫混合侵染。拟禾谷根结线虫和花生根结线虫为该地区优势种群。     

芹菜根结线虫病的为害及其防控对策

对福建省龙岩市新罗区芹菜根结线虫病原进行了调查鉴定。结果显示,新罗区芹菜根结线虫包括南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)。其中,南方根结线虫为优势种群。测定了根结线虫病对产量的影响,根结严重度达4级以上可以引起显著的产量损失;提出了对芹菜根结线虫病的防控对策。     

海南岛葫芦科蔬菜根结线虫危害性调查与种类鉴定初报

对海南11个市县的葫芦科蔬菜进行根结线虫危害性调查,结果显示,大部分地区发病率在50%以上;其中琼中腰子、澄迈长安和琼中营根主产菜区的病情指数分别达到了47.12、47.14和40,已造成严重损失。采自海南11个县市5种葫芦科蔬菜24个根结线虫种群经单卵块纯化培养,运用形态学和同工酶的方法对其进行种类鉴定,结果表明,南方根结线虫占总数的79.17%,爪哇根结线虫占总数的12.5%,根结线虫疑似新种或新纪录种占总数的8.3%。南方根结线虫是危害海南葫芦科蔬菜的优势种。     

山药根结线虫病的发生与综合防治研究

调查研究结果表明,山药根结线虫病病原是根结线虫属(Meloidogyne)的多种根结线虫的混合群体,主要为花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)、南方根结线虫(M.incognita)和爪哇根结线虫(M.jauanica)。发病情况与山药品种、土壤质地、种植年限、山药栽子带病情况等因素有关。防治应采取综合防治的方法。     

海南省白木香根结线虫的为害性调查与初步鉴定

2009～2010年对海南省13个市(县)白木香[Aquilaria sinensis (Lour) Gilg]根结线虫种类及其发病情况进行了调查.利用形态特征对海南省白木香根结线虫病病原线虫进行了鉴定.结果表明,海南省根结线虫发生的种类为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incogni)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria).其中南方根结线虫是为害海南省白木香的优势种群.调查结果还表明,在海南的白木香普遍受到根结线虫的为害,其中那大东城、海口演丰、五指山、万宁兴隆和东方大广坝农场的病情指数分别达到了70、72、78、71和73,已造成严重的经济损失.     

广西根结线虫种类调查

从广西南宁、柳州、桂林、钦州等地区采集的35号植物根结线虫病标本,按照国际根结线虫协作组(IMP)综合鉴定方法,对种每根结线虫病的病原线虫进行分类鉴定,其结果如下:来自南宁的穗状鸡冠花、胡椒、雍菜、胡罗卜、芭蕉芋、鸡蛋果、芜荽(香菜)、苋莱、茄子、吉庆果,萝芙木、桅子根结线虫病的病原都属南方根结线虫(Meloidog- yne incognita)1号小种.凤仙花、辣椒、雍菜、番茄、美登木根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica).甜叶菊、姜根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是花生根结线虫(M.ar- enaria)1号小种.罗汉果、丝瓜、红麻根线虫病的病原有一种是爪哇根结线虫,另结一种是花生根结线虫1号小种.来自柳州的吉庆果、四季海棠的根结线虫病的病原是爪哇根结线虫.黄麻、黄穗苋的根结线虫病的病原是南方根结线1号小种.红穗苋和独头鸡冠花的病原一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫.来自桂林的罗汉果、黄麻、柳树根结线虫病的病原一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫.荷包豆根结线虫的病原是南方根结线虫1号小种.来自合浦的花生根结线虫病的病原是花生根结线虫1号小种.浦北的芹菜根结线虫病的病原一种是南方根结线虫1号小种     

甘肃陇南重要生产品种‘中梁27’抗条锈特点分析及其利用价值

运用比较形态学、同工酶和 mtDNA-PCR 对采自海南岛9个市县的南药根结线虫进行种类鉴定,结果发现有南方根结线虫、象耳豆根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫、花生根结线虫和西班牙根结线虫等5种根结线虫危害海南岛南药。5种根结线虫均能在海巴戟上寄生与危害,而南方根结线虫寄主非常广泛,可危害大多数调查的药用植物。     

海南岛南药根结线虫种类鉴定

运用比较形态学、同工酶和mtDNA-PCR对采自海南岛9个市县的南药根结线虫进行种类鉴定,结果发现有南方根结线虫、象耳豆根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫、花生根结线虫和西班牙根结线虫等5种根结线虫危害海南岛南药。5种根结线虫均能在海巴戟上寄生与危害,而南方根结线虫寄主非常广泛,可危害大多数调查的药用植物。     

根结线虫种群的线粒体DNA分析

 在同工酶和形态学鉴定的基础上,利用引物#C2F3和#1108对42个根结线虫种群线粒体DNA (mtDNA)中的COⅡ和LrRNA间区域进行特异性PCR扩增,35个种群的扩增产物约为1.7kb,其中29个是南方根结线虫,6个是爪哇根结线虫;3个花生根结线虫种群的扩增产物约为1.1kb;1个种群的扩增产物约为0.7kb,为根结线虫属在中国的新记录种;3个北方根结线虫种群的扩增产物约为0.5kb。用单条2龄幼虫提取物作模板得到的结果与大量提取DNA作模板的结果相同。为了区分产生相同大小片段的南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫,用限制性内切酶HinfⅠ对扩增产物进行酶切,结果表明:所有供试的南方根结线虫都可以被HinfⅠ酶切,且产生约1.3和0.4kb的2个限制性片段;但供试的爪哇根结线虫种群不能被酶切。由此表明,利用mtDNA PCR及酶切实验可以作为快速而准确地鉴定常见根结线虫的方法。     

中国南方稻田及其周边环境根结线虫种类鉴定

为了解根结线虫在中国南方稻区的分布和种类, 从15个省(直辖市/自治区)采集1 181份土样, 经生物测定发现312份土样中种植的水稻或番茄幼苗根系会产生根结, 阳性总检出率为26.42%。利用线虫特异性引物从171份阳性样品中鉴定出6种根结线虫:拟禾本科根结线虫Meloidogyne graminicola、北方根结线虫M.hapla、花生根结线虫M.arenaria、爪哇根结线虫M.javanica、象耳豆根结线虫M.enterolobii和南方根结线虫M.incognita, 分别占鉴定总样品数的88.89%、41.52%、29.82%、10.53%、4.09%和3.51%。被1、2、3、4、5、6种根结线虫混合侵染的土样比例分别为42.11%、41.52%、12.87%、2.92%、0.58%和0, 其中最常见的为拟禾本科根结线虫单独侵染(34.50%)、拟禾本科根结线虫与北方根结线虫(22.81%)或花生根结线虫(13.45%)混合侵染。本研究结果将为制定相应的传播阻断策略和防控措施提供参考。     

茶苗根结线虫病研究

 茶苗根结线虫病主要发生于一、二年生实生苗上,重病地发病率可达100%,死苗率在50%以上。据在浙江省的不完全调查,已知有18个县(市)发现此病。病原线虫经初步鉴定,主要为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)与花生根结线虫(M.arenaria),而爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)与泰晤士根结线虫(M.thamesi)均少见。试验表明,杭州茶区病原线虫一年发生不完整8代,大约20~30天完成一代,世代重叠明显。     

Control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Hungary1

Under Hungarian climatic conditions, root-knot nematodes, and other phytoparasitic nematodes, generally cause damage in certain plant growing areas. These pests are present in glasshouses throughout the country. In the field the nematodes occur in sandy soil in the vegetable-growing areas of southern and central Hungary. The following species of root-knot nematodes have so far been reported to occur in Hungary: Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. javanica, M. incognita acrita, M. thamesi and M. naasi. There are 10 specific nematicides registered for nematode control in the country. These chemicals are mainly applied in glasshouses where their use produces most economic return. Nematoderesistant cultivars are only available in the case of tomato. The nematodes cause the heaviest damage on glasshouse cucumber.     

甘肃省白银市保护地蔬菜根结线虫病病原鉴定

2012年5月-7月在甘肃省白银市采集了番茄、黄瓜、豇豆等几种保护地蔬菜的25个根结线虫群体.直接解剖获得雌虫,通过雌虫会阴花纹观察,结合酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH-EST)测定,鉴定出所收集的25个群体中有16个为南方根结线虫[Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid&White)],9个为爪哇根结线虫[M.javanica (Treub)].南方根结线虫为优势种群,本次试验也是首次在甘肃省发现爪哇根结线虫.     

象耳豆根结线虫的PCR鉴定和检测方法

 象耳豆根结线虫是一种在中国具有潜在经济重要性的农作物病原物。为提供有助于控制象耳豆根结线虫传播扩散的方法,研制了该线虫的快速PCR鉴定和检测法。该方法PCR引物的扩增目标为rDNA-IGS2区域,其设计依据象耳豆根结线虫与南方、爪哇、花生和北方根结线虫在该区域核酸序列的差异。通过对6种近似根结线虫的不同地理群体及自然土壤线虫群体的测试,验证了设计的PCR引物针对象耳豆根结线虫的特异性和可靠性。本方法具有快速灵敏的特点,可用于象耳豆根结线虫单条线虫的直接鉴定以及混合土壤线虫群体中象耳豆根结线虫的检测。     

用PhastSystem电泳仪快速鉴定根结线虫种类

 应用瑞典Pharmacia Biotech.公司开发的全自动快速水平电泳仪(PhastSystem)进行酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶电泳,对云南省烟草和观赏植物一串红上的根结线虫进行快速鉴定,得出4种根结线虫:花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)、南方根结线虫(M.incognita)和北方根结线虫(M.hapla)。文章提供电泳方法,认为PhastSystem电泳仪是根结线虫种类快速鉴定的理想设备。     

Meloidogyne virulence locus molecular marker for characterization of selected mi-virulent populations of Meloidogyne spp. is correlated with several genera of betaproteobacteria

Resistance to root-knot nematodes in tomato is conferred by the Mi resistance gene to the three most important species of Meloidogyne: M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Nevertheless, the Mi gene is unable to inhibit the reproduction of selected and naturally Mi-virulent populations of root-knot nematodes. As pathogenicity assays are time consuming, molecular markers were developed for the easy identification of Mi-virulent populations of Meloidogyne. The sequence characterized amplified region-Meloidogyne virulence locus (MVC) molecular marker is reported to differentiate Mi-avirulent and naturally Mi-virulent from selected Mi-virulent populations. This marker was used to compare acquired virulence in populations of M. javanica from Spain. The original populations used to develop the MVC marker were included as control for reference. Results showed that this marker did not amplify genomic DNA extracted from single juveniles or females of any of the populations tested either from Spain or Japan. In silico analyses performed with the recently published complete genome of M. incognita, indicated that the MVC marker is not correlated to a MVC or to any eukaryotic organism but to several betaproteobacteria genus from the family Comamonadaceae.     

我国烟草根结线虫病发生与防治研究进展

 烟草根结线虫病是一种严重影响烟叶产量和质量的重要病害之一。近年来,随着烟叶种植布局的优化调整以及大气温室效应的影响,烟草根结线虫病在全国各烟区的危害逐年加重,因此必须加强对烟草根结线虫病的发生与防治研究。本文详细综述了我国烟草根结线虫病的发生分布、危害损失、致病机制、发病规律及防治措施等研究进展,并对烟草根结线虫的鉴定技术、协同致病、抗病育种以及新型防控技术进行了总结和展望。明确了我国烟草根结线虫病优势种为南方根结线虫,并且多种根结线虫混发的现象逐步增加。同时,发现由烟草根结线虫病诱发的多种其他根茎类病害的危害逐年加重。通过加强烟草根结线虫发生动态监测、合理布局抗病品种、应用针对性的农业防治、生态防治和生物防治等综合防治措施,可以逐步实现对烟草根结线虫病的绿色防控,从而促进烟草产业的健康发展。     

Histological Characterization of Resistance to Different Root-Knot Nematode Species Related to Phenolics Accumulation in Capsicum annuum

ABSTRACT In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species.