大豆皮替代产奶牛日粮精料中玉米与小麦麸对产奶性能和干物质与纤维消化特性的影响(1)

用产奶牛饲喂试验(试验1)和尼龙袋消化试验(试验2)研究了大豆皮替代产奶牛日粮精料中玉米与小麦麸对产奶性能和干物质及纤维消化特性的影响。试验1条件下,以大豆皮替代精料中25%和50%玉米与小麦麸饲喂奶牛,每千克产奶的饲料成本平均减少0.045元和0.057元。试验2利用2头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地黄牛测定了大豆皮及5种饲粮大豆皮替代水平(分别替代精料中玉米和小麦麸的0、25%、50%、75%和100%)的干物质(DM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的尼龙袋消化率与动态消化参数。随着大豆皮替代玉米与小麦麸比例的提高,饲粮NDF中慢速消化组分的比例呈线性(P=0.002)和二次线性曲线(P=0.001)上升;快速消化组分趋于线性上升(P=0.082);NDF总体可消化组分呈线性上升(P=0.001)。     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加水平对断奶羔羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响

本试验研究饲料中过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加水平对刚断奶羔羊增重性能、营养物质消化率、血液生化指标的影响。选择30只萨寒杂交一代(萨福克×小尾寒羊)断奶羔羊,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为3组(n=10),各试验组每只羔羊每天饲喂0、4、8 g的过瘤胃蛋氨酸,预试期为10 d,正式期为60 d。试验结果表明:饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对断奶羔羊的生长性能具有显著的改善作用(P0.05),其中4 g/d的添加量显著提高了断奶羔羊的体重和平均日增重,显著降低了料肉比。饲粮中添加4 g/d的过瘤胃蛋氨酸显著提高了断奶羔羊干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P0.05),而对粗脂肪和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。4 g/d的过瘤胃蛋氨酸组羔羊的血糖含量和总蛋白含量显著高于其他两组(P0.05),血液尿素氮含量显著低于其他两组(P0.05)。因此,断奶羔羊饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸可以显著改善断奶羔羊的生长性能,以4 g/d的添加量具有最佳效果。     

大豆皮替代产奶牛日粮精料中玉米与小麦麸强产奶性能和干物质与纤维消化特性的影响（1）

用产奶牛饲喂试验（试验1）和尼龙袋消化试验（试验2）研究了大豆皮替代产奶牛日粮精料中玉米与小麦麸对产奶性能和千物质及纤维消化特性的影响。试验1条件下，以大豆皮替代精料中25％和50％玉米与小麦麸饲喂奶牛，每千克产奶的饲料成本平均减少0．045元和0．057元。试验2利用2头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地黄牛测定了大豆皮及5种饲粮大豆皮替代水平（分别替代精料中玉米和小麦麸的0、25％、50％、75％和100％）的干物质（DM）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的尼龙袋消化率与动态消化参数。随着大豆皮替代玉米与小麦麸比例的提高．饲粮NDF中慢速消化组分的比例呈线性（P=0．002）和二次线性曲线（P=0．001）上升；快速消化组分趋于线性上升（P=0．082）；NDF总体可消化组分呈线性上升（P=0．001）。     

不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃降解规律与表观消化率的影响

采用尼龙袋试验和消化试验研究在日粮中添加不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃降解规律和表观消化率的影响。选用体重为550 kg左右、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦奶牛4头,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组湿玉米纤维饲料分别占基础饲粮干物质重的5%、10%和15%。结果表明:15%试验组干物质(DM)的有效降解率显著高于其他试验组(P0.05);10%和15%试验组的粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率显著高于其他试验组(P0.05);饲喂湿玉米纤维饲料对瘤胃酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率没有影响,但显著降低了瘤胃中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的有效降解率(P0.05),其中15%试验组最低。随着湿玉米纤维饲料饲喂比例的增加,对日粮表观消化率没有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲喂湿玉米纤维饲料虽一定程度上降低了瘤胃NDF的有效降解率,但有效提高了瘤胃DM和CP的有效降解率,维持了瘤胃ADF有效降解率和日粮表观消化率的稳定,因此本试验中15%试验组是最适组。     

非常规饲料对肉牛生长性能、养分消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为探讨不同非常规饲料（棕榈粕、大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮、木薯渣）混合替代部分玉米精料对肉牛生长性能、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响,试验选取30头10月龄,体重相近[（289.77±10.05）kg],膘情相似、无病的荷斯坦公牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,拴系单栏饲养。饲粮精料及组成为干物质基础,替代I组（PRDⅠ组）为50%玉米+7.5%喷浆玉米皮+7.5%大豆皮+7.5%木薯渣+7.5%棕榈粕,替代Ⅱ组（PRDⅡ组）为40%玉米+10%喷浆玉米皮+10%大豆皮+10%木薯渣+10%棕榈粕,替代Ⅲ组（PRDⅢ组）为30%玉米+12.5%喷浆玉米皮+12.5%大豆皮+12.5%木薯渣+12.5%棕榈粕,预饲期5 d,正式期55 d。结果表明：（1）各替代组肉牛的干物质采食量（DMI）和平均日增重（ADG）差异不显著;PRDⅠ组的精料干物质采食量和粗料干物质采食量与其他两组相比差异极显著（P <0.01）。替代组干物质（DM）消化率存在显著差异（P <0.05）,酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）表观消化率差异不显著（P> 0.05）;(2)PRDⅠ组的...     

大豆皮替代饲粮中稻草对波杂山羊生长性能、营养成分消化率和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究大豆皮替代饲粮中稻草对波杂山羊生长性能、营养成分表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响。选取28只体重为(18.51±0.47)kg的健康波杂公山羊,采用完全随机化设计分为4个试验组,每组7只,每个试验组饲粮中大豆皮替代稻草的水平分别为0%、33%、67%、100%。预试期7 d,正试期49 d。结果表明:试验前期0~15 d、后期31~45 d和全期平均日采食量差异极显著(P0.01),其中33%替代组最高,100%替代组最低;耗料增重比随大豆皮替代饲料中稻草水平的提高显著降低(P=0.020),其中67%替代组耗料增重比最低;0~45 d,干物质、总能、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率差异极显著(P0.01),并且67%替代组中各营养成分消化率最高;粗蛋白消化率的组间差异不显著(P0.05);育肥羊血液生化指标均在正常值范围内,各试验组之间的差异均不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,大豆皮替代饲粮中33%和67%稻草可以提高波杂山羊的生长性能和营养成分表观消化率,并且对血液生化指标没有负面影响。     

高直链淀粉玉米替代普通玉米对断奶羔羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探究高直链淀粉玉米(简称高直玉米)替代普通玉米对于断奶羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化率和血液生理生化指标的影响。将27头平均体重为(8.97±0.19)kg的湘东黑山羊随机分为3组,每组4头公羊、5头母羊,试验羊单栏饲养。3组羔羊分别饲喂用高直玉米替代基础饲粮中0(A组,作为对照组)、50%(B组)、100%(C组)普通玉米的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,B、C组羔羊的平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05),干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。B组羔羊血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、乳酸(LAC)含量高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);C组羔羊血清VEGF和LAC含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上可知,高直玉米替代饲粮中50%或100%的普通玉米对断奶羔羊的生长和营养物质消化均有积极影响。     

枣粉与包被蛋氨酸对育肥牛生长性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加枣粉(JP)和包被蛋氨酸(CMet)对育肥期肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵和血清生化指标的影响。采用双因子试验设计,试验因素分别为JP(JP替代饲粮玉米比例为0或15%,JP-/JP+)和CMet(饲粮添加0或1.08 g/kg蛋氨酸有效成分,CMet-/CMet+)。将20头月龄与体重相近的育肥期肉牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛)随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮+JP、基础饲粮+CMet以及基础饲粮+JP+CMet,每组5个重复,每个重复1头牛。试验期共70 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明：1)饲粮添加JP显著提高了干物质采食量和平均日增重(P <0.05);而添加CMet仅显著提高了平均日增重(P <0.05);JP与CMet对生长性能互作效应不显著(P>0.05)。2)饲粮添加JP显著提高了粗蛋白质、酸性洗涤纤维和非纤维碳水化合物表观消化率(P<0.05);饲粮添加CMet则显著提高了粗蛋白质、有机物和非纤维碳水化合物表观消化率(P<0.05);JP与CMet对粗蛋白质和非纤维碳水化合物表观消化率互作效...     

大豆皮替代产奶牛日粮精料中玉米与小麦麸对产奶性能的影响

本试验选用 4 2头荷斯坦产奶牛分为 3组 ,每组 1 4头。采用完全随机化区组设计进行试验。处理为 3种大豆皮替代水平 ,即 :大豆皮分别替代精料中 0 % (对照 )、2 5%和 50 %的玉米与小麦麸 ;区组 ( 4个 )为产奶牛的不同胎次和泌乳月。正式试验期 1 2周。结果表明 ,用大豆皮替代产奶牛精料中 0 %、2 5%和 50 %的玉米和小麦麸 ,日粮干物质、蛋白质进食量、日产奶量、4 %乳脂率校正奶产量、产奶的饲料转化效率、乳蛋白、乳糖、无脂固形物含量均没有明显变化 (P >0 .2 0 ) ,乳脂率随大豆皮替代水平的提高呈直线上升趋势 (P =0 .0 8)。以大豆皮替代精料中 2 5%和 50 %玉米与小麦麸饲粮喂奶牛 ,每千克产奶的饲料成本平均分别降低 0 .0 4 5和 0 .0 57元     

小麦替代玉米对育肥羔羊生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮中以不同比例的小麦替代玉米对育肥羔羊生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响。选择50只体重、年龄相近的萨寒一代杂交断奶去势公羔,采用完全随机试验设计,随机分为5组,每组10只羊,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂以玉米为能量饲料的基础饲粮,其余4组分别饲喂以25%、50%、75%和100%的小麦替代玉米的饲粮,预饲期为7 d,正式期为90 d,正式期的最后10 d进行消化试验。试验结果表明,饲粮中以不同比例的小麦替代玉米对育肥羔羊的日均干物质采食量没有显著影响,随着替代比例的不断增加,显著提高了育肥羔羊的体增重和平均日增重。但饲粮中以小麦完全替代玉米时,与单独饲喂玉米对羔羊的生长性能没有显著差异。75%的小麦替代玉米时显著提高饲粮中干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质的消化率,但降低了中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率。单独饲喂玉米或者单独饲喂小麦对育肥羔羊营养物质消化率无显著影响。因此,在育肥羔羊饲养过程中,完全用小麦替代玉米不会对羔羊的生长性能产生不利影响,其中以75%的小麦替代玉米可以提高育肥羔羊的生长性能。     

Use of fibrolytic enzymes additives to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn silage

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of four enzyme additives on ruminal fermentation of corn silage using a 48 h batch culture in vitro assay with buffer and ruminal fluid. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) and Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) were conducted as completely randomized designs each with two runs and four replicates. The enzyme additives (E1, E2, E3, and E4) were commercial products that provided a range in endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities. For both xylanase (birch wood and oat spelt substrate) and endoglucanase (carboxymethylcellulose substrate), the enzyme products (per ml) were ranked E4>E1>E2>E3. In Exp. 1, the four enzymes were added at 0, 2, 4, and 8 μl/g of corn silage dry matter (DM), whereas in Exp. 2 enzymes were added at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 μl/g DM. Gas production (GP) was measured at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h after incubation. Disappearance of DM (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD), and volatile fatty acid concentrations (VFA; total and individual molar proportions) were determined after 24 and 48 h. In Exp. 1, E1 and E2 had higher NDFD and ADFD at 24 and 48 h of incubation (P<0.001) compared with E3 and E4. Increasing dose rate increased NDFD and ADFD for all enzymes (except ADFD for E4 at 48 h), with the optimum dose rate dependant on the enzyme additive (dose×enzyme; P<0.01). There were some treatment effects on DMD and total GP at 24 and 48 h, but these responses were not consistent with responses in NDFD and ADFD. Experiment 2 was conducted to confirm the effects and optimum dose rate of each enzyme additive. In Exp. 2, DMD was not affected by enzyme after 24 and 48 h incubation. There were no enzyme×dose interactions for DMD, NDFD, or ADFD after 24 or 48 h of incubation (except for ADFD at 48 h). After 24 h, DMD, NDFD, and ADFD increased linearly with increasing dose (P<0.05); after 48 h DMD increased linearly, whereas NDFD increased quadratically with increasing enzyme dose (P<0.05). The ADFD increased linearly after 48 h for E3 and E4, but after 48 h ADFD increased quadratically for E1 and E2. Total GP was consistently lowest for E4 at both incubation times (P<0.05). There were no enzyme×dose interactions (P>0.05) for any of the fermentation variables at either 24 or 48 h of incubation in Exp. 2. There were differences amongst the additives for total VFA at 24 and 48 h (P≤0.05); increasing enzyme dose decreased total VFA after 24 h but increased total VFA at 48 h, such that all doses were higher than the control (P<0.001). Overall, the enzyme additives increased NDFD and ADFD of corn silage in vitro; however, E1 and E2 were more effective than E3 or E4. Responses to increasing dose of enzyme were generally linear or curvilinear, and the optimum dose rate differed amongst the products evaluated. Evaluation of the enzymes at 24 and 48 h generally led to the same ranking of the additives, and the degradation of NDF and ADF was more useful in differentiating the enzymes compared with DM and total GP.     

Effects of corn processing and dietary fiber source on feedlot performance, visceral organ weight, diet digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism in lambs

In Exp. 1, early-weaned Targhee and Polypay crossbred lambs (60 ewes and 66 rams; initial BW 24 +/- 1.0 kg) were used in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment to determine the effects of corn processing (whole shelled corn [WSC] or ground and pelleted corn [GC]) in combination with supplemental fiber (none [control]; soybean hulls, SBH [highly digestible]; or peanut hulls, PH [highly indigestible]) on DMI, ADG, feed efficiency, and visceral organ weight. For the total trial, WSC resulted in a 4% increase (P < .01) in ADG vs GC, and supplemental fiber resulted in increased (P < .01) DMI and ADG vs the control diet. Experiment 2 was conducted using 12 Targhee and Polypay crossbred wether lambs (initial BW 25 +/- 7 kg) to determine the effects of corn processing and fiber source in high-concentrate diets on diet digestibility and N retention using the same diets as in Exp. 1. Lambs fed WSC had greater (P < .001) apparent N digestion, true N digestion, and N retention (P < .01) than those fed GC. The apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF were greater (P < .001) for WSC than for GC diets. Peanut hulls resulted in decreased (P < .01) DM, OM, and NDF apparent digestibilities compared with the control and SBH diets. Starch digestion was not affected (P > .10) by diet. Whole corn resulted in improved DM, OM, NDF, and N digestibility compared with GC. Overall, both the SBH and PH diets resulted in greater DMI and ADG than the control diet, which lacked supplemental fiber.     

小麦秸与非常规饲料组合效应的研究

本试验旨在探讨小麦秸与非常规饲料间的组合效应。利用体外产气法,评价了小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮和苹果渣分别按0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0比例进行组合的48 h体外发酵总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和干物质降解率(DMD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)以及其组合效应。结果表明:1)在小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣的各组合中,当小麦秸比例为25%时,TVFA浓度均大于小麦秸比例为50%、75%、100%时。2)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣组合的DMD逐渐降低,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮组合各比例之间的DMD差异显著(P0.05)。3)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与大豆皮组合的NDFD和ADFD逐渐降低,各比例之间差异显著(P0.05)。在小麦秸与橘子皮的组合中,当小麦秸比例为50%时,NDFD和ADFD最大。4)当小麦秸比例为50%时,小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05);当小麦秸比例为75%时,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05)。综上所述,小麦秸与大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮的最优组合是75∶25。小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的最优组合是50∶50。     

Effect of cattle age, forage level, and corn processing on diet digestibility and feedlot performance

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cattle age and dietary forage level on the utilization of corn fed whole or ground to feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, 16 steers were used to investigate the effects of cattle age and corn processing on diet digestibility. Two cattle age categories were evaluated (weanling [254 +/- 20 kg BW] and yearling [477 +/- 29 kg BW]; eight steers per group), and corn was fed either ground or whole to each cattle age category. Cattle age and corn processing did not affect (P > 0.10) diet digestibility of DM, OM, starch, CP, NDF or ADF, and no interactions (P > 0.10) between these two factors were detected. In Exp. 2, the effects of forage level and corn processing on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. One hundred eighty steers (310 +/- 40 kg BW) were allotted to 24 pens, and were fed one of the following diets: high-forage (18.2% corn silage) cracked corn (HFCC); high-forage shifting corn (whole corn for the first half of the trial, then cracked corn until harvest; HFSC); high-forage whole corn (HFWC); low-forage (5.2% corn silage) cracked corn (LFCC); low-forage shifting corn (LFSC); and low-forage whole corn (LFWC). For the high-forage diets, steers fed cracked corn had 7% greater DMI than those fed whole corn, whereas for the low-forage diets, grain processing did not affect DMI (interaction; P = 0.02). No interactions (P > 0.10) between forage level and corn processing were found for ADG and G:F. Total trial ADG and G:F, and percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice, and carcass yield grade were not affected (P > 0.10) by corn processing. Cattle with fewer days on feed grew faster and more efficiently when cracked corn was fed, whereas cattle with longer days on feed had greater ADG and G:F when corn was fed whole (interaction; P < 0.10). In Exp. 3, the effects of forage level and corn processing on diet digestibility were evaluated. The high-forage cracked corn, high-forage whole corn, low-forage cracked corn, and low-forage whole corn diets used in Exp. 2 were fed to 16 steers (350 +/- 27 kg BW) in a digestion trial. No interactions (P > 0.10) between forage level and corn processing were detected for starch digestibility. Forage level and corn processing (grinding) did not affect (P > 0.10) diet DM, OM, starch, CP, and NDF digestibility. Processing corn did not provide additional benefits to feedlot cattle performance under these experimental conditions.     

补饲不同品质饲草对哺乳期犊牛营养物质消化率和生长发育的影响

选择母体体格和体况相近，犊牛健康、出生体重和体尺相近的荷斯坦公犊牛10头，随机分为2组（n=5），分别补饲玉米秸秆（CFS）和青干草(H)，通过消化试验和饲养试验，探讨了犊牛哺乳期补饲不同品质的饲草对营养物质摄入量、消化率和生长发育的影响。定量饲喂牛奶，自由采食精料和饲草。结果显示：断奶时，2组牛精料采食量基本一致；粗料采食量H组高于CFS组(554.4 g/d和172.0 g/d,P<0.01)；H组干物质采食量高于CFS组13.4%，但差异不显著(P>0.05)。H组DM和EE消化率略高于CFS组(P>0.05)。H组NDF、ADF消化率比CFS组分别提高了17.53%(P<0.01)、101.26%(P<0.01)，但总干物质、粗蛋白质等其他营养物质消化率无明显差异( P>0.05)。H组日增重比CFS组提高了8.19%（696.3 g/d和753.2 g/d，P>0.05）；胸围、胸宽增量分别提高了5.20%、78.26%，但差异均不显著（P>0.05）；体高、体长增量组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。另外，观察到补饲H的犊牛后躯发育明显优于补饲CFS。结果表明：哺乳期间补饲青干草，可提高断奶时犊牛干物质采食量和营养物质消化率，特别是纤维性物质的摄入和消化；有利于小母牛更早、更多地利用粗饲料，有利于其向乳用方向发育。     

能量水平对20～30 kg羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同能量水平对道寒杂交羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响,为肉用羔羊配制适宜营养水平的日粮提供依据。选用体重20 kg左右的道寒杂交断奶公羔48只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。以NRC(2007)营养需要量参数为依据,配制不同代谢能水平(10.12、11.11、12.05 MJ/kg)日粮,可消化蛋白(11%)、钙和磷水平一致。试验预试期15 d,正试期50 d。当其中1组平均体重达到30 kg时,每组取6只,采用全收粪法收集粪样,测定能量和氮表观消化率。结果表明:羔羊体重、日增重、采食量均随能量水平的增加而提高,其中高能组极显著高于低能组(P0.01),显著高于中能组(P0.05),中能组显著高于低能组(P0.05);高能组日粮能量表观消化率显著高于低能组和中能组(P0.05),低能组与中能组间差异不显著(P0.05);高能组和中能组的日粮氮表观消化率极显著高于低能组(P0.01),高能组与中组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮能量水平影响羔羊能量和蛋白的消化利用及生长发育,当20~30 kg羔羊日粮含11%可消化蛋白,代谢能为12 MJ/kg时羔羊生长性能、能量和蛋白利用率最佳。     

不同品质粗饲料对断奶至7月龄犊牛生长发育及营养物质消化率的影响

选用从哺乳期开始分别补饲玉米秸秆(CFS组)和青干草(H组)的两组试验犊牛(n=5)。断奶后继续分别饲喂CFS和H,定量饲喂精料（2 kg/d）。通过消化试验和饲养试验,跟踪研究了饲喂不同品质粗饲料对断奶到7月龄阶段犊牛营养物质摄入量、消化率和生长发育的影响。结果显示,7月龄时,CFS和H组日采食量分别为2.25和3.81 kg（P<0.01）;H组和CFS组比较,DMI、NDF、ADF、CP、Fat摄入量明显提高,其消化率分别为63.6%、51.2%、43.5%、64.3%、55.6%和57.5%、43.3%、40.4%、44.4%、59.4%,除了CP消化率差异极显著外（P<0.01）,其余均不显著（P>0.05）;H组和CFS组日增重(kg/d)差异极显著（0.788和0.522 kg/d,P<0.01),体斜长增量（18.3和9.5 cm）和胸围增量(24.1和18.6 cm)差异显著(P<0.05),体高增量（14.0和9.7 cm）差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明,给断奶至7月龄阶段犊牛饲喂混合青干草比饲喂玉米秸秆,更能提高粗饲料采食量和干物质总摄入量,有利于营养物质消化利用,促进犊牛生长发育,尤其对体长和胸围的发育效果明显。     

乳酸杆菌、抗生素及其合用对断奶仔猪生长和消化的影响

选择(杜×大×长)三元杂交28日龄健康断奶仔猪72头,分成3个处理,每处理4个重复。研究了基础日粮中添加黄霉素(10 mg/kg)、复合乳酸杆菌(0.25%)及两者合用(10 mg/kg黄霉素+0.25%复合乳酸杆菌)对断奶仔猪生长和养分消化率的影响。结果显示,3个处理组仔猪日均耗料无显著差异(P>0.05)。乳酸杆菌组仔猪平均日增重极显著高于其他2组(P<0.01),黄霉素组和合用组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。乳酸杆菌组料重比极显著低于黄霉素组(P<0.01),与合用组无显著差异(P>0.05);3个处理组仔猪在粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、钙和总磷表观消化率方面均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中以乳酸杆菌组最高。结果表明,日粮中添加复合乳酸杆菌能显著提高断奶仔猪日增重和饲料转化效率,具有改善养分表观消化率的趋势,复合乳酸杆菌和黄霉素联合使用,降低了单独使用复合乳酸杆菌的效果。     

Effect of high-oil corn on growth performance, diet digestibility, and energy content of finishing diets fed to beef cattle

Sixty crossbred beef steers (initial BW = 412 kg) were used in a 83-d finishing study to determine the effect of feeding dry rolled high-oil corn on performance and total-tract digestibility of finishing diets. Steers were allotted by weight to the following dietary treatments: 1) control corn (C; 82% normal corn, 12% triticale silage), 2) high-oil corn (HO; 82% high-oil corn, 12% silage), and 3) high-oil corn formulated to be isocaloric to C (ISO; 74% high-oil corn, 20% silage). Total lipid content was 4.9% (DM basis) for normal corn and 7.0% for high-oil corn. Steers were individually fed using electronic gates. Quantity of feed offered and refused was recorded daily. Fecal samples were collected on d 63 to 66 of the trial to determine digestibility. Chromic oxide was fed as an indigestible marker for 7 d before fecal collection began. Planned contrasts of HO vs C and ISO vs C were used to assess treatment differences. Dry matter intake was greater for steers fed C vs HO (P < 0.01) or C vs ISO (P < 0.01), but daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. Digestibility of DM, OM, starch, and GE was greater (P < 0.05) for the HO diet than the C diet, but lipid digestibility did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The combined effect of greater GE content and digestibility resulted in greater (P < 0.01) DE content for the HO than for the C diet. Calculated DE of the corn was 8.3% greater (3.74 Mcal/kg; P < 0.01) for the HO diet and 6.5% greater (3.67 Mcal/kg; P < 0.01) for the ISO diet than the corn in the C diet (3.25 Mcal/kg). Dry matter and GE digestibility did not differ (P > 0.05) between the C and ISO diets. Steers consuming ISO had greater (P < 0.05) starch digestibility than steers fed the C diet. Although HO had higher DE, DE intake was similar (P > 0.05) for HO and C due to lower DMI for HO. These results indicate that available energy is greater from high-oil corn than from typical corn, but depressed voluntary feed intake prevented performance improvements and resulted in equal energy intakes between high-oil corn and typical corn diets.     

干旱季节日粮中添加益生菌和过瘤胃脂肪酸对饲喂玉米青贮料生长山羊平均日增重和瘤胃代谢的影响

本试验目的在于调查添加益生菌、棕榈油过瘤胃脂肪酸(POBF)和益生菌 POBF对饲喂玉米青贮料的生长山羊平均日增重和瘤胃代谢影响.试验选用了27只约5月龄、体重(13.4±1.3)kg杂交生长山羊(Thai native×Anglo-Nubian),根据完全随机因子试验方法分成9组,进行10周饲养试验.POBF包含0、20和40 g/(goat·d)3个水平,益生菌包含0、2.5和5.0 g/(goat·d)3个水平.结果表明:POBF显著地降低日均干物质采食量(DMI)(P<0.05),益生菌提高DMI(P<0.05),20 g/(goat·d)POBF 益生菌[2.5和5.0 g/(goat·d)]不影响DMI(P>0.05).益生菌和益生菌 POBF显著提高平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05).益生菌极显著地提高DM和OM消化率(P<0.01),POBF 益生菌显著提高DM和OM消化率(P<0.05).POBF、益生菌、POBF 益生菌均提高CP消化率(P>0.05).益生菌和POBF 益生菌显著提高NDF消化率(P<0.05).益生菌、POBF和益生菌 POBF极显著提高挥发性脂肪酸总量(P<0.01)和丙酸百分比例(P<0.05),降低乙酸百分比例(P>0.05).本试验结果证明:益生菌和POBF都能提高饲喂玉米青贮料的生长山羊ADG和瘤胃代谢水平,添加2.5 g/(goat·d)益生菌和20 g/(goat·d)POBF效果较好,同时添加2.5 g/(goat·d)益生菌和20 g/(goat·d)POBF效果最佳.