瘤背石磺线粒体基因组全序列分析

采用LA-PCR技术对瘤背石磺线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,瘤背石磺线粒体基因组序列全长13 957 bp,由22个tRNA、2个rRNA、13个蛋白编码基因和19个长度为2~138 bp的非编码区组成。4个蛋白质编码基因和8个tRNA基因从L链编码,其余基因均从H链编码。蛋白质基因的起始密码子,除ND2为TTG以外,均为典型的起始密码子ATN。COⅢ和Cytb基因使用了不完全终止密码子T,其余基因均使用典型的TAA或TAG。预测了22个tRNA基因的二级结构,发现tRNA^Ser缺少DHU臂,tRNA^Ser和tRNA^Thr的反密码子环上有9个碱基,而不是通常的7个碱基。最长的非编码区含有类似于tRNA的二级结构。基于线粒体基因组编码的13个蛋白质的氨基酸序列,用NJ、MP、ME和UPGMA法构建系统进化树。分析6种软体动物之间的亲缘关系,结果与传统的系统分类基本一致。研究初步确定瘤背石磺与平疣桑椹石磺的亲缘关系比与凯尔特石磺的亲缘关系近。     

Fish Oil Resin-Refining:

Four levels of fish oil and macroporous cation strong acid-resin volume ratios, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1, were used to determine the optimum ratio in terms of the quality of refined oil or fraction-1. Fraction-1 (freely flown oil or refined oil) and fraction-2 (oil retained in the column) were analyzed regarding their quality based on free fatty acid, refractive index, colour, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation. The results showed that resin refining process significantly improved the fish oilÆs chemical, physical and sensory quality characteristics. The omega-3 fatty acid content in the refined oil fraction was maintained and the level in fraction-2 was significantly higher than the level in fraction-1. Sensory evaluation indicated that the fraction-1 was significantly better than fraction-2. The fish oil and resin volume ratio of 1:1 was found to be the best due to improvement in sensory and chemical characteristics.     

The South American freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae): new species in Vietnamese aquaculture

The freshwater characiform fish Prochilodus lineatus is a detritivorous species that has its native distribution area in South America but has been imported to China for aquaculture purposes. This is the first time that it is being reported in Vietnam, both from aquaculture and captured from a river channel. According to local authorities, the species is becoming increasingly important in local aquaculture and its spread can be expected. Keeping in mind the high biomass production in the rivers of its native distribution area, a successful establishment of P. lineatus into Vietnamese fresh waters may exert serious impacts on the local ecosystems.     

High Quality Seafood:

No abstract available for this article.     

Extracellular glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase from Aeromonas salmonicida: activation by serine protease

Abstract. Extracellular hacmolytic activities of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida to salmon red blood cells were shown to be due to different forms of the membrane-active enzyme glyccrophospholipidrcholcstcrol acyltransferase (GCAT). About 10% of the total haemolytic activity was due to a high molecular mass complex of LPS and GCAT (mol. mass >1000kDa), containing 35–50% neutral sugars and 1.5–2.0% protein. Some haemolytic activity (30–40% of total), corresponding to 50–70kDa by gel filtration, also contained GCAT-activity and may represent aggregated forms of GCAT. However, about 50% or more of the haemolytie activity was due to a protein of 26kDa free GCAT. Rabbit antibodies to GCAT neutralized the hacmolytic activity of both GCAT and GCAT-LPS. A transposon-produccd serinc protease negative mutant of the same A. salmonicida strain showed reduced haemolytic activity. The mutant produced a 38-kDa GCAT proform of low hacmolytic activity. The proform was processed by autogenous scrinc protease to a highly hacmolytic 26-kDa molecule with pl 6.3, similar to GCAT of the parent strain. The weakly haemolytic GCAT-LPS analogue of the mutant strain did not contain detectable amounts of the 26-kDa molecule and was not activated by proteases.     

Walleye pollock: global overview

Walleye pollock is the second most extensively fished species in the world. The major fishing grounds include the Bering and Okhotsk Seas. Large-scale fishing started in the 1960s and continues to date with average annual landings over this 50-year period of 1.5 million tons. Yet over this period catches were characterized by considerable volatility. This volatility makes rational management of stock and planning of annual fishing activities difficult. The changes in annual catches correlate with the changes in the biomass of walleye pollock. Existing data suggest a close link between climate change in the northern Pacific and biomass, which allows quantitative estimates of future trends in the biomass, and consequently annual catch, of walleye pollock. Cooling of the northern Pacific is expected to increase the biomass in the Sea of Japan and decrease it in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk. The opposite is predicted to occur if the northern Pacific experiences warming.     

Pond Conservation Symposium: Introduction

A meeting organized by the Countryside Council for Wales, the Environment Agency and the British Ecological Society (Aquatic Ecology Group), Caersws, Powys, Wales, 5 September 1996     

Wetlands: conservation's poor cousins

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我国罗非鱼加工研究现状

为探究添加风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、脂肪酶对罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)腌制品质的影响,文章研究了添加酶制剂对腌制罗非鱼的氨基酸态氮含量、脂肪酸组成及感官分析的影响,并比较新鲜罗非鱼、食盐腌制组、低盐加酶腌制组中鱼肉挥发性风味物质的变化。结果表明,风味蛋白酶的最适质量分数为0.010 0%,氨基酸态氮质量分数为0.75 mg·g^–1,比对照组高19.05%,饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids,SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)相对含量分别为35.65%、23.78%和40.57%,感官评分为89,比对照组高10.56%;中性蛋白酶的最适质量分数为0.010 0%,此时氨基酸态氮质量分数为0.81 mg·g^–1,比对照组高28.57%,SFA、MUFA和PUFA相对含量分别为34.24%、24.82%和40.94%,感官评分为88.5,比对照组高10.63%;脂肪酶的最适质量分数为0.010 0%,此时鱼肉的氨基酸态氮质量分数为0.67 mg·g^–1,比对照组高4.69%,SFA、MUFA和PUFA相对含量分别为33.97%、22.20%和43.85%,感官评分88.5,比对照组高11.32%。按照3种外源酶最适浓度混合腌制,实验证明能增加风味物质的生成(尤其是醇类、酮类),有效提高腌制效率,改善腌制罗非鱼的风味。     

甲壳类酪氨酸酶促褐变的研究进展

甲壳类的虾、蟹以其味美及营养价值高而深受人们喜爱.虾、蟹既是我国渔业经济中的重要产业,又是出口创汇的主要产品之一.近年来,我国虾、蟹养殖业发展迅猛,已经成为渔业经济发展的一大产业.2005年,我国甲壳类生产量达到3.2406×106 t,占水产品总产量的近10%,其中,海水养殖产量8.285×105 t,淡水养殖产量3.108×106 t.但是,由于虾、蟹在常温保存中容易褐变,生产者为延长货架期往往在加工中过量使用添加剂,从而导致二氧化硫超标的现象时有发生;此外,腌制梭子蟹在低温保存加工中也容易发生褐变.这些不仅严重影响产品本身的经济价值,而且亚硫酸盐等不适当的添加还给食品安全埋下了隐患.因此,深入开展虾蟹等甲壳类防褐变保鲜技术的研究显得尤为重要和迫切.     

Malachite green: a review

Abstract. A detailed review of malachite green and its chemical and physical properties as they relate to fisheries interests. Many of the confusions and misconceptions about malachite green are discussed. Its mode of action, toxicity and fate are considered.     

Ecological genetics: introductory note

Abstract– The eight papers resulting from the Ecological Genetics session of the symposium Ecology of Stream Fish: State of the Art and Future Prospects (Luarca, Spain, April 1998) describe the use of molecular genetic markers to investigate questions of population distinctness, interbreeding, and adaptation in five salmonid species. Widely contrasting ecological distinctions described in four species indigenous to western North America [steelhead (rainbow) trout, sockeye salmon, pink salmon and bull trout] reflect past natural and human-induced activities, serving to guide future management and conservation actions through optimizing adaptive opportunities, and preventing genetic losses through localized extinctions. Studies of brown trout contrast widespread introgressions from exogenous hatchery introductions that threaten the integrity of native Spanish populations with a reduced threat based on use of indigenous fish in Portuguese hatcheries. A 9-year study of natural progeny of two genetically distinct Swedish brown trout populations introduced to a previously trout-free area identifies apparent local adaptations as a model to guide other translocations.     

天然磷脂在食品及药品加工等方面的应用

为研究鲈形目淡水鱼在不同科和种间脂肪酸及磷脂组成的差异,该研究以高体革䱨 (Scortum barcoo)、赤鲈(Perca fluviatilis)、梭鲈(Lucioperca lucioperca)、大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)和罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)为对象,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)对以上5种鱼肌肉中的脂肪酸与磷脂进行了分析。结果表明,5种淡水鱼肌肉中共检测出21种脂肪酸,共有的脂肪酸有8种,分别为C_14:0,C_16:0,C_18:0,C_16:1,C_18:1,C_18:2,C_20:5和C_22:6。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量丰富,PUFA含量除高体革䱨为26.81%之外,其他均大于35%。5种淡水鱼肌肉中共检出6种磷脂,分别为磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、鞘磷脂(SM)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)。5种鱼肌肉磷脂中PC含量最高,占据磷脂总量的45.84%~62.55%,PE和PI次之,PS和SM含量相对较少,仅占总磷脂的2.19%~5.27%和2.06%~3.65%。