Oral administration of Allium sativum extract protects against infectious bursal disease in chickens

Garlic (Allium sativum, Liliaceae) has been safely used for more than 5000 years, and research on garlic extract is rapidly increasing because of its multiple biological functions. The in vivo effects of oral administration of garlic mixture (GM, water-soluble extract) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected specific pathogen free male white leghorn chicken were examined through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results confirmed the protective effects of oral administration of 5 mg·kg⁻¹ BW GM (Group GM1) on bursal lesions after IBDV infection. In particular, protein expression of IBDV in the bursa decreased in Group GM1, indicating that GM administration decreased IBDV replication in the bursa. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M- and A-bearing B lymphocytes significantly increased 7 days post infection in bursae in Group GM1 (P<0.01), suggesting that the oral administration of 5 mg·kg⁻¹ GM offers moderate protection against B cell destruction after IBDV infection. During infection, the concentration of bursal interferon gamma (IFN-g) increased and peaked in Group GM1 earlier than in Group T (IBDV-exposed), demonstrating that GM administration prompted the production of IFN-g to protect against IBDV infection.     

Localized stabilization of microtubules by integrin- and FAK-facilitated Rho signaling

Microtubule (MT) stabilization is regulated by the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Rho and its effector, mammalian homolog of Diaphanous (mDia), in migrating cells, but factors responsible for localized stabilization at the leading edge are unknown. We report that integrin-mediated activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at the leading edge is required for MT stabilization by the Rho-mDia signaling pathway in mouse fibroblasts. MT stabilization also involved FAK-regulated localization of a lipid raft marker, ganglioside GM1, to the leading edge. The integrin-FAK signaling pathway may facilitate Rho-mDia signaling through GM1, or through a specialized membrane domain containing GM1, to stabilize MTs in the leading edge of migrating cells.     

小麦品种麦谷蛋白亚基的遗传变异分析

分析了９６个小麦品种高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成的及其分布规律,结果表明：强面筋品种与普通品种在高分子量及低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成上存在明显差异。强面筋品种含Ｇｌｕ－Ａｌａ（１亚基）、Ｇｌｕ－Ａ１ｂ（２＾＊亚基）、Ｇｌｕ－Ｂ１ｂ（７＋８亚基）、Ｇｌｕ－Ｂｌｉ（１７＋１８亚基）、Ｇｌｕ－Ｄｌｄ（５＋１０亚基）、Ｇｌｕ－Ａ３ｂ和Ｇｌｕ－Ｄ３ｃ的频率较高,而普通品种则含Ｇｌｕ－Ａｌｃ（Ｎ）、Ｇｌｕ－Ｂｌ     

Magnetic microspheres prepared by redox polymerization used in a cell separation based on gangliosides

A facile method is described for making magnetic microspheres that bind specifically to cell surfaces, in order to separate cells magnetophoretically. Control over the sizes of the spheres is effected by using their magnetic cores as part of a redox polymerization system. The use of the microspheres is demonstrated with a separation involving C-1300 neuroblastoma cells, 10% of which express the ganglioside GM1 in their membranes. The GM1-containing cells were separated with better than 99% purity, while the deficient cells were obtained at least 98% pure. The separation, which was carried out under sterile conditions, required only 6 minutes.     

哺乳动物促卵泡素氨基酸序列特征及其单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备哺乳动物促卵泡素(FSH)单克隆抗体,比对了人类、家畜、部分野生动物、鼠类等哺乳动物FSH氨基酸序列,分析其种间同源性,结果发现,多种哺乳动物FSHβ亚基氨基酸序列的同源性高于80%,且线性抗原表位高度保守。从奶牛垂体组织扩增FSHβ亚基CDS片段,构建p ET28aFSH重组质粒,诱导表达FSH重组蛋白,免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,间接ELISA法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞孔,取效价最高孔进行克隆和亚克隆,获得1株能够分泌抗FSH的单克隆抗体细胞株,命名为B4A5。B4A5细胞株经过数次传代培养、反复冻融后生长状态良好,且能够稳定分泌抗体。采用细胞株体外培养和小鼠腹水诱生法均制备了抗FSH的单克隆抗体,其效价分别为1∶640、1∶106。分别采用Western blot和间接ELISA法鉴定单克隆抗体的结合特异性和交叉反应性,结果显示,制备的单克隆抗体与FSH反应呈阳性,与促黄体素(LH)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、促乳素(PRL)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(h CG)均无交叉反应性。综上,获得了1株能够稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,其分泌的单克隆抗体可特异性结合FSH蛋白。     

单片微处理器在气体比例混合装置中的应用

新开发的ＧＭ－Ａ、ＧＭ－Ｂ气体比例混合器，使用单片微处理器，实现了按任意设定的二或三种气体的体积百分比，控制各气体充气电磁阀，达到了获取预定比例的混合气体的目的。该装置具有系统稳定性好，精度高、易于满足不同的供气量等优点，目前已应用于气调包装实际生产过程中，文章介绍了该装置中系统程序的控制原理、硬件结构和配气精度测试结果。     

单片微处理器在气体比例混合装置中的应用

新开发的ＧＭ－Ａ、ＧＭ－Ｂ气体比例混合器,使用单片微处理器,实现了按任意设定的二或三种气体的体积百分比,控制各气体充气电磁阀,达到了获取预定比例的混合气体的目的。该装置具有系统稳定性好,精度高、易于满足不同的供气量等优点,目前已应用于气调包装实际生产过程中,文章介绍了该装置中系统程序的控制原理、硬件结构和配气精度测试结果。     

多用途甘蔗品种B9的种性表现及栽培效益分析

[目的]弄清多用途甘蔗品种B9的种性、生产经济性表现。[方法]以广西牧草主栽品种桂牧1号(GM1),糖料蔗主栽品种ROC16、ROC22和糖能兼用品种GT22为对照,对B9分别进行饲料蔗、糖料蔗、糖能兼用蔗不同类型的品比试验。[结果]B9以作饲料蔗栽培经济效益最好,但不及GM1。B9作饲料蔗栽培时具有鲜草产量高,发株和分蘖力强,水溶性总糖、粗蛋白质含量高,茎叶比低,适口性好,青饲奶牛的产奶量接近用GM1饲养的产奶量等特点,可作为粗饲料的补充在广西推广种植。B9作能源蔗栽培可获得较好的经济效益,蔗汁酒精产量13.12 t/hm2,比ROC16、ROC22和GT22增产17.4%~37.8%,纤维产量17.4 t/hm2,比3个对照增产3.15~4.53 t。作糖料蔗栽培的效益比作饲料蔗、能源蔗低,但与对照比,蔗产量、糖产量比较高,经济效益高,宿根能力强,适应性广,抗旱抗寒能力强。[结论]B9在广西可作糖料蔗,也可作饲料蔗和酒精能源蔗栽培。     

陕西省小麦品种资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成研究

研究了陕西省主要小麦资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其与加工品质的关系。结果表明 ,农家种亚基类型单一 ,育成种和早期国外种亚基类型分布不尽合理 ,3类材料均缺乏优质亚基 ;近期国外品种 Glu- 13个基因位点优质亚基数量较多 ,特别是 5 +10亚基 ,应加强引进、研究和利用 ;亚基 1(Glu- A1a) ,14 +15 (Glu- B1h) ,17+18(Glu- B1i)和 5 +10 (Glu- D1d)分别对多种加工品质性状效应较大 ,均为优质亚基 ;3个基因位点对加工品质的贡献值大小次序为 Glu- D1>Glu- A1>Glu- B1。     

野生二粒小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成的研究

对来自以色列的78份野生二粒小麦进行SDS-PAGE检测,发现其高分子谷蛋白亚基具有较高的遗传多样性。在Glu-A1和Glu-B1 2个位点共有22种可确定的亚基变异类型。其中,A位点上的亚基12、*和B位点上的亚基7+8、13+16与17+18为优质亚基(出现频率分别为7.69%、8.97%和5.13%)。同时,出现了在普通小麦中不表达的1Ay亚基和许多普通小麦所稀有或缺乏的特异亚基类型,如1*7、*+8*7、*+9、7+8*、7+9*、17+18等,而且在12份材料中出现了7种未命名的新亚基类型。     

青稞高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基SDS PAGE分析

 对87份青稞和13份野生大麦进行SDS PAGE分析,结果发现,供试材料的HMW GS条带单一,大多只有1条带,个别材料有2条带,而且条带的位置也变化不大,仅有3种条带位置,且基本介于小麦HMW GS的7亚基至12亚基位置之间。因此,根据条带迁移位置的不同对参试材料的3种条带命名为A,B,C,分别对应着A,B,C亚基。87份青稞材料共出现了A,B,C,AC等4种带型,分别对应着56,1,27,3号青稞材料,各带型分别占64.4%,1.1%,31.0%,3.4%;其中A,B,C为单带带型,AC为双带带型;出现AC带型的原因是材料中同时存在A带型和C带型的种子。青稞和野生大麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基类型较单一,变异不丰富,多态性较低。本试验对青稞高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基多态性的研究可为其面粉加工利用和品质改良提供科学依据     

胰岛激活蛋白B聚体的各亚基克隆及表达的初步研究

研究将百日咳杆菌用B-G培养基活化后再在改良的S-S培养基上液体培养,用CTAB-NaCl法提取百日咳杆菌的基因组DNA.经PCR扩增出胰岛激活蛋白 B聚体的四个亚基基因,分别将其克隆于pGEX-6p-1载体上,并探讨了在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中可溶性表达IAP B聚体各亚基的可能性.通过控制诱导表达温度,S2,S3均可以实现可溶表达,以GST亲和层析得到的S2终产物0.4 mg/L培养物, S3为0.6 mg/L培养物.S4表达虽是可溶性的,但由于融合蛋白的等电点近于7,多步纯化易损失.S5的表达量太低,有待进一步分析.     

巴西饲料蔗在广西引种试验的表现

对从巴西引进的3个饲料蔗品种B9、B10、B60进行比较试验,结果表明:B60、B9品种具有较高的鲜茎叶产量,较强的发株能力和分蘖能力,水溶性总糖、粗蛋白质含量较高,适口性较好;在年收割2次的情况下B60的最佳下种量为15万芽/hm2,鲜茎叶产量最高,达到288.97t/hm2;青饲奶牛的产奶量以B60最高,接近GM1号象草;B60等品种可作为粗饲料的补充在广西推广种植。     

Erratum

In figure 2B (p. 1236) of the report "Induction of CD4(+) human cytolytic T cells specific for HIV-infected cells by a gp160 subunit vaccine" by R. J. Orentas et al. (8 June, p. 1234), the labels for HIV-infected and mock-infected cells were reversed.     

Three-dimensional structure of cholera toxin penetrating a lipid membrane

Two-dimensional crystals of cholera toxin bound to receptors in a lipid membrane give diffraction extending to 15 A resolution. Three-dimensional structure determination reveals a ring of five B subunits on the membrane surface, with one-third of the A subunit occupying the center of the ring. The remaining mass of the A subunit appears to penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. Cleavage of a disulfide bond in the A subunit, which activates the toxin, causes a major conformational change, with the A subunit mostly exiting from the B ring.     

Hybridization between Brassica napus and B. rapa on a national scale in the United Kingdom

Measures blocking hybridization would prevent or reduce biotic or environmental change caused by gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops to wild relatives. The efficacy of any such measure depends on hybrid numbers within the legislative region over the life-span of the GM cultivar. We present a national assessment of hybridization between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and B. rapa from a combination of sources, including population surveys, remote sensing, pollen dispersal profiles, herbarium data, local Floras, and other floristic databases. Across the United Kingdom, we estimate that 32,000 hybrids form annually in waterside B. rapa populations, whereas the less abundant weedy populations contain 17,000 hybrids. These findings set targets for strategies to eliminate hybridization and represent the first step toward quantitative risk assessment on a national scale.     

和田绿洲蒸发能力预测的多因素GM(1,3)模型

在灰关联分析的基础上，找出了影响和田绿洲蒸发能力变化的主要影响因子为平均气温与相对湿度。根据灰色GM（1，N）建模原理，对和田绿洲蒸发能力建立了GM（1，3）预测模型，经检验模型预测结果较好，同时也说明了GM（1，N）模型在中长期水文预报中的适用性。     

第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆鉴定方法的建立

[目的]建立一种广谱性鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsp基因大豆的检测方法,为准确鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆及其产品提供技术支持.[方法]根据第一、二代转基因大豆的cp4-epsp基因保守序列设计一对能同时鉴定两代转基因大豆外源基因cp4-epsps的引物和探针,建立一种广谱性鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆的方法,并从准确性、特异性、灵敏性及重复性4个方面对该方法进行评估.[结果]设计的引物/探针对鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆及其产品具有广谱性;建立的检测方法能检测到反应体系中低至5×100拷贝的cp4-epsps基因,Ct为38.88,且能同时检测出两代转基因大豆.准确性和特异性评估结果显示仅两代转cp4-epsp基因的大豆能被检测到;40次重复试验结果显示,反应体系中5×100拷贝的cp4-epsps基因片段的检出率为100%.[结论]建立的第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆鉴定方法具有特异强、灵敏度高、重复性好、准确性高等特点,可用于转cp4-epsp基因大豆及其产品的监测.     

Function of PI3Kgamma in thymocyte development, T cell activation, and neutrophil migration

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate fundamental cellular responses such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, and adhesion. Viable gene-targeted mice lacking the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3Kgamma were generated. We show that PI3Kgamma controls thymocyte survival and activation of mature T cells but has no role in the development or function of B cells. PI3Kgamma-deficient neutrophils exhibited severe defects in migration and respiratory burst in response to heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and chemotactic agents. PI3Kgamma links GPCR stimulation to the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate and the activation of protein kinase B, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Thus, PI3Kgamma regulates thymocyte development, T cell activation, neutrophil migration, and the oxidative burst.     

Gene therapy of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1 disease

Severe combined immunodeficiency-X1 (SCID-X1) is an X-linked inherited disorder characterized by an early block in T and natural killer (NK) lymphocyte differentiation. This block is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the gammac cytokine receptor subunit of interleukin-2, -4, -7, -9, and -15 receptors, which participates in the delivery of growth, survival, and differentiation signals to early lymphoid progenitors. After preclinical studies, a gene therapy trial for SCID-X1 was initiated, based on the use of complementary DNA containing a defective gammac Moloney retrovirus-derived vector and ex vivo infection of CD34+ cells. After a 10-month follow-up period, gammac transgene-expressing T and NK cells were detected in two patients. T, B, and NK cell counts and function, including antigen-specific responses, were comparable to those of age-matched controls. Thus, gene therapy was able to provide full correction of disease phenotype and, hence, clinical benefit.