氟啶虫胺腈饵剂对红火蚁毒杀活性及行为影响

为了给红火蚁化学防控提供新药剂,本文测定了氟啶虫胺腈对红火蚁中、小型工蚁的毒杀活性及行为能力的影响作用。制备了不同浓度的氟啶虫胺腈饵剂,分别测定其对红火蚁工蚁的毒杀活性以及对抓附能力、攀爬能力和行走能力等的影响。结果表明:0.01%、0.02%、0.03%的氟啶虫胺腈饵剂处理5 d后,小型工蚁的校正死亡率分别为35.18%、66.66%、100.00%,抓附率分别为65.00%、31.67%、0.00%,攀爬率分别为55.00%、31.67%、0.00%,行走率分别为61.67%、30.00%、0.00%;中型工蚁的校正死亡率分别为22.47%、55.06%、100.00%,抓附率分别为68.33%、33.33%、1.67%,攀爬率分别为63.33%、33.33%、0.00%,行走率分别为61.67%、30.00%、0.00%。在设计剂量下,氟啶虫胺腈饵剂对红火蚁工蚁具有较好的毒杀活性,且对其行为能力有显著的抑制作用。     

不同饵剂对红火蚁的田间防控效果

本文探究了2.15%吡虫啉、0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈和0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯等4种不同有效成分的杀蚁饵剂对红火蚁的防控效果。结果表明,4种饵剂处理两次施药后均可有效灭除红火蚁蚁巢及工蚁,第一次施药后7 d,以0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯的防治效果最高,达82.06%,2.15%吡虫啉防治效果最低,为56.4%;第二次施药后28 d, 0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈和0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯的防治效果均达92%以上。综上,0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈、0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯可有效防治红火蚁,建议在生产中轮换推广使用。     

硫氟磺酰胺、氟虫腈和苯氧威3种饵剂对红火蚁的防效初探

在红火蚁严重发生地区进行的药效试验表明,0.5%硫氟磺酰胺饵剂投放后15d药效开始发挥,25d后处理蚁巢全部死亡,药后70d调查结果显示,其对红火蚁的校正防治效果高达94.1%;0.001%氟虫腈饵剂撒施后15d开始发挥药效,30d后蚁巢中无工蚁活动,药后70d调查显示其对红火蚁的防治效果为90.9%;0.5%苯氧威饵剂撒施后40d,在蚁巢中仍能监测到工蚁的活动,70d后调查结果表明其对红火蚁的防治效果为84.9%。统计分析结果说明,0.5%硫氟磺酰胺饵剂和0.001%氟虫腈饵剂对红火蚁的防治效果好于0.5%苯氧威饵剂。由于0.001%氟虫腈饵剂和0.5%苯氧威饵剂是实验室临时配制,虽然其对红火蚁的诱食性较差,但仍能表现较好的防治效果。0.5%硫氟磺酰胺饵剂和0.001%氟虫腈饵剂可以用于红火蚁的防治,0.5%苯氧威饵剂配方需要进一步改进。     

药剂防治红火蚁应用示范效果

本文选用0.1%茚虫威饵剂和1.0%氟蚁腙饵剂对红火蚁进行防治应用示范,结果表明,使用0.1%茚虫威饵剂0.30 kg/667m~2和1.0%氟蚁腙饵剂0.45 kg/667m~2防治红火蚁,药后67 d对蚁巢及工蚁的防治效果均达到97%以上,都具有很好的防治效果,可以替代PFOS类药剂氟虫胺饵剂在生产上使用。建议生产使用0.1%茚虫威饵剂和1.0%氟蚁腙饵剂防治红火蚁时,每个蚁丘投药饵20～30 g,要分别在第一次施药后的30 d和60 d针对残存的活动蚁巢再补施药1次,才能确保把活动的蚁巢全面杀灭。     

几种毒饵对红火蚁的室内诱杀药效试验

阿维菌素、吡丙醚、氟虫腈、吡虫啉、毒死蜱和氟磺酰胺等6种毒饵在室内对红火蚁进行诱杀实验结果表明：氟磺酰胺和吡丙醚的药效均属于慢性,较适于作为红火蚁防控根除的诱杀毒饵药剂;阿维菌素和吡虫啉的药效介于急、慢性之间;而氟虫腈、毒死蜱属于急性毒杀药剂,不适于作为红火蚁诱杀毒饵.其中0.5%氟磺酰胺饵剂作为广西红火蚁发生区的面上防治药剂已取得显著控制效果.     

黑皮果蔗地红火蚁茚虫威防效试验

为掌握黑皮果蔗田间红火蚁高效防控方法,连续2 a在两地黑皮果蔗进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,2021年,0.08%茚虫威饵剂处理后14 d活巢防效达75%以上,工蚁防效达85%以上;处理后21 d活巢防效达85%以上,工蚁防效达90%以上。2022年,0.08%茚虫威饵剂处理后14 d活巢防效达85%以上,工蚁防效达90%以上;处理后21 d活巢防效达90%以上,工蚁防效达95%以上。杀螟丹GR （颗粒剂）各时段防效均不理想。2种药剂对黑皮果蔗生长无影响。茚虫威杀蚁饵剂可以在黑皮果蔗生产中推广应用。     

α -三联噻吩对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta觅食行为和触角功能的影响

通过研究光活化杀虫活性成分 α -三联噻吩( α -T)对红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren工蚁觅食行为和触角识别功能的影响,探讨了光活化成分用于控制红火蚁的可行性。用Potter喷雾法将100 μg/mL的 α -T丙酮水溶液喷施于红火蚁中型工蚁体表,再经紫外(UVA)光照射30 min,在处理后5、10、15、20和30 min时,试蚁对火腿肠的识别率分别为20.00%、25.00%、38.33%、40.00% 和41.67%,对杀虫剂饵料的识别率分别为3.33%、0、0、3.33%和0,聚集率分别为17.50%、38.33%、 32.50%、45.00%和48.33%;经100 μg/mL的 α -T涂抹试蚁触角再经紫外光照处理30 min后,触角对丙酮反应的电位值为-0.177 mV,可正常行走的工蚁比率为75.00%;以100 μg/mL的 α -T涂抹试蚁触角并经紫外光照射30 min后10 h,红火蚁的死亡率为27.50%;上述结果均与 α -T黑暗处理、对照(CK)光照处理和CK黑暗处理结果差异显著。 α -T对红火蚁工蚁食物识别和探路行走能力均具有良好的光活化抑制作用,以其防治红火蚁具有良好可行性。     

4种杀虫剂对西昌市红火蚁的防控试验

在西昌市试验了4种登记用于红火蚁防控的杀虫剂对红火蚁的田间防控效果。结果表明:茚虫威饵剂施用24 d后对蚁巢和工蚁的平均防效分别为71.5%和96.5%,在另一时间段氟蚁腙饵剂施用23 d后对蚁巢和工蚁的平均防效为62.3%和77.0%,以上两种杀虫剂分别施用5次后对蚁巢和工蚁的防效都超过97%,适合在西昌市推广应用。高效氯氰菊酯粉剂施用24 d后对蚁巢和工蚁的平均防效分别为67.5%和76.0%,其杀灭速度较快,适用于应急防控。     

4种饵剂对红火蚁蚁巢的室外防控效果观察

为了探讨氟虫胺、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、毒死蜱4种药剂对红火蚁野外的毒杀效果。采用毒饵法对试验区内的红火蚁蚁巢进行处理。结果表明:0.5%氟虫胺饵剂和2.0%吡虫啉饵剂对红火蚁蚁巢的防控效果最好,校正减退率分别可达81.16%、79.17%。其次是0.8%氟虫胺饵剂,校正减退率最高可达76.79%。阿维菌素也表现出较好的灭杀效果,校正减退率达63.16%;而1.0%吡虫啉及0.4%毒死蜱微胶囊饵剂对红火蚁的效果最差。通过试验得出:0.5%氟虫胺和2.0%吡虫啉对红火蚁蚁巢的防控效果最好,为研制防治红火蚁的有效药剂之一。     

草皮种植场防治红火蚁的药剂筛选

通过试验比较了12种化学药剂对草皮种植场红火蚁的防治效果。结果表明,饵剂类农药0.5%氟虫胺、0.015%多杀霉素、0.02%多杀霉素的防治效果好且持效期长,药后90d工蚁校正减退率分别为95%、81%和61%,适用于草皮生长中、后期红火蚁的防治。而液剂类和颗粒剂类药剂防治作用迅速,但持效期较短,适用于草皮生长初期红火蚁的防治。     

牛筋草内生菌砖红链霉菌CSF09杀虫成分鉴定及活性初步研究

为了从微生物中筛选天然杀虫活性化合物,从牛筋草中分离到1株具有杀虫活性的内生放线菌砖红链霉菌Streptomyces lateritius CSF09。采用大孔吸附树脂提取和硅胶柱层析技术,从CSF09菌株发酵液中分离到1个杀虫活性成分,通过质谱和核磁共振波谱鉴定了其化学结构,并初步测定了该化合物对3龄粘虫幼虫和家蝇成虫的杀虫活性。结果表明:该菌株发酵液中的杀虫活性成分为4-甲氧基水杨醛,发酵单位约为13 mg/L;4-甲氧基水杨醛对家蝇和粘虫均表现出一定的触杀活性,其中对家蝇的LD50值为1.51 μg/头,对粘虫毒力较弱,以10 μg/头剂量处理时校正死亡率仅为36.6%;4-甲氧基水杨醛杀虫活性的突出特性是作用迅速,其击倒中时（KT50）大多在5 min以内。研究表明,4-甲氧基水杨醛具有一定的卫生杀虫剂开发应用潜力。     

Laboratory evaluation of two novel strategies to control first-instar gypsy moth larvae with spinosad applied to tree trunks

Two strategies for controlling first-instar larvae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L)), insecticidal bait and contact insecticide applied directly to the tree trunk, were evaluated in the laboratory. Spinosad was selected as a candidate natural-product insecticide that is active both by contact and ingestion. Incorporated into artificial diet-based bait, spinosad was toxic to neonate larvae with a minimal 10-s feeding period, with an LC50 value of 20 (15-26, 95% confidence interval) mg liter-1. It was significant that neonate larvae did not discriminate between spinosad-treated and control diet. Efficacy of diet-based bait in the laboratory, however, was significantly impacted by previous exposure to diet; fed larvae did not stop at the bait and did not incur mortality, as compared to unfed larvae. Oak bark was a suitable substrate from which neonate larvae could contact spinosad residues. Spinosad applied directly to oak bark resulted in significant mortality after 1- and 4-min crawling contact exposure times (LC50 = 24 [20-29, 95% CI] and 8.7 [6.9-11, 95% CI] mg liter-1, respectively) and contact activity persisted for 2 weeks. While contact activity was more potent on glass surfaces than on oak bark, the LC50 values differed only by factors of 2.4 and 3.6, for 1- and 4-min exposures respectively.     

密褐褶孔菌Gloeophyllum trabeum对几种杀虫剂跟踪反应及对水坝白蚁诱杀效果的影响

测定了毒死蜱、氰戊菊酯、阿维菌素和氟虫腈等 4种杀虫剂与不同饵料混合后对家白蚁 Coptotermes formosanus和黄肢散白蚁 Reticulitermes flaviceps的口服毒性。在此基础上比较了各种饵料及由它们配成的毒饵对黄肢散白蚁的引诱力。结果表明 ,白蚁对甘蔗粉的喜好程度远超过对淀粉和松木粉。而受密褐褶孔菌 Gloeop hyllum trabeum侵染的甘蔗粉对白蚁的引诱力又远超过未受侵染的甘蔗粉。 4种杀虫剂中除氰戊菊酯外 ,另 3种与受侵染甘蔗粉制成的毒饵均能够在不损失杀白蚁活性的同时保留其对白蚁的引诱力。其中毒死蜱毒饵在为期30 d的水坝白蚁诱杀防治中取得最高 (6 6 .7% )的防治效果。     

Argentine ant control around homes: efficacy of treatments and urban runoff

ABSTRACT

Pest management professionals in California receive more customer complaints about Argentine ants than for any other urban ant pest. Fipronil, applied as a 30 × 30 cm band around the house foundation, has become the preferred treatment used to control these ants. Unfortunately, fipronil is now showing up in urban waterways at levels that are toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Our recent studies are aimed at mitigating insecticide runoff while still controlling the ant infestations. A high priority is preventing fipronil runoff from the driveway to the street, where it can flow into drains and from there to urban waterways. In this paper, two related studies address these issues. Not treating driveways with fipronil reduced by two to three orders of magnitude its runoff when compared with earlier studies. However, not treating the driveway can reduce efficacy of treatments. Granular bifenthrin, indoxacarb, botanicals, and a thiamethoxam ant bait were tested as supplemental treatments. The gel bait showed the best result as a supplement, but only after 8 weeks. We have reduced fipronil runoff while maintaining efficacy of the ant treatments.     

Combined use of a synthetic trail pheromone and insecticidal bait provides effective control of an invasive ant

BACKGROUND: Except for sex pheromones, use of pheromones in pest management has been largely unexplored. A high concentration of trail pheromone disrupts ant trail following and foraging, and thus synthetic trail pheromone can be a novel control agent for pest ants. In this study, a year‐long treatment of small areas (100 m² plots of urban house gardens) with synthetic trail pheromone, insecticidal bait or both was conducted to develop a novel control method of the invasive Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr). RESULTS: The ant population could be maintained lower than or similar to the initial level only by combined treatment with synthetic trail pheromone and insecticidal bait. Actually, the ant population was nearly always lowest in combination treatment plots. Throughout the study period, the ant population in plots treated with either one of synthetic trail pheromone or insecticidal bait remained similar to no‐treatment plots. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment may be a more effective and environmentally friendly method for controlling invasive ants than conventional methods. Extermination of ants by insecticidal bait and inhibition of re‐infestation by pheromone may be the mechanism of the combination effect. This is the first study to show a significant effect of synthetic trail pheromone on ant population. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)-laboratory studies

The insecticidal activity of a cockroach gel bait containing a chitin synthesis inhibitor, noviflumuron, was evaluated using laboratory and field strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Noviflumuron gel bait (0.01-5 mg g(-1)) caused > or = 90% nymphal mortality to laboratory and field strains of B. germanica in choice tests after 11 and 19 days of continuous exposure respectively. In 1 m x 1 m bioassay arenas, laboratory strain B. germanica population levels exposed to 5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait or 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait were significantly lower than untreated population levels after 3 weeks and 1 week of exposure respectively. Various noviflumuron bait exposure periods (2, 4 and 7 weeks) caused similar population reductions, with a mean of 99.3 (+/- 0.3)% at 7 weeks. Fipronil gel bait caused 100% population reduction at 2 weeks post-exposure. The control population increased 89.0% at 7 weeks. In a simulated kitchen experiment with mixed stage laboratory populations, cockroach trap catches decreased 96.8 (+/- 2.0)% at 8 weeks in the 0.5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait treatment. The trap catches in the control increased 506.5 (+/- 493.7)% during the same period. Trap catch reduction by 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait reached 100% at 4 weeks. Noviflumuron bait caused significantly lower nymph/total ratios to B. germanica populations in bioassay arenas from 2 weeks after exposure, demonstrating its effectiveness as a control agent for B. germanica with a pattern of activity similar to that expected from a chitin synthesis inhibitor.     

A new fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) bait base carrier for moist conditions

BACKGROUND: A new water‐resistant fire ant bait (T‐bait; cypermethrin 0.128%) consisting of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a carrier was developed and evaluated against a standard commercial bait (Advion^®; indoxacarb 0.045%) under both laboratory and field conditions. RESULTS: When applying the normal T‐bait or Advion^® in the laboratory, 100% of Solenopsis invicta Buren worker ants were killed within 4 days. However, when the T‐bait and Advion^® were wetted, 70.6 and 39.7% of the ants were killed respectively. Under field conditions, dry T‐bait and dry Advion^® had almost the same efficacy against ant colonies. However, when T‐bait and Advion^® came in contact with water, the former's ability to kill S. invicta colonies in the field was only marginally reduced, while Advion^® lost virtually all of its activity. In addition, DDGS was also shown to be compatible with a number of other insecticides, such as d‐allethrin, permethrin and pyrethrin. CONCLUSION: Based on its properties of remaining attractive to the fire ants when wetted, combined with its ant‐killing abilities both in the laboratory and in the field, T‐bait is an efficient fire ant bait, especially under moist conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

鱼藤毒饵防治伊大头蚁的初步研究

将对昆虫有胃毒作用的鱼藤Derris hancei Hemsl根粉碎后与植物淀粉、糖、脂肪和香料配制成的1-1．5mm的颗粒诱饵对伊大头蚁Pheidole yeensis Ford进行毒杀试验,结果表明含10％的毒饵、72h毒杀效果达100％。