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1.
Summary Protein banding patterns of 119 lines (85 Japanese potato lines and introductions, 22 dihaploids, 1 wild source (Solanum bulbocastanum Dun.), 10 transformants and 1 somaclonal variant) were compared by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE). Microtubers formed in vitro were used as the source of plant materials. There were more than 15 bands in the 35–20
kDa molecular weight range and less than 10 bands in the 65–40 kDa range. The bands in the 65–40 kDa range which corresponded
to the potato tuber storage protein patatin were focussed to about 40 kDa after heat treatment. The results indicate a distinct
difference in the banding patterns among potato lines. 相似文献
2.
The goal of these studies was to evaluate the influence of tuber age on the expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in five selected potato genotypes (three cultivars and two clones) varying in tuber resistance and maturity type, and also
to select the best time for testing potato tubers for resistance to blight. Resistance was evaluated by inoculating whole
tubers at 13 different times as they progressively aged during growth and storage. Tuber age was expressed as weeks after
planting. Tubers were rated from week 13 (late July) until week 43 (late February) for tubers planted on 27–28 April, over
three consecutive seasons (2001–2003). Analysis of variance performed on tuber resistance data showed significant effects
of genotype, year and tuber age. Significant contributions of genotype × year, genotype × tuber age, year × tuber age and
year × genotype × tuber age interactions were also detected. A slight increase in tuber resistance with tuber age was observed
for cvs Bzura, Sokół and Irga, while the opposite trend was observed for the clones 97-A-63 and DG 92-227. Changes in tuber
resistance with age of tested genotypes were not related to their maturity type. The period of most stable expression of tuber
resistance was observed when tubers were tested between the 16th and 28th week after planting. 相似文献
3.
Summary In artificial inoculations it was found thatFusarium oxysporum f.sp.tuberosi is able to penetrate through potato leaves. The fungus was isolated from the stem of infected plants from all inoculated
cultivars. Tubers were completely destroyed if they were inoculated before sprouting. Not any destruction was observed if
inoculation was made before young sprouts are longer than 1–3 cm; plants from these sprouts were infected. Lesioned tubers
were more sensitive than unlesioned ones, and tuber rot and sprout damage were increased significantly. 相似文献
4.
David Levy 《Potato Research》1992,35(1):17-24
Summary Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) of the cultivars Alpha, Cara, Blanka, Désirée and Idit, were exposed to a transient water deficit during tuber growth.
Drought stress increased the concentration of solutes as assessed by refractometry and lowered the osmotic potentials as assessed
by cryoscopy in both leaf and tuber tissues of the five cultivars. Differences among cultivars, as well as between leaf and
tuber tissue of the same cultivar, could indicate variability of the soluble components contributing to the osmotic potential.
Differences were noted in the response of the cultivars to the environment in terms of osmotic potentials. Essentially, two
types of responses were identified: transient maintenance of lower osmotic potential for 24–48 h after stress relief; and
inherently high concentration of solutes and low osmotic potential. The possible advantage of sensitivity to environmental
changes is also considered.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 3010-E, 1990 series.
This study was supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Technical Assistance Department, the Netherlands. 相似文献
5.
Jadwiga W. Płodowska Peter H. J. Jongebloed Pieter A. C. M. Van De Sanden Paul C. Struik 《Potato Research》1989,32(3):245-253
Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed
to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Long-term measurements of tuber volume were carried out with a non-destructive
volume-meter. Specific leaf weight was monitored with a β-gauge.
Tubers from the same plant varied in rate and duration of growth. The relative growth of stressed tubers was 43–54% less than
that of the control tubers. The hierarchy of tubers from one stem changed over time in plants that were exposed to the stress.
Specific leaf weight declined during the stress period but there was a prompt recovery after the relief from drought. This
response was similar to the response of the average rate of volume increase of the tuber. 相似文献
6.
In order to optimize potato crop management in organic farming systems, knowledge of crop growth processes in relation to
limitations and reductions by nitrogen (N) and disease is necessary. This paper examines the effect of different prevention
measures (seed tuber pre-sprouting, choice of cultivars: resistance to Phytophthora infestans; earliness of tuber initiation) against disease-related constraints on yields, depending on the N-mediated growing conditions
of organic potato crops. Under conditions of a relatively high N supply, accelerating the early development and tuber initiation
of potato crops by seed tuber pre-sprouting (yield increase of c. 18–23%) or the selective choice of cultivars with an earlier
tuber initiation (yield increase of c. 0–21%) are the most effective strategies in combating late blight. They bring forward
the crop development c. 7–10 days, escaping the negative impact of the fungus on tuber growth. Under conditions of a relatively
low N supply, these strategies do not affect final tuber yield. The reason for the differences of the effect depending on
N supply of the crops is, that the lower the N supply, the shorter the period of time over which tuber growth takes place,
independent of whether P. infestans becomes severe or not. Tuber growth of organic crops low in N has mostly ceased by the time late blight becomes potentially
important for limiting yield, with the consequence that preventative measures against P. infestans are meaningless. Surprisingly, the level of cultivar haulm resistance to late blight did not affect tuber yields in years
with an early and strong late blight development. Probably, the positive effect of a longer resistance to the fungus (c. 1 week)
was counterbalanced by a later tuber initiation (also c. 1 week). In years with a moderate late blight incidence, less susceptible
cultivars were able to produce higher tuber yields on fields with a lower N availability (c. 17–20%), probably due to higher
N use efficiency and a better match of N mineralization and N uptake. Under conditions of a relatively high N supply, the
tested cultivars with a higher haulm resistance to late blight were not able to improve tuber yields. 相似文献
7.
Summary Potato tubers were inoculated with two biotypes ofPhytophthora infestans then stored at 3,7, 10 and 15°C. Image analysis quantified average reflective intensity (ARI) of diseased tissue from cut
surfaces of sample tubers. Tuber tissue infection and infection rate were measured by calculating Mean ARI of samples. Average
tuber tissue infection and infection rate was minimal at 3°C (P.i.-US8 orP.i.-US1). Tuber tissue infection increased at temperatures >3°C, from 220 Mean ARI seven days after inoculation (dai) to 190–150
Mean ARI 50 dai (depending on cultivar and biotype ofP. infestans). Rate of tuber tissue infection caused byP.i.-US1 at 7°C was about zero in cv. Snowden but greater than −0.2 ARI day−1 (cvs Russet Burbank and Superior). Rate of late blight infection in tuber tissue generally increased with temperature from
−0.2 ARI day−1 (at 7°C) in all cultivars to a maximum of −0.8 ARI day−1 (10°C). 相似文献
8.
9.
M. K. Van Ittersum 《Potato Research》1992,35(4):355-364
Summary The duration of dormancy of seed potatoes varies between years and between origins. Therefore, the effects of conditions during
crop growth on dormancy of progeny tubers were studied. The effect of nitrogen during tuber bulking on the duration of dormancy
was investigated in three field experiments with two cultivars. In addition to an application of 125 kg N/ha at planting,
top dressings of 0–150 kg N/ha were given about 2 weeks after tuber initiation. Haulm was pulled about 4 weeks later. The
effect of nitrogen rate at planting was also examined in one experiment.
Nitrogen top dressings shortened dormancy in all experiments by 5–8 days. An increased nitrogen rate at planting resulted
in a shorter dormancy when the duration of dormancy was expressed in days after tuber initiation, but not when it was expressed
in days after haulm pulling, probably because extra nitrogen also delayed tuber initiation. 相似文献
10.
Cryotherapy of Potato Shoot Tips for Efficient Elimination of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Viral diseases constitute a major constraint to high yield and high quality production of potato. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most damaging potato viruses and are prevalent in most potato growing areas. In the present study, attempts
were made to eliminate PLRV and PVY by three cryogenic protocols, i.e., encapsulation-dehydration, encapsulation-vitrification
and droplet. Results showed that both PLRV and PVY could be efficiently eliminated by cryogenic treatments with 83–86% and
91–95% of frequencies of virus-free plantlets obtained for the former and latter, respectively. Frequencies of virus-free
plantlets produced by cryogenic treatments were higher than those by meristem culture (56% for PLRV and 62% for PVY) and thermotherapy
(50% for PLRV and 65% for PVY), and similar to those by thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (90% for PLRV and 93% for
PVY). Survival (75–85%) and regrowth (83–89%) from cryo-treated shoot tips were higher than those from meristem culture (50–55%)
and thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (40–50%), but similar to those from thermotherapy (80–87%). The morphology
of the plantlets regenerated from cryo-treated shoot tips was similar to that of non-treated plantlets. Thus, cryotherapy
would provide an alternative method for efficient elimination of potato viruses, and can be simultaneously used for long-term
storage of potato germplasm and for production of virus-free plants. 相似文献
11.
Summary In Argentina, different areas are suitable for seed potato production: however, each has particular problems, mainly related
to different pest and diseases. Tierra del Fuego Island is well isolated from traditional potato growing areas. Therefore,
it was tested for its potential for seed production.
The cultivars Achatt. Mailén INTA. Pampeana INTA and Spunta were grown in Río Grande, San Pablo and Ushuaia from 1991–1994.
Nematode presence and aphid population dynamics were recorded. Average tuber yield ranged from 20.1–37.6 t ha−1. After three years PVY and PLRV remained low (0–1% for different cultivars and locations). Moreover, seed tubers obtained
were physiologically young. Long days, early frosts and strong winds may limit tuber yield in some years. The island can be
considered as an ecological “safe haven” and is very suitable to obtain healthy and physiologically adequate seed potatoes. 相似文献
12.
N. Ioannou 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):33-47
Summary The infection pressure of two viruses, potato leafroll (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY), both common in seed potatoes grown
in Cyprus, was determined in three experiments in 1982–83. Virus-free bait plants, of potato and four other species, were
exposed weekly to field infection during the growing season (March–June), and then returned to an aphid-free glasshouse for
symptom expression. Only tobacco plants produced clear symptoms enabling reliable assessment of PVY infection pressure. When
assessed with ELISA or by tuber indexing, the potato plants were efficient baits for both viruses whose infection period commenced
at emergence (mid March to early April) and ended within 6–7 weeks. The seasonal trend of aphid populations, determined with
Moericke traps or 100-leaf counts, correspond to that of virus spread. Correlation and regression analysis of aphid and virus
data implicated the alate form ofMyzus persicae as the principal vector of both viruses. 相似文献
13.
Summary After three weeks curing at 10°C, potato tubers cv. Record were stored at 4°C under different controlled atmospheres (CA)
for six months to study the effect on crisp fry colour, sprout growth and rotting. Combinations of low levels of CO2 (0.7–1.8%) and low levels of O2 (2.1–3.9%) gave a significantly lighter crisp colour, low sprout growth and fewer rotted tubers compared with 0.9% CO2 and 21.0% O2. Tubers stored in these conditions. showed a significantly higher weight loss and shrinkage after reconditioning. High CO2: low O2 combinations during storage completely inhibited sprout growth and caused the darkest crisp colour, but after reconditioning
tubers gave the same level of sprouting and crisps as light as the other CA combinations. Furthermore these combinations,
especially CO2 at 10 or 15%, increased the onset of rotting. Also our results showed that at low concentrations of CO2 (0.7–1.6%), and low O2 (2–2.4%) there was an increase in tuber rotting. 相似文献
14.
M. K. Van Ittersum 《Potato Research》1992,35(4):377-387
Summary The effects on the dormancy of progeny tubers of the timing and level of shading during plant growth were investigated in
three field experiments. The tubers were harvested while immature. Shading (50–75%) the crop shortly before haulm pulling
shortened dormancy by 5–7 days in two experiments. However, dormancy was hardly affected by 50% shading in one experiment,
carried out in a sunny dry period.
The effects of the photoperiod during tuber bulking on dormancy were studied in two indoor experiments. Plants were grown
at 18/12°C (day 12h/night) and a 12 h photoperiod. Shortly after tuber initiation, the photoperiod was extended to 18 h for
4–6 weeks by photosynthetically inactive incandescent light, or kept at 12 h. The effects of the photoperiod on dormancy were
up to 9 days, but differed between the cultivars and experiments.
Generally, the effects on tuber dormancy of differences in growth conditions, as reported in this series of papers, were limited. 相似文献
15.
Dong Chil Chang Hwang Bae Sohn Ji Hong Cho Ju Sung Im Yong Ik Jin Gyeong Ran Do Su Jeong Kim Hyun Mook Cho Yong Beom Lee 《Potato Research》2014,57(2):99-110
The relationship between the severity of natural freezing and frost damage (FFD) and the observed growth recovery and field production of Superior potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) was investigated under screen house conditions. Potato plants were damaged by accidental freezing and frost during the early phase of shoot growth, 40 days after planting in highland summer crop areas in Korea. The observations of FFD were classified visually into “severe” (>75%), “moderate” (50%), “mild” (<25%), and “no FFD”, based on the percentage of the area of the shoots which was damaged. The early vegetative growth recovery, in terms of groundcover, was reduced as the level of FFD increased. At 28 days after a freezing and frost damage (DAFF), the potato plants with mild or no symptoms had produced more groundcover than the plants with moderate or severe symptoms. At 35 DAFF, groundcover was the same across all levels of severity, at nearly 100%. Despite the slower canopy development, plants with FFD achieved a higher fresh shoot weight and total chlorophyll content, whereas physiological growth indices such as photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaves were not different among levels of FFD at 60 DAFF. The number of lateral stems and days to tuberization increased significantly as the level of FFD increased; however, the harvest index, the number of tubers per plant, and seed tuber production were all reduced in plants with severe FFD. In addition, the tubers from plants with severe FFD had an increased ratio of length to width and 40% more tuber eyes than tubers from undamaged plants. The elongated tubers also showed an increase in cell division, demonstrated by higher numbers of cells in the cortical zones. The aforementioned measurements were obtained from natural event and led to a deduction that Superior has a capacity to recover from FFD, unless the plants were severely damaged (>75%) early in the season. 相似文献
16.
Summary Field performance of five fresh weight classes of minitubers ranging from 0.13–0.25 g to 2.00–3.99 g and conventional seed
tubers was studied in a short growing season (79 or 82 days) in two years. The heavier minitubers gave a more regular emergence,
faster ground cover soon after emergence, higher dry-matter yields, and higher fresh tuber yields. Radiation conversion coefficient
(RCC) did not differ. Higher tuber yields resulted from more radiation intercepted due to a faster ground cover, and a higher
harvest index. All minitubers produced plants with one primary stem. In one experiment when heavier minitubers had long sprouts,
time to 50% emergence decreased with tuber weight, whereas dry-matter concentration of progeny tubers increased. Conventional
tubers appeared superior to minitubers in all characteristics mentioned except RCC, which was similar. Differences in performance
between minitubers and conventional tubers were attributed to weight and age of seed tubers, presprouting method and crop
husbandry. 相似文献
17.
Summary In two indoor experiments under short day conditions, the effect of temperature during tuber bulking on dormancy of tubers
was investigated for cvs Diamant and Désirée. Temperature treatments started after tuber initiation and lasted for 4 weeks,
after which the haulm was removed.
In Experiment 1, the day/night temperature regimes 18/12, 22/22, 26/18 and 32/12 °C (T18/12 etc.) were compared. In Experiment
2, three day temperatures (18, 24 and 30 °C) were combined with three night temperatures (12, 18 and 24 °C), resulting in
nine treatments.
The dormancy of cv. Diamant was shortest after very high day temperatures (30–32 °C), but intermediate day temperatures (22–26
°C) had no shortening effect compared to T18/12. Dormancy of cv. Désirée was not shortened, but rather tended to be prolonged
by high temperatures (22–32 °C) during growth.
High temperatures during growth resulted in more sprouts per tuber after dormancy had ended. 相似文献
18.
Summary A comparative study of nine Indian potato varieties showed a good correlation between their total carotenoid content and the
tuber flesh colour. Regardless of varietal differences, carotenoid level showed an increase during storage at ambient temperature
(25–30°C) and to a lesser extent at 2–4°C and 15°C. Tubers exposed to an irradiation dose of 10 krad for sprout inhibition
showed decreased levels of carotenoids during storage, particularly at 15°C where 50% loss was observed after 6 months of
storage. Irradiated tubers stored for seven months at 15°C, on reconditioning at 34–35°C for 6 to 12 days showed a 2- to 6-fold
increase in their carotenoid content. 相似文献
19.
Geert J. W. Janssen Arend Van Norel Brigitte Verkerk-Bakker Richard Janssen 《Potato Research》1995,38(4):353-362
Summary Various methods of screening for resistance to root-knot nematodes were compared and evaluated. Seedling populations ofSolanum spp., grown in clay pots and plastic tubes with silver sand and inoculated with juveniles ofMeloidogyne chitwoodi andM. hapla, showed large differences in the number of egg masses on roots 7 weeks after inoculation. The differences were reproducible
when re-testing was done with cuttings and plants from tubers. No resistance toMeloidogyne spp. was observed with ten potato cultivars when grown in clay pots, plastic tobes or closed containers. Plants from tubers
in growth pouches developed a large two-dimensional root system, and after inoculation with juveniles the infection process
could be observed over 8 weeks.
A method of infecting potato tuber tissue withMeloidogyne is described, using tuber slices in Petri dishes as a potential screening test for tuber resistance. 相似文献
20.
Summary Reducing sugar and sucrose contents of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) from six cultivars were monitored both during the growing season and after a four months storage period at 10°C. Significant
correlations were found between tuber sugar contents (sucrose, reducing and total) measured at harvest and the reducing sugar
content after storage. Similarly, in five of the six cultivars, the sucrose loss and the corresponding reducing sugar gain
during storage were significantly correlated. 相似文献