LRH-A_3提高母猪产仔率的研究

促排卵素3号(LRH-A_3)能促进排卵及有利于早期胚胎的存活。该试验采用LRH-A_3处理断奶后的经产母猪,解决母猪产后乏情的问题。研究发现,母猪配种时肌肉注射LRH-A_3受孕率比对照组提高22.2%,发情后肌肉注射LRH-A3后6~8 h配种比对照组提高27.78%,在窝产仔数方面,两种方法分别比对照组提高8.3%和8.6%,两种处理法显著优于未处理组。试验表明,配种时肌肉注射LRH-A_3能够提高经产母猪受孕率与产仔数。     

母猪的同期发情配种试验

选择119头青年母猪和425头经产母猪进行同期发情配种试验。青年母猪每天1次饲喂20 mg孕酮(Al-trenogest),连续饲喂18 d。最后一次饲喂Altrenogest 24 h后,每头青年母猪肌注1000 IU马的绒毛膜促性腺激素(eCG)。eCG处理80 h后每头猪肌注50μg促黄体激素释放激素(LRH)。LRH注射24 h后进行第1次人工授精,16￣17h后进行第2次人工授精。经产母猪断奶24h后肌注1000IU eCG。其他的处理同青年母猪。母猪配种30d后用超声波进行妊娠诊断。结果表明:青年母猪和经产母猪的妊娠率分别为83.2%和80.5%,无显著性差异。     

梅花鹿剖腹产诊治研究

本文是笔者在近年养鹿实践中 ,对梅花鹿剖腹产进行了诊治研究的总结。较详尽地阐述了梅花鹿剖腹产的适应症、剖腹产的手术方法和术后护理等问题。通过 1 5例难产手术证明 ,仔鹿成活率达 80 % ,母鹿成活率达 1 0 0 %。     

猫难产剖腹取胎一例

在兽医临床上,关予猫的难产、剖腹产国内报道不多。笔者在1984年4月19日遇到经产母猫难产,用剖腹产术获成功。     

在母猪群养系统下，仔猪死亡率的相关因素

本试验研究了在母猪群养系统下的仔猪断奶前的死亡率与经产母猪、母猪产仔行为，仟猪出生后24h内的死亡率。     

母猪难产的诊疗

母猪难产是临床常见的一种病症,多见于初产母猪,经产母猪少见。笔者曾在青海省湟中县海子沟乡某村遇一经产母猪发生难产,施剖腹产术后获得成功,现报告如下。     

小鹿犬剖腹产病例

2008年9月15目,邳州市市区一居民宋女士送来一难产母小鹿犬,2岁,体重2．2kg。该犬阵缩、努责逐渐减弱,精神状态差,阴户时常滴出暗红色液体已经维持24h。触诊,腹部有香肠样物质充塞在骨盆腔入口处,手刺激产道后,母犬努责稍增强,但胎儿没有娩出,判断母犬身体已经虚弱,幼犬成活率比较低。经犬主同意后进行了剖腹产。笔者现将手术过程详述如下,供广大同行参考。     

安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交及其效果研究

［目的］为了进一步优化牦牛肉品质,有效缩短牦牛养殖周期,提高其受胎率和犊牛成活率。［方法］本研究进行了安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交试验,,利用安格斯肉牛冷冻精液,对251头经产母牦牛进行了人工授精。［结果］人工授精后,分别于2013年产犊42头,成活率66.67%;2014年产犊51头,成活率95.7%;2015年产犊67头,成活率91.04%。［结论］牦牛膘情较好时期,受胎率可达83.33%,接近于奶牛人工授精的受胎率,达到了青海省牦牛人工授精的较高水平。     

应用PCR检测成年鸭体内鸭瘟强毒的分布

鸭瘟病毒(DPV)强毒经人工接种和同居感染100日龄鸭后，应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测病毒在鸭体内各组织器官的动态分布。试验结果表明，DPV强毒经肌肉注射进入鸭体后6h可在肝、脾、血液和粪便中检测到DPV DNA；DPV强毒经肌肉注射到鸭体后各受检样品被检测到DPV DNA的先后顺序为：肝、脾、血液和直肠粪便(6h)→肺、脑和腿肌(12h)→肾和胸肌(24h)；同居鸭于混群后48h在肝、肺、血液和直肠粪便中检出DPV DNA；DPV强毒经同居感染鸭后各受检样品检测到DPV DNA的先后顺序为：肝、肺、血液和直肠粪便(48h)→脾和脑(72h)→胸肌和腿肌(96h)→肾(120h)。     

不同同期发情方法和输精时间对奶牛受胎率的影响

为了提高奶牛的繁殖力,本试验采取两种不同的给药方法分别对青年母牛和经产母牛进行同期发情处理,并比较研究了发情后不同输精时间对受胎率的影响。结果表明,①两种同期发情的处理方法均取得了较高的同期发情率,方法Ⅱ的处理效果较好,经此法处理的青年母牛和经产母牛的同期发情率分别比方法Ⅰ的处理效果高出3.34和1.67个百分点;②采用两种同期发情处理方法,青年母牛组间和经产母牛组间的同期发情率差异不显著(P>0.05),但两组青年母牛的同期发情率(88.33%、91.67%)均高于经产母牛的同期发情率(85.00%、86.67%)。③青年母牛最佳配种时间为发情后10～12h,而成年母牛最佳配种时间为发情后13～15h。     

益母生化散对八眉猪繁殖性能的影响效果

选用健康状况良好的经产八眉猪二元母猪(2～4胎次)120头,随机分成2组。试验组的处理方法为:母猪产后2～3h后饲喂益母生化散,随后相隔24～48h在进行第二次饲喂和第三次饲喂;对照组只注射一针抗生素(青霉素钾)药物之后,两组在相同的饲养管理条件下,进行跟踪观察两组母猪在下一繁殖周期中出现产科疾病猪头数,35d断奶至配种平均间隔天数、情期受胎率、产仔率及淘汰率等繁殖生产成绩。试验结果表明,试验组35d断奶至配种平均间隔天数、情期受胎率和产仔率比对照组有明显改善,差异显著(P<0.05).     

Prediction of Mature Weight and Maturing Rate from Body Measurements Taken on Angus and Charolais Calves at Birth

The objective of this study was to use body measurements taken at birth to predict mature weight (MW) and maturing rate (MR) of mature cows. Measurements for length of rear leg from hook to dewclaw (LL), circumference of forearm (FA), heart girth circumference, body length from point of shoulder to pin bone (BL), width at loin (WL), width at hip, and depth at chest (DC) were taken within 24 h of birth on 131 purebred female Angus calves and 39 purebred Charolais female calves in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Fifty-four Angus and 20 Charolais cavles were available for estimates of MW and MR. Stepwise regression determined which traits would be significant predictors of MW and MR. Early BW or ADG (for various intervals up to 1 yr of age) were also included in some models. Stepwise regression, including the seven body measurements, resulted in the following equations: MW = −230.12 + 22.54 (LL) +16.38 (FA) + 1.12 (BL) + 30.61 (WL) − 21.66 (DC) and MR = 0.10018 − 0.00038 (BL). The R² values were 0.46 and 0.29, respectively. Including early BW or ADG in models for MW did not result in higher R² values, although models with fewer traits included were obtained. Results of this study indicate that body measurements taken at birth may be useful in predicting MW and MR of cows.     

Acquired immunity to Toxocara canis infection in mice

Acquired immunity develops against Toxocara canis infection in mice, and NIH mice are more immunoresponsive than CD1 mice. Twice infected NIH female mice showed 27% reduction in the total larval recoveries compared with non-sensitized controls. Twice-infected NIH male, and CD1 (both sexes) mice showed a negligible reduction in the total recoveries, though a significant (P less than 0.05) number of larvae were retained in the liver compared with the non-sensitized controls. All twice-infected mice showed a significant reduction in the number of larvae recovered from the brain compared with once-infected mice. Vaccination using ultraviolet irradiated embryonated eggs gave the best protection against reinfection. Excretory/secretory antigen afforded less protection, whilst whole adult worm vaccine and whole L2 culture vaccine gave no protection. Vaccinated mice had a higher 'free:penetrating ratio' of larvae in their intestine than similarly challenged but non-vaccinated mice. When the ileum was examined histologically 9 h post-infection, an inflammatory reaction was seen around the penetrating larvae in the sensitized and vaccinated mice but not in untreated controls, suggesting a role played by the intestine in the resistance against T. canis infection in mice.     

Sternal recumbency or suspension by the hind legs immediately after delivery improves respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra uterine life in newborn calves delivered by caesarean section

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body positioning immediately after delivery on respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra-uterine life in newborn calves. One hundred and one Belgian White and Blue calves were delivered at term by an elective caesarean section and were assigned into three categories according to the body position imposed immediately after umbilical cord rupture: 71 calves were placed in lateral recumbency; 16 calves were placed in sternal recumbency and 14 calves were suspended by the hind legs for less than 90 seconds (75 +/- 5 s). Following this initial body position, the calves were allowed to move without restraint. They were examined at birth, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, and 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after birth by the following measurements: physical examination, heart rate, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests using the esophageal balloon catheter technique, arterial and venous blood acid-base balance analysis, rectal temperature, jugular venous blood sampling for the determination of blood glucose, plasma lactate and serum cortisol concentrations, haematologic variables and passive immune transfer variables. Body positioning immediately after delivery clearly influenced respiratory and metabolic adaptation to extra-uterine life in term calves delivered by an elective caesarean section. Systematic sternal recumbency and suspension by the hind legs for less than 90 seconds immediately after umbilical cord rupture had a positive functional impact on postnatal pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange and on postnatal correction of mixed acidosis present at birth, contributing in turn to an enhanced passive immune transfer. These two body positions should be encouraged to improve adaptation at birth in healthy term calves delivered by an elective caesarean section. Evaluation of possible side-effects is required before application in severely asphyxiated calves.     

Caesarean section in sows anesthetized with Azaperone and Metomidate (author's transl)]

213 caesarean sections and 157 hysterectomies were carried out in gilts and sows with different body weight (table I). The neuroleptic Azaperone and the hypnotic Metomidate were used for anaesthesia with different administration (table II). Local analgesia and premedication with Atropine. The duration of the anaesthesia was 45 minutes and where prolongation was necessary, Metomidate, Azaperone or barbiturates were used alone or in combinations once or more. The indications (table III) for caesarean section were retarded birth in 70 sows, dislocation of uterus in 74 sows and in 69 sows by other indications. Hysterectomy was indicated by retarded birth in 93 sows, dislocations of uterus in 40 cases and in 24 cases by other indications. In 183 operations (table IV) 1006 living piglets were delivered, and 703 were alive at discharge (70%). The chances of survival depends on the composition of the litter, in litters of piglets alive only, 76% survived at discharge; in litters consisting of both alive and stillborn 69% survived and 59% survived in litters consisting of piglets alive and post mortem piglets. The total survival of the sows was 78%, 80% after caesarean section and 76% after hysterectomy. It is pointed out that most of the patients operated were in a very late phase of birth.     

POSTNATAL MORTALITY, BODYWEIGHT GAIN AND WOOL PRODUCTION TO TWO YEARS OF AGE OF LAMBS SURVIVING CAESAREAN OR STRESSFUL VAGINAL BIRTH

SUMMARY This experiment tested the hypothesis that prolonged, stressful vaginal birth in sheep results in injury to the fetal CNS manifest by meningeal haemorhage, thereby causing increased neonatal mortality or depressed production of affected survivors. Mortality, bodyweight gain and wool production to 740 days of age were measured in single-reared Merino lambs surviving caesarean (caesarean group) or artificially prolonged vaginal birth (delayed group). Total mortality of live births in the delayed group was higher than that in the caesarean group (38.7% v. 23.7%, p < 0.025). Virtually all the difference was due to higher neonatal mortality in the delayed group within 7 days of birth compared to the caesarean group (34.2% v. 17.1%, p < 0.01). As meningeal haemorrhage was detected at autopsy of the delayed group only, the additional mortality was attributed to birth injury to the fetal CNS. Fifty-three per cent were affected, at prevalences relative to time of death after birth strongly suggestive of a dose-response to varying levels of birth injury. Meningeal lesions were present in all lambs dying within 3 hours of delivery and in 32% of those dying over the next 7 days. In the latter the lesions were associated invariably with evidence of starvation and cold injury, implying a causal relationship between the presence of meningeal haemorrhage and impaired feeding activity and cold injury. Although stressful birth and presumed sub-lethal injury to the fetal CNS had no permanent adverse effect on the growth and wool production of survivors, there was equivocal evidence of a birth related temporary residual handicap, as the mean growth rate of the delayed group born in 1973 was significantly lower than that of the caesarean group during a three-monthly period of pasture shortage. Stressful vaginal birth clearly increased the level of neonatal mortality. The results also demonstrated the pathological significance of meningeal haemorrhage as an index of stressful birth and presumed damage to the fetal CNS, and strongly suggested the probable role of such injury in the pathogenesis of the starvation-mismothering-exposure complex.     

氯前列烯醇对母蓝狐产仔率及胎产仔数影响的初步研究

为探索进一步提高母狐产仔率及胎产仔数的有效途径和方法,在狐的人工授精程序中通过向精液加入不同剂量的PGF2α类似物———氯前列烯醇,比较各组母狐产仔率、胎平均产仔数,以及各组精子在体外的活力变化。结果表明,氯前列烯醇可以提高母蓝狐的产仔率、胎产仔数,改变精子的休眠状态并活化精子,对狐繁殖具有积极作用,在生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

Isolation of Neospora caninum from a calf in Malaysia

In order to attempt isolate the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, an N. caninum seropositive pregnant Sahiwal Friesian cross heifer from a large-scale dairy farm in Malaysia was kept for observation until parturition at the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh. The heifer gave birth to a female calf that was weak, underweight and unable to rise. Precolostral serum from the calf had an N. caninum indirect fluorescent antibody test titre of 1:3200. It died 12 h after birth and necropsy was performed. Brain homogenate from the calf was inoculated into 10 BALB/c mice that were kept for 3 months after which brain tissue from the mice was inoculated onto 24 h fresh monolayer Vero cell lines. The cell cultures were examined daily until growth of intracellular protozoa was observed. DNA of the organisms from the cell cultures was analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. DNA fragments of the expected size were amplified from the isolate using N. caninum-specific primers, and sequence analysis of ITS1 clearly identified the isolate as N. caninum. This is the first successful isolation of N. caninum from a bovine in Malaysia, and the isolate is designated Nc-MalB1.     

腹腔注射N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸对母鼠发情率、早期胚胎及胚子数的影响

为研究腹腔注射N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对母鼠发情率和早期胚胎及胚子数的影响,试验选取40只昆明小鼠[(26±1.37)g],随机分为对照组和试验组(每组各20只),对照组腹腔注射0.2mL生理盐水,试验组腹腔注射0.2mLNMDA溶液,采用棉签蘸取母鼠阴道黏液,涂片后用苏木精(HE)染色,判定母鼠发情情况。随后在发情母鼠与公鼠合笼后第3天,每组随机取10只颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,冲胚后在体视镜下捡胚观察胚胎个数;第9天处死剩余小鼠,取出子宫统计胚子数。试验结果显示,腹腔注射NMDA试验组母鼠发情率、胚胎数和胚子数分别比对照组提高28.57%、18.18%和12.94%。该试验表明腹腔注射NMDA可促进母鼠的发情,提高早期胚胎和胚子数,为NMDA在动物繁殖中的应用提供了理论基础。     

百例牛剖腹产手术的经验及技术探讨

难产是牛常见的产科病之一，奶牛发病明显高于黄牛。难产发生以后，经过各种办法难以从阴道产出犊牛，就应果断的，不失时机的施行剖腹产手术，从而有效的救治牛只。如能慎重果断的选择病例，早期进行手术，加上熟练的技术，成功率是很高的。