马蓝基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应体系的优化

摘 要：以马蓝为研究材料,对马蓝基因组DNA的提取以及RAPD-PCR反应体系进行了优化。结果表明,在提取液中加入PVP和β-巯基乙醇去除酚类物质,采用高盐沉淀DNA和多次洗涤去除糖类,可以得到高质量的马蓝基因组DNA。电泳检测结果表明,所获得的DNA完整,无降解,完全可以满足RAPD等分子标记分析的需要。同时对马蓝RAPD-PCR反应体系中各个影响因素进行了优化,建立了适合马蓝RAPD分子标记的最佳反应体系,即20μl反应体系中含有1.25UTaqDNA聚合酶,0.25mmol/LdNTP,2.5mmol/LMg2+,50ng模板DNA,1.0μmol/L引物;反应程序中最佳退火温度为38℃。     

蓖麻RAPD-PCR反应体系的正交优化

以东北蓖麻为材料建立蓖麻RAPD反应优化体系,用于蓖麻遗传多样性分析.用CTAB提取蓖麻基因组DNA,采用正交试验对影响蓖麻RAPD-PCR扩增的反应组分浓度进行优化.结果表明最佳的蓖麻RAPD-PCR反应体系(25μ1)中含10xbuffer 2.5μ1,模板DNA 4ng/μ1,dNTP 0.4mmol/L,引物0.321μmol/L及Taq酶0.1U/μ1.扩增程序为94℃预变性2min;94℃变性30s,35℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min20s;40个循环;72℃延伸5min.通过正交体系优化,获得了较优的蓖麻凡RAPD-PCR反应体系,为蓖麻RAPD分子标记提供了理论基础.     

萝卜基因组DNA RAPD与ISSR-PCR反应体系优化

对影响PCR反应的主要因子———模板DNA、引物、dNTPs和Mg2 浓度进行优化,建立起适合于萝卜基因组DNA的RAPD和ISSR反应体系。RAPD反应体系(18μl)为随机引物0.4~0.6μmol/L,dNTPs0.15~0.2mmol/L,Mg2 2.0mmol/L,模板DNA10~40ng,TaqDNA聚合酶0.8U;ISSR反应体系(16μl)为引物0.5μmol/L,dNTPs0.16mmol/L,Mg2 2.5mmol/L,模板DNA10~40ng,TaqDNA聚合酶0.64U。对扩增程序中复性温度进行了梯度PCR试验,表明35~42℃(37℃)与52.4~58.3℃(55℃)分别适于萝卜基因组DNA的RAPD-PCR和ISSR-PCR反应;应用优化的RAPD和IS-SR反应体系对17个萝卜品种进行了鉴定分析。研究结果将为萝卜分子育种、品种鉴定与种子纯度检测提供重要的技术基础。     

亚洲百合DNA的提取及RAPD-PCR反应体系的优化

为了促进亚洲百合分子水平的研究,以亚洲百合幼嫩叶片为材料,采用改良CTAB法提取亚洲百合基因组DNA,得到的DNA质量较高,适合于RAPD -PCR分析。通过单因素优化得到在25μl反应体系中,亚洲百合RAPD 分析的最佳反应体系：160μmol/ L dNTPs,0.3μmol/L随机引物,Taq DNA聚合酶1.5U,Mg2＋浓度2.0mmol/L。     

丝瓜SRAP-PCR体系建立与优化

本文以丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem)基因组DNA为模板,采用正交试验设计,对SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism, 序列相关扩增多态性)反应体系中的4种关键因素（dNTPs、Taq酶、引物、模板）进行优化,建立了适合于丝瓜基因组SRAP分子标记的扩增体系：反应总体积10μl,其中含Taq酶1.0 U、模板DNA 50.00 ng、dNTPs 0.3mmol/L、引物0.30μmol/L。该体系能很好地满足丝瓜基因组SRAP标记的要求,可应用于丝瓜的分子生物学研究。     

甘薯DNA提取及ISSR反应体系的建立

以甘薯幼叶为试验材料,对甘薯基因组DNA的提取,并对其纯度、浓度进行检测,结果表明,DNA扩增效果良好,完全能满足进一步试验的需要.同时对甘薯ISSR-PCR反应体系中各个影响因素进行了优化,建立了适合甘薯ISSR分子标记的最佳反应体系,即在20μl的反应体系中,含稀释浓度为10倍的DNA模板,0.30 mmol/L dNTP,1.00μmol/L引物,1.00UTaq酶,0.5%去离子甲酰胺比较适合甘薯DNA的特异扩增.     

鼠尾草属植物基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件优化

以鼠尾草属植物叶片为材料,提取基因组DNA,并对RAPD反应条件进行了系统优化.结果表明,采用核DNA法提取的DNA质量较高,适宜于RAPD分析;RAPD扩增最佳反应体系为20μl反应体系中,10×buffer 2.0μl,模板DNA 20 ng,Mg 浓度2.0 mmol/L,引物浓度0.6μmol/L,dNTPs浓度0.2mmol/L,Taq酶1.0U.扩增反应程序为94℃预变性5min,94℃变性1min,36℃退火1main,72℃延伸2main;40个循环;72℃后延伸10main,4℃保存.     

软枣猕猴桃RAPD分子标记反应体系的优化

以长白山地区及韩国等9个采样点采集的软枣猕猴桃新鲜幼叶为试材,进行RAPD分子标记反应扩增体系的优化。对实验结果影响较大的5个因素(模板DNA浓度,引物浓度, MgCl_2浓度, dNTP浓度, Taq DNA聚合酶浓度)进行单因素设计,以寻找最佳反应浓度。结果表明,总反应体积为20μL时,模板DNA 40 ng、引物浓度0.3μmol/L、MgCl_2浓度2.0 mmol/L、dNTP浓度250μmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶2.0 U。此时扩增条带多、电泳结果清晰稳定,表明该体系是一个适合软枣猕猴桃RAPD分子标记反应的体系。该体系的建立有利于软枣猕猴桃的亲缘关系和遗传多样性分析。     

小桐子基因组DNA的提取及ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

为从小桐子嫩叶中提取高质量的基因组DNA.采用改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA通过OD260/OD280比值测定,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和ISSR-PCR扩增检测,结果表明改良CTAB法提取的DNA纯度高.可作为ISSR分子标记的模板.同时,采用正交设计的方法,对影响小桐子ISSR-PCR反应体系中的4个因素(引物、Taq DNA Polymerase、10xBuffer(含Mg2 )、dNTPs)在3个水平上进行优化试验.建立了适合小桐子的既稳定又能扩出最多数量谱带的ISSR最优反应体系,即20μl的反应体系中含有30ng模板DNA、0.2mmol/L dNTP、0.3 U Taq酶Polymerase、0.8μmol/L Primer、3.0hanoi/L10×Buffer(含Mg2 ).     

雷公藤叶片DNA提取及RAPD反应体系建立

摘要］目的：筛选并建立雷公藤叶片基因组DNA的RAPD（Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA）技术最优反应体系。方法：采用改良的CTAB法提取叶片总DNA,然后通过对RAPD反应体系中最主要的退火温度、引物浓度、dNTP浓度、DNA模板浓度以及Tag DNA聚合酶浓度等5个因子逐个进行单因子优化。结果：20μl PCR反应体系中,雷公藤叶片基因组DNA RAPD最优反应体系为,最佳温度36℃,引物浓度为1.1μmol/L,dNTP浓度1.25mmol/L,DNA模板浓度3790 ng/L,Tag DNA聚合酶用量为5.625 U/L。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.