Evaluation of Potential Thrombin Inhibitors from the White Mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn.)

The aim of this work was to verify the effects of methanol (MeOH) and hydroalcoholic (HA) extracts and their respective partition phases obtained from white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn.) leaves on human thrombin activity. Among the extracts and phases tested, only the ethyl acetate and butanolic partitions significantly inhibited human thrombin activity and the coagulation of plasma in the presence of this enzyme. Chromatographic analyses of the thrombin samples incubated with these phases revealed that different compounds were able to interact with thrombin. The butanolic phase of the MeOH extract had the most potent inhibitory effects, reducing enzymatic activity and thrombin-induced plasma coagulation. Two glycosylated flavonoids in this partition were identified as the most potent inhibitors of human thrombin activity, namely quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (QAra) and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Qn). Chromatographic analyses of thrombin samples incubated with these flavonoids demonstrated the chemical modification of this enzyme, suggesting that the MeOH extract contained other compounds that both induced structural changes in thrombin and diminished its activity. In this article, we show that despite the near absence of the medical use of mangrove compounds, this plant contains natural compounds with potential therapeutic applications.     

刺五加叶中化学成分分析

目的：分析刺五加叶中氨基酸、无机元素、总糖、黄酮的含量,为开发刺五加叶资源提供科学依据及物质基础。方法：采用日立835—50型氨基酸自动分析仪进行测定氨基酸含量,美国产MarkⅡ型800系列等离子直读光谱仪分析微量元素,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定总糖含量,比色法测定黄酮含量。结果：刺五加叶中含有16种氨基酸,其中7种为人体必需,谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量较高。并含有十多种微量元素,其中Ca含量最多。测得刺五加叶中总糖含量为1．51％,总黄酮含量为0．755％。结论刺五加叶中含有多种氨基酸、无机元素及其它有效成分,具有较大开发应用价值。     

花生品种鉴定技术研究进展

花生品种鉴定技术在良种保纯、新品种保护工作以及花生属分类学、花生育种后代选择研究中具有重要作用。本文综述了目前国内外花生品种鉴定的主要技术方法,分析了花生品种的形态学鉴定、同工酶和种子蛋白质电泳技术、DNA分子标记技术的研究和应用情况,讨论了花生品种鉴定技术的发展前景。     

黄麻圆果种新品种中黄麻1号的选育研究

中黄麻-号（原名C90-2）系1984年利用黄麻优良新品系71-8和79-51进行有性杂交，再与79-51两次回交，采用系统选择与定向选择相结合的方法，经六代选择于1990年育成的黄麻新品种。该品种有植株高大、高抗炭疽病、丰产稳产性好、适应性广等特征，适宜在全国各主要麻区推广种植。在1993-1994年品系比较试验中，两年平均纤维产量2814．00kg／hm^2，比对照增产14．32％，差异极显著；2002-2003年全国黄麻多点区域试验，纤维产量2808．00kg／hm^2，比对照品种粤圆五号（2472.15kg／hm^2）增产13．59％，增产极显著；纤维品质优良，纤维支数439支，纤维强力401牛顿／克，优于对照品种。     

黄麻圆果种新品种中黄麻1号的选育研究

中黄麻1号(原名C90-2)系1984年利用黄麻优良新品系71-8和79-51进行有性杂交,再与79-51两次回交,采用系统选择与定向选择相结合的方法,经六代选择于1990年育成的黄麻新品种.该品种有植株高大、高抗炭疽病、丰产稳产性好、适应性广等特征,适宜在全国各主要麻区推广种植.在1993-1994年品系比较试验中,两年平均纤维产量2814.00kg/hm2,比对照增产14.32%,差异极显著;2002-2003年全国黄麻多点区域试验,纤维产量2808.00kg/hm2,比对照品种粤圆五号(2472.15kg/hm2)增产13.59%,增产极显著;纤维品质优良,纤维支数439支,纤维强力401牛顿/克,优于对照品种.     

引进圆果黄麻新品种区域试验鉴定与评价

本研究对国外引进的6个圆果黄麻优良品种进行了2年5点丰产性、适应性试验和抗病性及纤维品质鉴定与评价.结果表明引进品种比对照种粤圆五号增产的有3个,占50.0%,其中2个品种增产达到极显著水平.C-1丰产性最好,比对照种增产10.6%,经济性状优良.C-3的稳定性与适应性较好.纤维支数高于500公支的特优异品种2个.引进品种的抗炭疽病能力与我国抗病品种基本相当,其中C-1、C-2、C-5和C-6属于高抗品种,没有发现免疫材料.     

引进长果黄麻品种多点生态适应性鉴定与评价

本研究对国外引进的6个长果黄麻优良品种进行2年5点生态适应性试验与抗病性、品质鉴定。结果表明：引进品种比我国对照增产的有4个，占引进长果种品种的66．66％，其中3个达到极显著水平；O-1丰产性最好，增产19．19％，经济性状优良；稳定性与适应性较好的品种为O—4；纤维高于500支的特优异品种1个为O—6。引进的黄麻品种在抗病能力上与我国品种基本相当，具有高抗黄麻小黑点炭疽病能力的品种有O—2和O—4，没有发现免疫材料。     

引进长果黄麻品种多点生态适应性鉴定与评价

本研究对国外引进的6个长果黄麻优良品种进行2年5点生态适应性试验与抗病性、品质鉴定。结果表明:引进品种比我国对照增产的有4个,占引进长果种品种的66.66%,其中3个达到极显著水平;O-1丰产性最好,增产19.19%,经济性状优良;稳定性与适应性较好的品种为O-4;纤维高于500支的特优异品种1个为O-6。引进的黄麻品种在抗病能力上与我国品种基本相当,具有高抗黄麻小黑点炭疽病能力的品种有O-2和O-4,没有发现免疫材料。     

单雌蓖麻的研究与应用

单雌蓖麻是珍贵的蓖麻资源。单雌蓖麻的研究与利用，对于蓖麻杂种优势研究具有重要的意义。本文综述了单雌蓖麻的遗传类型、研究及应用状况，提出进一步利用单雌蓖麻开发蓖麻杂种优势的策略。     

Rye (Secale cerealeL.) Arabinoxylans: A Critical Review

The arabinoxylans of rye are of considerable importance for rye processing, breadmaking quality and nutritional properties. We review their occurrence in the rye kernel, the variability in their structure and their physico-chemical, nutritional and technological properties, including oxidative gelation. Where appropriate, they are compared with wheat arabinoxylans. Finally, we emphasise that progress in the understanding of their functionality is to be expected on the basis of an understanding of the variability in their structure.     

Competitiveness of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars against Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. in water-seeded production systems

Developing more competitive rice cultivars could help improve weed management and reduce dependency on herbicides. To achieve this goal, an understanding of key traits related to competitiveness is critical. Experiments were conducted at Gelemen and Bafra districts of Samsun province in Turkey between 2008 and 2009 to measure the competitiveness of rice cultivars against Echinochloa crus-galli, a problematic weed in rice fields. Five rice cultivars (Osmancık, Kızılırmak, Karadeniz, Koral and Neğiş) and five E. crus-galli densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 plants m⁻²) were used. Koral produced significantly more tillers than the other cultivars irrespective of E. crus-galli densities and reduced E. crus-galli tiller production by about 29.5% at Gelemen and 15.8% at Bafra at the highest weed density. E. crus-galli interference reduced rice height and there was a density dependent relationship. Koral was the most competitive cultivar; it maintained high biomass accumulation in early growth stages and suffered smaller reductions in plant height in the presence of E. crus-galli, compared to the other cultivars. In the absence of weed competition, Koral and Neğiş produced the highest yields at both locations. Stepwise regression analyses of the combined data from both years showed tillering capacity, early growth crop biomass, and plant height were critical traits related to competitiveness. These traits should be considered by plant breeders in their efforts to develop rice cultivars with enhanced competitiveness against weeds. Development of such cultivars could substantially reduce herbicide and labor inputs for rice production.     

The composition of pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan (L. Millsp.) grown in Botswana

This study investigated the composition of pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan),grown at Sebele, Botswana. The raw seeds of six varieties were analyzed fordry matter, crude fat, protein, fiber, and ash, using Association of OfficialAnalytical Chemists procedures. Major minerals, Ca, K, P, Mg, Na and traceminerals, Cu, Fe and Zn were also assessed. The range of nutrient contentsobtained were: dry matter 86.6–88.0%, crude protein 19.0–21.7%, crudefat 1.2–1.3%, crude fiber 9.8–13.0%, and ash 3.9–4.3%. Minerals ranges(mg/100 g dry matter) were: K 1845–1941, P 163–293, Ca 120–167, Mg 113–127, Na 11.3–12.0, Zn 7.2–8.2, Fe 2.5–4.7 and Cu 1.6–1.8. There wereno significant differences in Na among the six varieties (p>0.05). For the other components, varietal differences (p < 0.05) were observed. The valuesobtained for the dry matter, crude protein, fat, ash, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mg weresimilar to those in pigeon peas grown elsewhere, while those for crude fiber and Zn were higher. In general, the composition of pigeon peas compared favorably with those of other legumes such as Bambara groundnut (Vignasubterranea). The levels of crude protein, crude fiber, K, Ca, P and Mgindicated that pigeon peas could be valuable in the diet of the people of Botswana. This crop would positively contribute protein in the diet and thediversification of agricultural produce.     

小麦杂种优势群研究：Ⅳ．普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦的种间杂种优势

本研究利用6个普通小麦品系与14个从国外引进的斯卑尔脱小麦杂交，研究了种间杂种优势表现，并探讨了扩大杂交小麦育种亲本的遗传基础和构建种间杂种优势群的途径。连续两年的试验结果表明，普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦种间杂种存在较强的杂种优势。就平均优势而言，单株产量，单穗产量和千粒重优势最大，分别为111.39%,62.77%,45.72%，单株穗数，株高和主穗粒数优势次之，分别为24．13％，20．18％和12．76％，主穗小穗数和主穗长优势较小，分别为4．08％和0．67％。研究还发现，种间杂种抽穗斯比母本普通小麦晚0－6d，但较父本斯卑尔脱小麦提前20d左右，表明早熟性呈部分显性遗传；蛋白质含量，沉淀值和湿面筋含量的杂种优势比普通小麦分别提高了8．55％，12．13％和9．91％，一些组合沉淀表现超亲优势，说明利用普通小麦与斯卑尔脱尔脱小麦种田杂交既可以扩大小麦亲本间的遗传差异，又可以显著提高小麦的杂种优势潜力。     

艾纳香中绿原酸类化学成分研究

为全面了解海南传统黎药艾纳香抗菌药效物质基础,本研究采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶色谱以及高效液相色谱技术对艾纳香提取物进行系统化学成分研究。结果显示:共分离鉴定6个绿原酸类成分:3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸乙酯(1),3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(2),3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(3),3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸(4),3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸(5),1,3,5-O-三咖啡酰奎尼酸(6)。化合物1~6均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1为新天然产物。抗细菌活性评价显示化合物3对枯草芽孢杆菌及化合物6对金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑制活性,MIC值均为64μg/mL,推测绿原酸类为艾纳香的重要抗菌活性组成。     

Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of the less known pulses,Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal andVigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

The seeds ofVigna aconitifolia andVigna vexillata were analysed for proximate composition, minerals, seed protein fractions, amino acids, fatty acids, and antinutritional factors. Both the pulses were found to be rich sources of proteins and minerals like Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn.Vigna aconitifolia seeds exhibited fairly high levels of crude lipid. The most limiting essential amino acids in both the pulses were the sulphur-amino acids, cystine, and methionine. Threonine inV. aconitifolia and phenylalanine and tyrosine inV. vexillata occurred in higher quantities when compared with WHO/FAO requirement pattern. Oleic acid and palmitic acid inV. aconitifolia and linoleic acid and palmitic acid inV. vexillata lipids were found to be the predominant fatty acids. The tannin content of both the pulses was negligible compared with the domesticated legumes. The other antinutritional factors like total free phenols, L-DOPA and haemagglutinating activity were also analysed/assayed.     

椰子组培研究四十年

组织培养对于椰子快速繁殖以及全球椰子产业发展具有重要意义。本文就40年来国内外在椰子组培快繁技术,包括椰子组培技术的重要性,不同外植体如胚芽、花序、子房等在组织培养中的应用与优劣,不同培养基和培育环境对组培效果的影响等要素,进行了详细的总结和讨论。同时总结了椰子组培快繁技术的进展,分析了目前限制椰子组培快繁技术发展的因素,提出了应对策略与具体建议。本文对椰子快繁技术及椰子种质资源保存具有参考价值。     

河南省花生品种产量性状的遗传改良

选用近二十年在河南省推广的12个花生品种为试验材料,对花生品种主要性状的遗传改良进行了研究。结果表明,品种的产量及其构成因素得到了明显的改良。2000年以后审定的近期品种产量水平有较大提高,比早期（1994年以前）和中期（1995-1999年）的品种平均增产540kg／hm^2,增产幅度达6．8％。近期品种在单株果重、单株饱果数、百果重和单株有效果数上比中期和早期有极显著地增加,500g仁数显著降低,产量性状中只有出仁率和500g果数变化较小。近期品种的脂肪含量比早期品种有显著和极显著地提高,近期品种的蛋白质含量比中期品种有所下降,比早期品种都有极显著地提高,而且幅度较大。近期品种的株高较中期品种降低4．9cm,侧枝长减少4．33cm,总分枝数比前期和中期减少了2个左右,但结果枝数变化不大。生育期明显缩短,由前期的135～140d缩短到近期的120d左右。近期审定推广的珍珠豆型品种远杂9307与早期品种鲁花12号相比,大多数性状得到了明显地改良。从各性状的遗传变异系数和改良潜力看,单株有效果数、单株饱果数和单株果重的改良幅度较大,出仁率、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量较小。     

花生小叶外植体植株再生及农杆菌介导的基因遗传转化

鄂花四号、中花四号和豫花一号萌动４ｄ的小叶作外植体，通过器官再生在ＭＳ培养基加３ｍｇ／ＬＢＡＰ和１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ上诱导芽分化，转至ＭＳ加５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡＰ上诱导芽伸长，再生植株。芽诱导率为８６％～１００％，每个外植体平均再生５个植株。在培养基中加入１ｍｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３和５００ｍｇ／Ｌ羧苄青霉素能有效抑制愈伤褐化和死亡，并能提高植株再生率。萌动４ｄ的小叶与农杆菌ＡＧＬ１分别共培养２ｄ，通过在再生培养基中加卡那霉素筛选，获得转基因再生植株，转基因植株生根后，移栽网室生长，并已开花结荚。外源基因的表达通过卡那霉素抗性和Ｇｕｓ活性组织化学检测得到证实。     

缺磷胁迫条件下大豆根系有机酸的分泌特性

采用水培和砂培方法检测了缺磷胁迫条件下大豆不同生育时期根系有机酸的分泌总量和组分的变化,结果表明:不同磷处理埘大豆根系分泌有机酸有显著的影响,缺磷胁迫条件下,不论是有机酸总量还是各有机酸组分的含量均显著高于正常供磷水平,差异显著,表明缺磷胁迫是促进大豆根系分泌有机酸的一个重要原因;大豆根系有机酸的分泌随生育时期而变化,表现为先增加后降低,在花期达到分泌高峰;大豆根系分泌的有机酸各组分在水培和砂培条件下基本一致,主要以苹果酸、柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸等为主,砂培条件下有机酸的分泌量为水培条件下的2-3倍.     

艾纳香总黄酮提取工艺研究

在考察提取溶剂、提取方法对总黄酮提取率的影响的基础上,运用正交试验对艾纳香中总黄酮的提取条件进行优化,确定最佳提取工艺.结果表明,艾纳香总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:30％的乙醇以1∶300料液比投料,以85 Hz的频率超声提取2次,每次30 min.在该最佳提取工艺下,艾纳香总黄酮提取量为208.6 mg/g.