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迁飞性重大农业入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)于2019年入侵贵州省黔东南地区。深入研究害虫的天敌发生情况有利于发掘和利用天敌资源开展生物防治工作。本文将贵州省黔东南地区采集的被寄生卵块和幼虫置于实验室条件下饲育,利用DNA条形码技术鉴定羽化出的天敌昆虫。共鉴定出5种寄生性天敌昆虫,其中卵寄生蜂为夜蛾黑卵蜂Telenomus remus,幼虫寄生蜂为菜粉蝶盘绒茧蜂Cotesia glomerata和半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum,幼虫寄生蝇为厉寄蝇属寄生蝇Lydella sp.和日本追寄蝇Exorista japonica。另外,还发现了两种寄生于菜粉蝶盘绒茧蜂的重寄生蜂,分别为弯沟啮小蜂属寄生蜂Baryscapus sp.和吉氏金小蜂Nasonia giraulti。本文的发现为筛选防治草地贪夜蛾的优势天敌奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Anaïs Chailleux Emily K Mohl Mickaël Teixeira Alves Gerben J Messelink Nicolas Desneux 《Pest management science》2014,70(12):1769-1779
Understanding how arthropod pests and their natural enemies interact in complex agroecosystems is essential for pest management programmes. Theory predicts that prey sharing a predator, such as a biological control agent, can indirectly reduce each other's density at equilibrium (apparent competition). From this premise, we (i) discuss the complexity of indirect interactions among pests in agroecosystems and highlight the importance of natural enemy‐mediated indirect interactions other than apparent competition, (ii) outline factors that affect the nature of enemy‐mediated indirect interactions in the field and (iii) identify the way to manipulate enemy‐mediated interactions for biological control. We argue that there is a need to increase the link between community ecology theory and biological control to develop better agroecological methods of crop protection via conservation biological control. In conclusion, we identify (i) interventions to be chosen depending on agroecosystem characteristics and (ii) several lines of research that will improve the potential for enemy‐mediated indirect interactions to be applied to biological control. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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小菜蛾的天敌类群及其利用现状 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文介绍了小菜蛾Plutella xylostella的天类群包括寄生性天敌、捕食性天敌和病原微生物、原虫、线虫等共约97种,并对利用天敌进行生物防治的现状作了概述。 相似文献
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三个柽柳林地取食柽柳的植食性天敌昆虫优势类群组成相同,主要由瘿螨科(:Efiophyidae)、瘿蚊科(Ceeidomyiidae)、盾蚧科(Diaspididae)、杂斑木虱科(Aphalaridae)、叶蝉科(Cieadellidae)、盲蝽科(Miridae)、象甲科(Cureulionidae)、叶甲科(Chrysomelidae)、麦蛾科(Geleehiidae)等类群组成。其中大部分科仅由某一种或某一属组成。位于温暖气候区的大河沿林地虽然面积最小,但植食性昆虫科的总数量、丰富度(中、后期)、多样性指数N1和N2(中、后期)等参数均高于寒冷区的其他两林地。同位于寒冷地区的阜康和呼图壁林地,面积较大的阜康林地的昆虫群落除均匀度在各季节时期显著高于呼图壁外,其他如总科数、Hill系列多样性参数、丰富度等与面积较小的呼图壁林地无显著差异。 相似文献
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云南甘蔗害虫天敌及其自然控制作用 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
本文简述了云南蔗区甘蔗主要害虫天敌资源及其对害虫的自然控制作用。在云南蔗田内 ,控制甘蔗害虫发生的生物因子主要的可分为捕食性和寄生性两大类。合理保护利用天敌 ,充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然调控作用 ,这对保护生态环境 ,维护蔗田生态平衡 ,提高害虫综合治理水平 ,促进蔗糖业可持续发展均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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笋用竹害虫天敌资源研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了浙江省笋用竹害虫天敌资源调查的结果,共查明天敌资源44种,经鉴定属于螳螂目1科2种,半翅目1科2种,蛇蛉目1科1种,脉翅目1科2种,鞘翅目2科9种,双翅目2科2种,膜翅目9科22种;蛛形纲蜱螨目1科1种,蜘蛛目3科3种,指出了天敌的寄主和分布。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Turfgrass management practices, especially the use of chemical pesticides, may be detrimental to beneficial arthropods such as predators and decomposers. However, little is known about the impact of other practices or pest control products on these beneficials. The impact of four different management regimes, consisting of synthetic pesticide cover sprays or combinations of more targeted applications of natural pesticides, on selected groups of non‐targeted arthropods in lawns of different age was studied over 3 years. The short‐term effect of diazinon and carbaryl on Carabidae and Collembola was also evaluated. RESULTS: Formicidae and Araneae were the most abundant taxa at both sites, representing 74–80% of total captures. With a few short‐term exceptions, no persistent and significant difference between turfgrass management regimes on arthropod abundance was observed over the 3 year study. Diazinon and carbaryl significantly reduced Carabidae abundance, but only one year out of three, while Collembola abundance was only transiently affected by carbaryl application in 2003. CONCLUSION: The study showed that practices and products used in the four management regimes did not disrupt the populations of specific groups of arthropods. These results provide useful information to professionals for the development of ecological turf practices to maintain beneficial arthropod abundance and diversity in urban landscapes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Lacewings and lady beetles represent two important groups of natural enemies for pest control. Kaolin is used in various crop ecosystems to reduce abiotic plant stressors and pest colonization. Compatible methods aimed at reducing abiotic and biotic plant stressors are desired in crop management systems. Therefore, this work evaluated the development and survival of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae of different ages treated with kaolin at three different concentrations (ca. 60, 80, and 100 g/L) and prey consumption when treated with kaolin at a field rate of 60 g/L. The prey used were the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Survival rates and development durations for E. connexa larvae topically treated with kaolin at different ages were similar to those for untreated larvae. However, larvae of C. externa reduced survival and delayed development when treated with kaolin concentrations greater than the recommended field rate. Otherwise, kaolin treatments did not affect prey consumption by larvae and adults of both predator species. 相似文献
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柽柳有效天敌昆虫筛选标准的建立 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
参照前人对杂草天敌筛选标准、植物与昆虫互作理论和近年来对柽柳原产地主要天敌生物学特性的研究结果,制定出柽柳天敌遴选量化标准,共计10项特征,满分为47分。并以此对取食柽柳的12种天敌进行了筛选。柽柳条叶甲得分最高(43分),其次是斯氏伞锥象(41分),推荐这2种天敌昆虫作为首选天敌引入美国做进一步评价。 相似文献
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Rebecca H Hallett Christine A Bahlai Yingen Xue Arthur W Schaafsma 《Pest management science》2014,70(6):879-888
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由于农业集约化生产引起的非作物生境减少和农业化学品的过量使用减弱了农田生态系统中害虫天敌的自然控制作用。合理而有效地利用显花植物可以为害虫天敌提供食物来源和庇护场所,从而能有效地提高天敌对害虫的自然控制能力、减少化学农药的使用量。本文综述了显花植物对天敌种群的促进作用及其在果园、蔬菜和粮食作物等害虫防治中应用的最新进展,同时对进一步利用显花植物提高农业生态系统稳定性的发展方向进行了讨论。 相似文献
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甘蔗害虫优势天敌及其保护利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对7种甘蔗害虫优势天敌的寄生捕食特点及其保护利用进行了探讨和综述。云南蔗区甘蔗害虫种类多,天敌资源十分丰富。全省甘蔗害虫天敌达283种之多,其中,具有保护利用价值和研究意义的优势种主要有:寄生甘蔗螟虫Sesamia inferens Walker的赤眼蜂Thichogramma、螟黄足绒茧蜂Apanteles flavipes(Cameron)和大螟拟丛毛寄蝇Sturmiopsis in- ferens Townsend;捕食甘蔗绵蚜Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner的大突肩瓢虫Synonycha grandis (Thunberg)、双带盘瓢虫Lemnia biplagiata(Swartz)、六斑月瓢虫Chilomenes sexmaculata(Fabri- cius)和绿线食蚜螟Thiallela sp.;捕食甘蔗粉蚧Saccharicoccus sacchari(Cocherell)、Dysmicoc- cus boninsis Kuwana和蔗头象虫Trochorhopalus humeralis Chevrolat Diocalandra sp.的黄足肥螋Eu- borellia pallipes Shiraki等。还有一种寄生菌-白僵菌Beauvria sp.,在自然界中分布十分广泛,可寄生蔗螟、蔗龟Exolontha serrulata(Gyllenhal)Alissonotum impressicolle Arrow、蔗头象虫、蛀茎象虫Otidognathus rubriceps Chevrolat等多种甘蔗害虫,其自然寄生率一般在10%左右,对甘蔗害虫具有一定的自然抑制作用。合理保护利用天敌,充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然调控作用,这对保护生态环境,维护蔗田生态平衡,提高害虫综合治理水平,促进蔗糖业可持续发展均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Daniel Blumberg 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(5):411-448
This review summarizes the current knowledge on the distribution, natural history, economic importance and management of 16
major species of date palm pests in Israel. Another 15, rarely occurring, pest species are also identified. Research on the
date palm pests in Israel was initiated against a background of severe outbreaks of scale insects in the late 1950s. These
outbreaks were caused mainly by unrestrained use of organophosphates. This situation led to the gradual development of an
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program, which was implemented first against scale insects and later against fruit pests.
The IMP approach resulted in successful control of the scale insects, up to the present, whereas agrotechnical and crop management
procedures, including covering the fruit bunches with plastic nets and early harvesting of several date cultivars, were successfully
applied to achieve efficient control of the fruit moths. In addition, the use of chemical compounds in date plantations was
drastically reduced and restricted to heavy foci of pest infestation. In time, microbial control, mainly application ofBacillus thuringiensis products against the lesser date moth, and the use of pheromone traps for monitoring and controlling red palm weevil, enabled
further reductions in the use of synthetic insecticides. The overall change in pest management also significantly improved
the preservation of natural enemies of the pests in the plantations. Whereas in the 1950s the major problems were caused by
the parlatoria date scale and the green scale, in the early 2000s the key pests in date plantations in Israel are the lesser
date moth and sap beetles in most of the date-growing areas, and spider mites which are restricted to the Arava Valley. Future
management of the first two of these pests should rely on an improved monitoring system and integration of pheromone application
for reduction of the population and damage. Efforst should be made to prevent the red palm weevil, which currently is a potential
pest, from becoming an actual key pest in date plantations. 相似文献
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J⊘rgen Aagaard Axelsen Bo Svenning Petersen Idrissa Halidou Maiga Abdoulaye Niassy Kemo Badji Zakaria Ouambama 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):99-112
We present a simulation study of the role of birds and egg pod predators in the population dynamics of the Senegalese grasshopper. The model was an energetics-driven ecosystem model that included a natural Sahelian grass, millet, grasshoppers, the egg pod predators bombyliidae and Tenebrionidae, and 24 species of birds that prey on grasshopper nymphs and adults. The model simulated the rain-dependent dynamics and migration along a five-location south–north transect in Niger and Senegal, and the main outputs were the grasshopper pressure on the transect, measured as accumulated transect grasshopper days, and the density of eggs ready to emerge the following rainy season. The model was calibrated using observations from transects in Niger (2003, 2004) and Senegal (2004). When input data from Niger 2003 and 2004 were applied, simulated reductions in grasshopper pressure during the rainy season from egg pod predators and birds, respectively, were within a range of 18–25%, but taken together the overall reduction in grasshopper pressure ranged between 35 and 37%. Using input from Senegal (2004) the birds accounted for reductions of around 25%. When the impact of the natural enemies was measured in terms of reduction in the density of eggs hatching the following year, the simulated impact of the egg pod predators ranged between 45 and 83% and that of the birds between 33 and 39%, and the two groups combined caused reductions between 60 and 75%. Analyses of the sensitivity to the bird species, added one by one, showed ‘predator saturation’ along the Niger transects (with low grasshopper density) but not along the Senegal transect. For Niger, the sensitivity analyses revealed Cattle Egret, Grey-headed Sparrow, Chestnut-bellied Starling, Buffalo Weaver, Sudan Golden Sparrow, Grey Hornbill, Red-billed Hornbill and Abyssinian Roller to be the most important individual species. For Senegal the top-five individual bird species were Village Weaver, Buffalo Weaver, Savile's Bustard, Grey-headed Sparrow and Abyssinian Roller. 相似文献
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生物防治在害虫治理中的作用日益凸显,捕食性天敌对害虫猎物的捕食作用作为生物防治的主要组成部分,其捕食效果评价不可或缺。定性或定量评价捕食性天敌的控害作用是生物防治研究的一项重要内容。传统的捕食性定量方法研究大都局限于室内开展,与田间昆虫天敌的实际捕食量有所出入。昆虫分子生物学技术的发展为昆虫定量评价提供了支持,本文全面总结了农业生产科学研究中常用的捕食性昆虫定量评价方法,详细阐述了这些评价方法的原理、方法及应用实例,并进一步提出在未来的研究中应该扬长避短,根据试验对象的生物习性、试验条件的影响因素、试验目的的要求,将不同方法结合起来发挥各自优点,使捕食者捕食猎物的定量评价结果更能接近田间发生的实际情况。这些方法和技术将有助于更好地发挥自然天敌的控害作用,有效开展害虫生态调控,进一步推动生物防治相关方法的创新与应用。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Soybean aphid, a serious economic pest of soybean in North America, is currently managed by applying non‐selective foliar insecticides during outbreaks according to decision thresholds and crop maturity. Natural enemies, such as the parasitoid Aphelinus certus Yasnosh, potentially play an important role in suppressing soybean aphid. Using selective insecticides that preserve A. certus may enhance the biological control service they provide and thus prevent or reduce the severity of soybean aphid outbreaks. The toxicity of five insecticides (λ‐cyhalothrin, dimethoate, flonicamid, mineral oil, spirotetramat) and the biopesticide Beauveria bassiana to A. certus was assessed. RESULTS: The LD50 values of λ‐cyhalothrin and dimethoate were similar; however, the hazard quotient of dimethoate was greater than that of λ‐cyhalothrin. In a screening bioassay, the descending order of toxicity for the recommended rates 48 h after application was dimethoate > λ‐cyhalothrin > flonicamid > mineral oil > Beauveria bassiana > spirotetramat. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, λ‐cyhalothrin and dimethoate were both harmful to A. certus. The other insecticides tested were harmless to A. certus and are potential candidates for inclusion in soybean aphid management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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