The ligase PIAS1 restricts natural regulatory T cell differentiation by epigenetic repression

CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells are important for maintaining immune tolerance. Understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates T(reg) differentiation will facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies against autoimmune diseases. We report here that the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1 restricts the differentiation of natural T(reg) cells by maintaining a repressive chromatin state of the Foxp3 promoter. PIAS1 acts by binding to the Foxp3 promoter to recruit DNA methyltransferases and heterochromatin protein 1 for epigenetic modifications. Pias1 deletion caused promoter demethylation, reduced histone H3 methylation at Lys(9), and enhanced promoter accessibility. Consistently, Pias1(-/-) mice displayed an increased natural T(reg) cell population and were resistant to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our studies have identified an epigenetic mechanism that negatively regulates the differentiation of natural T(reg) cells.     

ANTIGENIC HISTAMINE RELEASE FROM PASSIVELY SENSITIZED HUMAN LEUDOCYTES

With histamine release as an indicator, consistent passive sensitization of normal human leukocytes to specific anligen could be achieved with human serum, fresh or stored at -70 degrees C, from allergic individuals. With certain sera, dilution slowed the rate of sensitization but increased eventual histamine release.     

Autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy in PD-1 receptor-deficient mice

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a severe pathology of the heart with poorly understood etiology. Disruption of the gene encoding the negative immunoregulatory receptor PD-1 in BALB/c mice, but not in BALB/c RAG-2-/- mice, caused dilated cardiomyopathy with severely impaired contraction and sudden death by congestive heart failure. Affected hearts showed diffuse deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on the surface of cardiomyocytes. All of the affected PD-1-/- mice exhibited high-titer circulating IgG autoantibodies reactive to a 33-kilodalton protein expressed specifically on the surface of cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that PD-1 may be an important factor contributing to the prevention of autoimmune diseases.     

Pertussis toxin S1 mutant with reduced enzyme activity and a conserved protective epitope

Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a major virulence factor in whooping cough and can elicit protective antibodies. Amino acid residues 8 to 15 of PTX subunit S1 are important for the adenosine diphosphate-ribosyltransferase activity associated with the pathobiological effects of PTX. Furthermore, this region contains at least a portion of an epitope that elicits both toxin-neutralizing and protective antibody responses in mice. The gene encoding the S1 subunit was subjected to site-specific mutagenesis in this critical region. A mutant containing a single amino acid substitution (Arg9----Lys) had reduced enzymatic activity (approximately 0.02% of control) while retaining the protective epitope. This analog S1 molecule may provide the basis for a genetically detoxified PTX with potential for use as a component of an acellular vaccine against whooping cough.     

Rapid loss of tolerance induced in weanling NZB and B-W F1 mice

Young adult mice (30 to 43 days old) of autoimmune NZB and BIW F(1) strains failed to develop immunologic tolerance when treated with ultracentrifuged bovine gamma globulin and then challenged 12 days later. By contrast, weanling NZB and B/ W F(1) mice (18 to 25 days) as well as weanling C3H mice (16 to 19 days) became tolerant and had no serum antibody 12 days after challenge. The C3H mice remained unresponsive, but NZB and B! W F(1) mice produced antibody between days 27 and 41. The rapid loss of previously established tolerance to foreign antigens could have its parallel in the loss of tolerance to autoantigens with subsequent development of lupus nephritis and Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia in these animals.     

白果蛋白过敏动物模型的试验研究

【目的】对白果蛋白致敏的小鼠模型进行研究,以明确白果蛋白是否具有致敏性。【方法】以Tris-HCl缓冲液为阴性对照、卵白蛋白为阳性对照,设置白果蛋白低剂量组和高剂量组,每隔7d经口灌胃致敏1次共3次,末次致敏7d后腹腔注射激发,致使小鼠过敏。【结果】经白果蛋白及阳性对照激发后的小鼠血清产生高水平IgE及IgG抗体,体外激发小鼠致敏肥大细胞组胺释放率显著高于阴性对照,免疫期间血浆中组胺也显著升高,小鼠肠、肺、肝均见炎症病灶,高剂量处理及阳性对照的肾脏也呈炎症细胞浸润。【结论】该模型可用于研究白果蛋白致小鼠发生的IgE介导的Ⅰ型过敏反应。     

JMJD6 is a histone arginine demethylase

Arginine methylation occurs on a number of proteins involved in a variety of cellular functions. Histone tails are known to be mono- and dimethylated on multiple arginine residues where they influence chromatin remodeling and gene expression. To date, no enzyme has been shown to reverse these regulatory modifications. We demonstrate that the Jumonji domain-containing 6 protein (JMJD6) is a JmjC-containing iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that demethylates histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2) and histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3) in both biochemical and cell-based assays. These findings may help explain the many developmental defects observed in the JMJD6(-/-) knockout mice.     

湖羊排卵相关基因表达水平与繁殖性能关系的研究

 【目的】研究湖羊卵巢组织COX2、HAS2、TSG6和PTX3的mRNA表达水平与湖羊繁殖性能的相关性,筛选影响湖羊高产的候选基因,为揭示湖羊高繁多胎分子遗传机理提供依据。【方法】选取16只经产湖羊母羊,分为低产组和高产组,于发情后24—36 h屠宰,应用RT-PCR技术检测COX2、HAS2、TSG6和PTX3的组织表达特征,进一步利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析各基因mRNA在低产组和高产组湖羊卵巢组织中的表达差异。【结果】COX2、HAS2、TSG6和PTX3均在湖羊卵巢组织中表达,在卵巢组织,高产组TSG6和PTX3的mRNA表达极显著高于低产组(P＜0.01),低产组HAS2的mRNA表达极显著高于高产组(P＜0.01),而COX2的mRNA表达在高产组和低产组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】HAS2、TSG6和PTX3的mRNA表达在高产组和低产组间差异极显著,可能与湖羊繁殖性能相关,可作为影响湖羊高产的候选基因。     

Trophoblast antigenicity demonstrated by altered challenge graft survival

Adult C57BL/6J male mice received either a primary ectopic transplant or a primary and a challenge ectopic transplant of trophoblast tissue obtained from the ectoplacental cones of 7(1/2)-day-old C3H/HeJ x C3H/HeJ embryos. Gross and histologic examinations of these grafts at 5, 7, and 12 days of growth indicated that the challenge grafts were inhibited in growth; there were a smaller percentage of grossly successful grafts, smaller hemorrhagic reactions, fewer viable cells at all stages of growth, and better host containment of the colony. The evidence indicates that exposure to pure trophoblast alters an animal's subsequent reaction to grafts syngeneic with the original trophoblast and can best be explained as evidence of immunologic sensitization of the host.     

异育银鲫PTX3基因的克隆与表达分析

为研究Pentraxin 3(PTX3)在鱼类中的作用,克隆得到异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)PTX3基因,并对其序列结构特征和表达模式进行分析。异育银鲫PTX3序列由3个外显子和2个内含子构成,编码453个氨基酸。异育银鲫PTX3蛋白的前22aa为信号肽,241~453aa为PTX结构域;在PTX结构域有一个非典型的Pentraxin信号。同源进化分析发现,异育银鲫PTX3与其他鱼类聚为一支,且与斑马鱼最为相似(79%);两栖类和哺乳类各自聚为一支。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PTX3在异育银鲫的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、头肾、体肾、鳃、脑、肌肉、肠、血液、性腺等11个组织中都有表达。在嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后,肝脏、脾脏、头肾、肠和血液中PTX3mRNA水平都显著上调。在感染后3h,脾脏中PTX3 mRNA水平即出现显著上调;感染后6h,血液中PTX3mRNA水平即达到了峰值。这些结果表明,PTX3作为急相反应蛋白在鱼类受到病原侵袭中发挥免疫保护作用。     

中国龙虾食物变态反应BALB/c鼠模型的建立（英文）

[目的]通过腹腔注射的致敏方式建立中国龙虾食物变态反应Balb/c小鼠模型,探讨中国龙虾食物变态反应体外鉴定与评价方法。[方法]将40只雄性Balb/c小鼠分为卵清蛋白（OVA）阳性对照组、Coca’s液阴性对照组、空白对照组和模型组,以OVA、中国龙虾粗提蛋白,加氢氧化铝佐剂腹腔注射免疫Balb/c小鼠,建立食物变态反应小鼠模型。ELISA法测定第二次致敏激发后血清中IgE与组胺水平并进行被动皮肤过敏试验（PCA）确定特异性IgE抗体滴度,同时观察脾指数、小肠组织学变化及激发后的食物变态反应症状。[结果]末次激发后1 h采血,中国龙虾粗提蛋白组血清IgE含量为236.75（±73.39）μg/L,与阳性对照OVA组无区别,与阴性对照Coca’s液组和正常对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.01）;中国龙虾粗提蛋白组的组胺含量406.55（±232.79）μg/L与正常对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.01）;PCA反应中国龙虾粗提蛋白组血清特异性IgE抗体滴度达到1/16;中国龙虾粗提蛋白组和OVA致敏组小鼠脾指数明显大于Coca’s液或正常对照组（P〈0.01）且前两组小肠粘膜固有层皆出现淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润。[结论]建立了一种中国龙虾食物变态反应小鼠模型,通过ELISA测定血清IgE和组胺以及PCA确定特异性IgE抗体滴度可作为一种鉴定与评价中国龙虾食物变态反应的方法。     

抗H9N2 AIV HA单克隆抗体的制备及其在胶体金层析检测中的初步应用

用基因疫苗pcDNA-H9和纯化H9N2亚型AIV免疫Balb/C小鼠,细胞融合后用HI和ELISA方法筛选出5株抗H9亚型AIV HA的特异性单克隆抗体H9-01(2E6),H9-02(3B1),H9-03(3H11),H9-04(1A4),H9-05(2G9)。各株单抗亚型测定的结果为H9-01,H9-02和H9-05均为IgG2b,H9-03为IgG1,H9-04为IgG2a,轻链的亚型均为kappa链。经特异性和与同型病毒的反应谱检测,它们均是HA特异性单克隆抗体。用制备的抗H9亚型AIV HA的单克隆抗体做成胶体金层析检测试纸条,可以检测到200个EID50的H9亚型AIV,为监测该亚型AIV试剂盒的进一步商品化奠定了基础。     

关于降雨对空气中浮游孢子携落率的计算及其流行学效应的初步研究

本文研究了降雨对空气中浮游孢子携落率的计算问题,提出了根据降雨量(M)、持续降雨时间(H)来计算降雨对空气中浮游孢子携落率(Y)的公式;令D=1.24(M/H)~(0.182),则Y=1-EXP(-1.5M/D)。根据部分资料估计了真菌气传病害的空中浮游孢子与植物叶表附着孢子的比率(R)约为1～5:1,由此可推算因降雨对空气中浮游孢子的携落作用和对植物表面附着孢子的冲刷作用(冲刷率为W)的综合结果,使植物表面附着孢子数变为原来的(1+R·Y)(1-W)倍。     

Effects of Supplemental Histamine on Gastric Acid Secretion, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Microfloral of Early Weaned Piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplemental histamine in the diet ofearly-weaned piglets. In experiment A, 24 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.10±0.40 kg,weaned at the age of 28 days, were divided into four groups, fed with basal diet of low dietary copper without(control) or with supplemental histamine at 60, 120, 180 μg kg-1 BW. During the two weeks and the thirdweek after weaning, ADG(average daily gain) of piglets were increased by 15.8% (P＜0.05), 9.5% (P＜0.10) by addition of 60 μg kg-1BW histamine, but decreased by addition of 180 μg kg-1BW histamine, whichalso increased the amount of E. coli in colon and the scour incidence. The secretion of gastric acid and pepsinwere improved by both dose of supplemental histamine (60, 180 pg kg-1BW) and gastric digesta pH were de-creased by both. Addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine improved the activities of trypsin, amylase in duodelumdigesta. In experiment B, 12 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.85±0.35 kg, weaned at theage of 28 days, were divided into two groups, fed with basal diet of high dietary copper without (control) orwith supplemental 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. During the two weeks and the third week after weaning, ADG ofpiglets were increased by 9.8% (P＜0.05), 7.0% (P＜0.10). The secretion of gastric acid, activities oftrypsin and amylase in duodelum digesta, were also improved by addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. The re-sults showed that addition of histamine (60 μg kg-1 BW) in early weaned piglets could increase the secretion ofgastric acid and pepsin, reduce gastric digesta pH and scour incidence, improve activities of trypsin, amylasein duodelum digesta, and the growing performance of early weaned piglets.     

犬源H9N2亚型流感病毒的遗传进化及其致病性分析

【目的】明确犬源H9N2亚型流感病毒的分子变异特征及致病性,为今后探究流感病毒的禽—犬跨种传播机制提供科学依据。【方法】从流浪犬中分离H9N2亚型流感病毒,利用RT-PCR扩增其8个基因节段进行BLAST同源比对,然后基于国内外的22株参考毒株进行遗传进化分析,并通过小鼠滴鼻感染试验评估分离毒株的致病性。【结果】从采集的393份犬鼻拭子样品中分离获得1株H9N2亚型流感病毒,命名为A/canine/Guangxi/LZ11/2018(简写为LZ11)。分离毒株LZ11为三重组毒株,其中,HA、NA和NS基因属于BJ/94类谱系,PB2和M基因属于G1类谱系,PB1、PA和NP基因属于F/98类谱系;病毒基因组成属于近年我国广泛流行的S基因型。分离毒株LZ11的HA蛋白在第324～331位存在1个裂解位点(PSRSSR↓GL),符合低致病性流感病毒的特征;HA蛋白还出现²²⁶Q→L突变,具有优先结合人类α-2,6唾液酸受体的能力;NA蛋白在¹¹⁹E、¹⁵¹D、²⁷⁶E、²⁹²R和...     

抗H9亚型AIV血凝素单克隆抗体的制备及亚型鉴定

用基因疫苗pcDNA-H9、纯化H9N2亚型AIV和重组噬菌体T4-H9HA免疫Balb/C小鼠,细胞融合后用HI和ELISA方法筛选出5株抗H9亚型AIV HA的特异性单克隆抗体H9-01(2E6)、H9-02(3B1)、H9-03(3H11)、H9-04(1A4)、H9-05(2G9)。各株单抗亚型测定的结果为H9-01、H9-02和H9-05均为IgG2b,H9-03为IgG1,H9-04为IgG2a,轻链的亚型均为kappa链。经特异性和与同型病毒的反应谱检测,它们均是HA特异性单克隆抗体。为进一步分析H9N2亚型AIV的结构与功能以及建立监测该亚型AIV的试剂盒奠定了基础。     

Resistance of barley varieties to Heterodera avenae in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,China

The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, is one of the most economically important pathogens impacting the worldwide production of cereals and is widely distributed in more than 16 regions in China. The present study used the numbers of nematodes inside the plant roots to evaluate the resistance/susceptibility of different subpopulations of barley Hordeum vulgare (QH2R, QH6R and TB2R) to H. avenae under field and pot conditions. Nematode development in two highly resistant varieties was also evaluated by in vivo experiment and microscopic observation. Analyses of 186 selected varieties showed the numbers of susceptible varieties identified with the number of females/cysts per plant (NFP) method were significantly higher than those identified with the Pf/Pi ratio (PPR) method, which indicated that the NFP method rather than the PPR method is more reliable to evaluate the resistance of barley. The field and pot experiment results indicated that the QH2R subpopulation had lower females/cysts numbers than QH6R and TB2R subpopulations, and eight HR varieties (Sunong 7617, Sunong 7635, Dongyuan 87-14, Rudong 14-46, Rudong 87-57, Rudong 87-8-45, Rudong 88-14-2, and Rudong 88-67-1) were identified in QH2R, with the NFP numbers below 4.2. Further microscopic observation of nematode development suggested that H. avenae often penetrated less into highly resistant varieties (Sunong 7635 and Dongyuan 87-14) and more frequently failed to develop into females than the susceptible barleys. The promising resistant varieties identified in the present research might be helpful for breeders to develop CCN-resistant cultivars and control H. avenae populations effectively at low costs.     

H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒A/goose/Guangdong/1/96株反向基因操作系统的建立

 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96（GSGD/1/96）是中国分离的第1株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒，它不仅是97香港感染并致人死亡的H5N1亚型流感病毒HA基因供体株，而且是中国目前已报到的H5亚型流感病毒分离株的共同祖先。本研究建立了该病毒的8质粒反向基因操作系统，并通过细胞转染成功拯救了该病毒（R-GSGD/1/96）。R-GSGD/1/96在对SPF鸡和 Balb/c小鼠的致病性方面保持了与亲本野毒(W-GSGD/1/96)一致的生物学特性，即对鸡都是高致病性毒株，R-GSGD/1/96与W-GSGD/1/96的静脉致病指数分别为2.01和2.10；救获病毒与野生病毒一样，尽管106EID50经鼻腔感染小鼠后1～2 d内能从肺脏检测到低滴度的病毒，但不能在小鼠体内成功复制。GSGD/1/96反向基因操作系统的成功建立为进一步开展中国高致病性禽流感病毒分离株的生物学特性、遗传衍化及结构与其功能关系研究奠定了基础。     

欧亚类禽型H1N1猪流感病毒HA蛋白的表达及免疫原性评估

【目的】 表达欧亚类禽型（eurasian avian-like,EA）H1N1猪流感病毒（SIV）的血凝素（HA）蛋白,并对其免疫原性进行测定。【方法】 利用RT-PCR技术扩增病毒A/swine/Zhejiang/245/2013（H1N1）(ZJ245)的HA基因,将其克隆至真核表达载体pCAGGS中,获得重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245),将其转染293T细胞,采用间接免疫荧光（IFA）检测和Western blot检测HA蛋白在体外的表达;将重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245)经肌肉注射途径、以100 μg/只剂量免疫16只6周龄BALB/c小鼠（I组和II组）,间隔3周后进行加强免疫（二免）;同等数量的小鼠以相同方式注射100 μL无菌PBS作为非免疫对照组（III组和IV组）。首免和二免每周采血,分别采用血凝抑制（HI）试验和病毒中和（VN）试验两种方法测定不同类型的血清抗体效价;二免2周后,其中两组小鼠（I组和III组）用50 μL（10 ^6.0EID₅₀）的ZJ245病毒经滴鼻感染途径进行攻毒,另外两组（II组和IV组）用A/swine/Heilongjiang/44/2009（H1N1）（HLJ44）病毒进行攻毒。攻毒后14 d内每天观察小鼠的临床症状、统计发病与死亡情况,且每天称量小鼠体重,在体重下降比率超过25%时判定为小鼠死亡。攻毒后第3 天,每组随机剖杀3只小鼠,分别采集脑、鼻甲、肺、脾和肾等脏器,匀浆处理后通过接种10日龄的非免疫鸡胚测定脏器的病毒含量。通过小鼠体重变化以及脏器滴定的病毒含量评估重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245)的免疫保护效果。 【结果】 经酶切鉴定和测序验证表明ZJ245的HA基因的已正确克隆至真核表达质粒pCAGGS中获得重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245),经体外转染293T细胞后,IFA和Western blot证实了病毒的HA蛋白能够正确表达,并具有良好的生物学活性;小鼠的免疫与攻毒试验结果表明,重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245)首免后一周可检测到针对同源病毒ZJ245的低水平HI和VN抗体,加强免疫后抗体水平明显升高,HI抗体达到76.88、VN抗体达到152.5;同时针对异源病毒HLJ44也产生了较低水平的HI和VN抗体。10 ^6.0EID₅₀的同源病毒ZJ245攻毒时,与非免疫组小鼠相对比,重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245)的免疫完全阻止了因病毒攻击而导致的小鼠体重下降以及肺脏和鼻甲内病毒的复制;10 ^6.0EID₅₀的异源病毒HLJ44攻毒时,相比非免疫组小鼠,质粒免疫组小鼠体重的下降比率、以及肺脏和鼻甲内的病毒滴度均显著降低（P<0.0001、P <0.001、P <0.05）。 【结论】 重组质粒pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245)能够有效表达病毒HA蛋白,免疫后可使小鼠获得完全抵抗ZJ245感染及部分抵御HLJ44感染的免疫保护力,表明重组质粒 pCAGGS-HA(ZJ245)具有良好的免疫原性。