微电流对骨折山钙磷代谢的影响

为了分析微电流（20微安）对骨折山羊血液中钙磷代谢的影响，探讨微电流促进动物骨折愈合的可能机制，将20只健康山羊随机分为试验组（骨折处通入20微安电流）和对照组，人工造成非开放性全骨折，于骨折前后7次测定血钙和血磷。结果，两组山羊在骨折后均呈现血钙下降、血磷上开放性全骨折，于骨折前后7次测定血钙和血磷。结果，两组山羊在骨折后均呈现血钙下降、血磷上升的趋势（P＜0．01）。推断骨折后20d，两组之间血磷差异显著（P＜0．05）。微电流能够影响山羊钙磷代谢。     

微电流对山羊骨痂钙含量与骨折愈合的作用

对试验组山羊人工制造非开放性全骨折后，用自制治疗仪以20μA电流治疗，至骨折愈合后取愈合处骨痂，测定骨痂钙含量。结果：试验组山羊骨痂钙含量明显高于对照组山羊，前者比后者骨折愈合时间提前12d，即骨钙含量与骨愈合时间呈明显正相关。用偏振原子分光光度计法（AAS）测析骨折山羊骨痂钙含量显示，微电流能明显提高山羊骨痂钙含量加快骨折愈合，证明骨痂钙含量与骨折愈合呈明显正相关，提示，用20μA电流及其在骨折处形成的微电场，能提高钙离子浓度，并在其他微量元素配合下，通过一系列生化反应，刺激成骨细胞等产生多种生长因子，加快骨细胞增殖进程，缩短山羊骨折愈合时间。     

饲喂不同钙片对犬血清钙、磷的影响分析

充足和均衡的钙和磷供应对犬的骨骼健康很重要,无论是在生长期,还是成年期。随机选取10只犬,分别补饲市面上2款不同钙片（A、B）,探讨补饲钙片2 h前后血清钙、磷的变化。结果表明,A钙片在补饲前后犬血钙浓度升高幅度不大,差异不显著（P>0.05）,B钙片在补饲前后犬血钙浓度有所升高,差异显著（P<0.05）。A、B钙片饲喂前后,血磷均相应升高,差异显著（P<0.05）,但血钙、血磷仍在正常参考范围内。     

低DCAD对经EDTA诱导的低血钙山羊的钙调因子水平及瘤胃发酵的影响

试验旨在研究低饲粮阴阳离子差(DCAD,mmol/kg DM)对经乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)诱导的低血钙山羊的钙调因子水平及瘤胃发酵的影响。选择6只年龄、体重差异不显著的健康母羊,将其随机分为两组(对照组、处理组),每组3个重复,每个重复1只羊。饲粮处理分为两个阶段:(1)在基础饲粮中添加2%EDTA引起低血钙;(2)在此情况下,对照组饲喂高DCAD饲粮(DCAD=203 mmol/kg DM),处理组饲喂低DCAD饲粮(DCAD=-170 mmol/kg DM),其中处理组饲粮为在对照组基础上添加45 g/d的阴离子盐(MgSO₄·7H₂O+MgCl₂·6H2O)。结果表明:(1)两组试验羊干物质采食量(DMI)差异不显著(P>0.05)。处理组尿液pH显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)处理组血浆Ca2+水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组血浆维生素D受体(VDR)、瞬时受体电位通道香草酸受体6(TRPV6)和细胞膜钙泵(PMCA1b)水平显著升高(P<0.05)。但血浆钠...     

日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比例对香猪钙磷代谢的影响

３６ 头香猪生长阶段去势公猪,通过３ ×３ 交叉分组设计,随机分配到９ 个处理中,每个处理４个重复,每个重复１ 头猪。试验两个因子中日粮磷３ 个水平分别为０ ．３ ％ 、０ ．６ ％ 和０ ．９ ％ ,日粮钙磷比的３ 个水平为１ １ 、１ ．２５ １ 和１ ．５ １ 。试验基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、血粉和苜蓿粉组成,各处理日粮磷水平和钙磷比用分析纯ＣａＣＯ３ 、Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４ 和ＣａＨＰＯ４ 调配。两期钙磷代谢试验结果表明,提高日粮磷水平线性增加香猪钙磷采食量、粪钙磷和尿磷（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,０ ．６ ％ 的日粮磷水平在两期试验中表现出最高的磷存留量和磷表观利用率。随日粮钙磷比增加,钙的采食量、粪钙磷和尿钙逐渐增加（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,而尿磷逐渐减少（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。在体重７ｋｇ 时,当钙磷比为１ ．２５ １ 时,钙的表观消化率和表观利用率显著高于１ １组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。在体重１７ｋｇ 时,钙磷的存留量、钙的表观利用率和磷的表观消化率在日粮钙磷比１ １ 时表现最大值（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,并且日粮磷和钙磷比互作效应显著影响粪钙磷、尿磷、钙磷存留量、磷的表观消化率和钙磷表观利用率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１）     

微电流对水中大肠杆菌的消毒效果观察

为了验证微电流对水中大肠杆菌的消毒效果,试验采用不同电流强度和不同时间对含有大肠杆菌的水体进行消毒处理,比较处理前后的杀菌率。试验证明,微电流对大肠杆菌具有很好的消毒效果,用2A微电流对大肠杆菌进行的消毒,5min就能达到很好的消毒效果,电流强度加大到4A时,10min就能达到对大肠杆菌的完全杀灭效果,电流强度加大到6A时,5min虽然达不到100.00%,但是大肠杆菌已经基本杀灭,10min能达到对大肠杆菌的完全杀灭效果。     

山羊骨痂中微量元素与骨折愈合的实验研究

应用偏振原子分光光度计法（AAS）对骨折愈合实验的两组山羊跖骨骨痂中锌、铁、铜、锰4种微量元素进行测定分析发现：实验组与对照组骨痂微量元素的含量无差异（P＞0.05）。骨痂中铜铁比值两组差异显著（P＜0.05）。提示20μA电流能够调控骨痂中铜铁比值，从而促进了骨折愈合。     

维生素A、D对肉鸡钙、磷代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究维生素A、D对肉鸡钙、磷代谢的影响。采用4×4完全随机试验设计,将384只8日龄健康艾维茵雄性肉鸡称重后随机分为16个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只。其中,VA设4个添加水平,分别为1500、3000、15000和45000IU/kg日粮;VD设4个添加水平,分别为500、1250、2500和5000IU/kg日粮,共构成16个处理组的试验日粮。结果表明:日粮VA水平对肉鸡钙、磷代谢有显著的影响,日粮VA为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡胫骨灰分含量、胫骨矿化度及血清AKP活性相对于1500、3000IU/kgVA组显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),胫骨磷含量显著增加(P<0.05),胫骨钙含量趋于增加(P>0.05);日粮VA水平为15000IU/kg时,胫骨钙含量、血清AKP活性有降低的趋势,胫骨磷含量趋升高。日粮VD水平在500～5000IU/kg范围内,对肉鸡的胫骨灰分含量、胫骨钙、磷含量、胫骨矿化度及血清AKP活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但随着VD添加剂量的增加,血清钙、磷含量呈一次线性增加,胫骨钙含量呈二次曲线上升趋势。日粮VA为15000IU/kg时,肉鸡VA临界过量;日粮VA为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡VA过量。日粮VD水平在500～5000IU/kg范围内,对肉鸡的钙、磷代谢无显著影响。     

犊牛钙磷代谢障碍的预防

在奶牛场,我们通过巩固饲料基地,使用矿物质、维生素添加剂,结果在10—15年内原来常发生的犊牛维生素缺乏病很少发生。然而,在专业化畜牧场、综合畜牧场由于奶牛高产和良种化,就要求不仅要平衡日粮中的主要成分(糖、蛋白质比),而且还要根据机体生理状况来平衡维生素和矿物质。应特别注意干乳期怀孕母牛的饲养,因为这时如果日     

不同钙磷水平日粮对钙磷在猪体内代谢的影响

钙和磷对猪来说是2种极其重要的矿物质,具有非常重要的生理功能.钙和磷在日粮中的含量不同会对自身的代谢产生相当大的影响,为进一步了解日粮不同钙、磷水平对钙磷在猪体内代谢的影响,作者将从对钙、磷的吸收,血清中钙、磷的浓度,钙、磷在体内的存留,尿中钙、磷排出量和粪中钙、磷排出量这5个方面的影响来阐述.     

A kinetic model of phosphorus metabolism in growing goats

The effect of increasing phosphorus (P) intake on P utilization was investigated in balance experiments using 12 Saanen goats, 4 to 5 mo of age and weighing 20 to 30 kg. The goats were given similar diets with various concentrations of P, and 32P was injected to trace the movement of P in the body. A P metabolism model with four pools was developed to compute P exchanges in the system. The results showed that P absorption, bone resorption, and excretion of urinary P and endogenous and fecal P all play a part in the homeostatic control of P. Endogenous fecal output was positively correlated to P intake (P < .01). Bone resorption of P was not influenced by intake of P, and P recycling from tissues to the blood pool was lesser for low P intake. Endogenous P loss occurred even in animals fed an inadequate P diet, resulting in a negative P balance. The extrapolated minimum endogenous loss in feces was .067 g of P/d. The minimum P intake for maintenance in Saanen goats was calculated to be .61 g of P/d or .055 g of P/(kg(.75) x d) at 25 kg BW. Model outputs indicate greater P flow from the blood pool to the gut and vice versa as P intake increased. Intake of P did not significantly affect P flow from bone and soft tissue to blood. The kinetic model and regressions could be used to estimate P requirement and the fate of P in goats and could also be extrapolated to both sheep and cattle.     

劣质钙磷类饲料鉴别方法及其对家禽的危害

１９９６年以来，本检测中心共检测了十几个县市送检的５３个钙磷类饲料样品，对其质量评定及杂质鉴别方法进行了试验，并对劣质原料对家禽的危害进行了调查研究，现报告如下：１钙磷类饲料的检验１．１送检样品 １９９６年～１９９９年共收到烟台、威海、青岛和潍坊等地。市送检骨粉２１份、磷酸氢钙３２份。１．２常规检验 钙磷类饲料中钙的测定采用高锰酸钾还原滴定法，磷的测定采用钼黄比色法，氟的测定采用氟离子选择电极法。 合格骨粉和磷酸氢钙的标准：骨粉，Ｐ＞１１．０％，Ｃａ＞２４％；磷酸氢钙，Ｐ＞１６．０％，Ｃａ＞２１． …     

The effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus supplementation in zeolite a treated dry cows on periparturient calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

Previous studies have proved the possibility of preventing parturient hypocalcaemia by zeolite A supplementation during the dry period, and a recent in vitro study has indicated a marked calcium (Ca) as well as phosphorus (P) binding effect of zeolite A in rumen fluid solutions. Because of the connection between the Ca and P homeostatic systems, the preventive effect against parturient hypocalcaemia may arise from zeolite induced decreased availability of dietary Ca as well as P. In the present study, the expected Ca and P binding capacity was challenged by feeding high and low levels of dietary Ca and/or P to zeolite A treated dry cows. Twenty-one pregnant dry cows were assigned to four experimental groups receiving a dry cow ration unsupplemented or supplemented with extra Ca and/or P. During the last 2 weeks of the dry period all cows additionally received 600 g of zeolite A per day. A high level of dietary P prepartum significantly decreased the plasma Ca concentration before as well as immediately after calving (day 0-3). Conversely, the plasma inorganic phosphate concentration was higher among these cows than among cows receiving no supplemental P. The prepartum dietary Ca level significantly affected the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration during zeolite supplementation, whereas the periparturient plasma Ca concentration was apparently not affected by the dietary Ca level. During zeolite A supplementation plasma parathyroid hormone was significantly higher among cows receiving additional P. The urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio was not affected by the prepartal dietary Ca or P level. Serum aluminium (Al) was significantly higher during zeolite A supplementation than during the preceding period, indicating partial destruction of the zeolite in the intestinal tract with subsequent release and absorption of Al. It is suggested that the effect of prepartum zeolite supplementation on the periparturient Ca homeostasis depends on the level of Ca as well as P in the dry cow ration.     

The effect of testosterone and rutting on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in goats

After testosterone pretreatment of castrated goats and during the rutting season of adult entire male goats, the oxidative metabolism of sulphadimidine (SDM) was inhibited markedly compared with the castrated control state of these animals. The oxidation of the 5 position (yielding 5-hydroxysulphadimidine) and of the 6-hydroxymethyl group (yielding 6-carboxysulphadimidine) was decreased equally, with that of the methyl group at the pyrimidine side chain itself being 6-hydroxymethylsulphadimidine (CH2OH), whereas the acetylation pathway was unaffected by testosterone. The consequence of altered metabolism by testosterone was a prolongation of SDM presence in the body. Effects on protein binding of the CH2OH metabolite and on the renal clearance of SDM were also investigated.     

A review of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism in the horse

Mineral metabolism in the equine is a complex process involving absorption sites and interactions between the minerals themselves and other compounds. Factors such as the digestibility of the minerals and the extent of the interactions all play an important role in the mineral amounts required in the diet.Inadequate levels of minerals in the diet can lead to physiological maladies such as HNS and Ricketts. A knowledge and understanding of mineral metabolism is essential to the success of equine management.