世界养羊业的现状与发展趋势

介绍了世界养羊业的现状，综述了世界上主要养羊国家养羊业的现代发展趋势；在此基础上，阐述了我国养羊业的发展概况并提出了相应的发展策略。     

舍饲养羊应注意的问题

笔者针对养羊户的电话及来信咨询，就发展养羊过程中应该注意的问题谈一下自己的看法，供参考。一、舍饲养羊是养羊业的发展方向农户分散放牧饲养的传统养羊方式所造成的农牧矛盾严重阻碍了农区养羊业的快速发展，改传统的农户分散放牧饲养为规模化舍饲养羊是农区大力发展养羊业的必由之路。同时，发展舍饲养羊可以使养羊场（户）养羊数量形成较大规模，便于养羊科学技术新成果在养羊生产中的推广应用，可促进低经济效益、低科技附加值的传统养羊业向高科技附加值的规模化高效生产方式的转变，养殖户可从中获取规模效益。二、舍饲养羊要准备…     

青海互助县养羊业的现状、存在问题及发展对策

近年来，随着人民生活水平的提高，膳食结构的改变，羊肉越来越多地被人们食用。因此，我县的养羊业也得到了很快的发展，尤其是我国已加入WTO，作为畜牧业中的养羊业逐渐成为农民脱贫致富奔小康的必然选择，但是也存在诸如农户不计劳动力成本，养羊停留在传统饲养，养羊效益差、商品率低等急待解决的问题，在一定程度上制约了养羊业的发展，现就互助县养羊业存在问题及发展对策浅析如下。     

正确处理养羊业与生态农业建设的关系

本文通过对延安市北部８县养羊业现状，存在问题，及今后发展思路的调研。肯定了养羊业作为振兴延安市农村经济的主导产业地位，阐明当前在处理养羊业与生态农业建设关系中存在五个的问题，并提出了正确处理生态农业建设与稳定发展养羊业关系的八点建议。     

21世纪的中国及世界养羊业的现状和发展趋势

我国养羊业历史悠久，早在夏商时代就有养羊文字记载。建国后，在党和各级政府的领导下，我国养羊业得到迅速发展。20世纪90年代中期以来在大力发展节粮型草食畜牧业和西部大开发的大背景下，全国各地因地制宜大力发展养羊业，进入21世纪，随着我国经济迅速发展和加入世贸组织，我国养羊业既存在机遇又面临挑战。在充分了解中国养羊业自身特点的基础上，根据本国特色，大力发展养羊业，     

冀东地区羊常见寄生虫病的诊疗体会

近几年来，冀东地区养羊业日渐兴旺，密集化程度越来越高。笔者在实践工作中发现寄生虫病防不胜防，成了养业一大隐患，对养羊业的威胁仅次于传染病，严重制约了养羊业的发展。……     

河北省养羊业发展方向及对策

近一两年来．全省养羊业的饲养方式逐步完成了从放牧向放牧加舍饲和全舍饲的转变，随着养羊成本的增加，养羊效益下降；前几年进口种羊及当地种羊价格连年攀升的局面已不复存在．取而代之的是种羊市场的异常萧条，种羊甚至有行无市。养羊场（户），尤其是种羊场面对目前严峻的形势，不能被击跨．要保持清醒的头脑，认清养羊业的发展方向，及时正确决策，少走弯路。下面是笔者依据多年的经验，根据我国、我省养羊的发展状况，结合世界各国养羊业发展所走过的道路，以及我国肉羊生产的新形势．提出我省养羊业发展方向及对策。     

我国现代养羊业集约化、产业化发展模式的探讨

养羊业是我国畜牧产业的重要组成部分，是促进农民增收的有效途径。当前，我国养羊业以散养为主饲养管理和经营模式，与现阶段我国市场经济的高速发展不相适应，因此，改变落后的生产方式，积极探索发展集约化、规模化、标准化、产业化养羊模式，提高产品在国际市场上的竞争力，确保我国养羊业的健康、高速、可持续性发展。     

青海省养羊业存在的问题及发展建议

青海省地大物博、草地资源丰富，发展养羊业有着得天独厚的优势。然而，近年来由于牧草资源减少、草畜矛盾突出等，造成羊群生产力不高，导致养羊经济效益低下，挫伤了农牧民的养殖积极性。本文从青海省实际出发，分析了当下养羊业存在的问题，并提出了发展建议。     

河北省养羊业存在问题及发展方向

近年来随着我省畜牧经济的发展，养羊业以其投资少、见效快、资源利用率高、技术易掌握等优势，已成为我省畜牧业中新兴产业的发展重点。随着我国加入WTO，我省养羊业面临着良好的发展机遇。针对我省养羊业面临的国际、国内形势，我省养羊业如何发展是我们亟需面对的问题。一、存在问题（一）养羊业良种化程度低我省目前各地饲养的绵、山羊品种主要以本地品种为主，多数存在个体小、生长速度慢、产肉量低、山羊产绒量少等缺点。为提高本地绵、山羊生产性能，我省也先后从国内外引进了部分优良品种，如夏洛来、无角陶赛特、德克塞尔和萨福…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.