Effect of High-Energy Milling on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Nixtamalized Creole Corn Flours

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - This study aimed at evaluating the effect of high-energy milling (HEM) and traditional nixtamalization (TN) on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in...     

Effects of Cooking on Anthocyanin Concentration and Bioactive Antioxidant Capacity in Glutinous and Non-Glutinous Purple Rice

Purple rice is a source of bioactive antioxidants for rice consumers. Loss of the major antioxidant compounds after a range of cooking processes was evaluated by measuring the changes in anthocyanin concentration (ATC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH activity) of four non-glutinous and four glutinous genotypes. However, soaking in water prior to cooking generally decreased more ATC and antioxidant capacity in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes. Wet cooking (WC) and soaking before wet cooking (S-WC) led to lose almost all the ATC and antioxidant capacity with only slight variation between genotypes. In the glutinous genotype Pieisu, which had the highest raw rice ATC, ATC remained the highest when cooked by the WC method. By contrast, almost no ATC remained after WC and S-WC in the low ATC genotypes such as Kum Doi Saket. Overall, the loss of ATC was greater in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes for both WC and S-WC methods, but the reverse occurred for antioxidant capacity. WC using electric rice cooker retained higher ATC than the pressure cooking. Thus, for genotypes with high ATC and antioxidant capacity, the selection of cooking method is critical for retaining and stabilizing rice quality.     

Variation in Antioxidants,Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Germinated and Ungerminated Grains of Ten Rice Cultivars

Present study was conducted to characterise ten rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars viz. IET-23466, Dhan-201, IET-23448, MAS-946, IET-23445, IET-23463, IET-23455, PR-123, PR-115 and IET-23449 based on antioxidants(total phenolics, flavonols and tannins), bioactive compounds(phytic acid, gamma amino butyric acid, tocopherol and reduced ascorbate) and antioxidant activity(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, free radical antioxidant power and total reducing power) with an aim to identify cultivars containing higher health promoting components after germination. Three cultivars IET-23466, IET-23463 and PR-123 performed better as revealed by higher level of antioxidants, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity before and after germination. Three cultivars MAS-946, IET-23445 and IET-23449 had moderate level of antioxidants, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Four cultivars Dhan-201, IET-23448, IET-23455 and PR-115 performed intermediately. Strong positive correlation was observed among total phenolics and the antioxidant activity. Phytic acid was found to be negatively correlated to the antioxidant activity. Our results highlighted that cultivars IET-23466, IET-23463 and PR-123 hold great potential after germination and would open up a useful opportunity for the functional food industry, and consumption of these cultivars after germination would afford health benefits to consumers since they contain higher level of antioxidants.     

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of bioaccessible compounds from wheat fractions after gastrointestinal digestion

Wholegrain consumption is associated with several health benefits, in contrast to the consumption of refined grains. This can partly be related to the antioxidant compounds in the outer parts of the grain kernel. The bioaccessibility of these antioxidant compounds from the wholegrain matrix during gastrointestinal digestion is crucial for their absorption and bioavailability. In the current study, the bioaccessible compounds from aleurone, bran and flour were obtained from a dynamic in vitro model of the upper gastrointestinal tract. They were collected at 1 h time intervals to assess their antioxidant capacity (TEAC assay) and also their anti-inflammatory effect (TNF-α reduction in U937 macrophages stimulated with LPS). The bioaccessible compounds from aleurone had the highest antioxidant capacity and provided a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect, shown by the TNF-α reduction of a relatively late time-interval (3–4 h after start of digestion). The contribution of ferulic acid to those effects was minor due to its low bioaccessibility. Aleurone seems a promising wheat fraction for cereal products with a healthy added value.     

Volatile Compounds Determined by SPME-GC,Bioactive Compounds,In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Physicochemical Characteristics of Four Native Fruits from South America

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The aim of the present study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by SPME-GC and quantify the bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, total flavonoids and...     

Bioactive Compounds and Health-Promoting Properties of Berry Fruits: A Review

This study characterizes biologically active compounds of berry fruits, including non-nutritive compounds such as phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, phenolic acids, stilbens and tannins, as well as nutritive compounds such as carotenoids and vitamin C. It discusses the biological activity of those compounds, in particular their antioxidant properties and the resulting health benefits.     

干燥方式对辣木叶营养活性成分、抗氧化活性及色泽的影响

以辣木叶为研究对象,考察热风干燥、真空微波干燥及真空冷冻干燥等脱水方式对辣木叶营养活性成分、抗 氧化活性及色泽的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方法均会引起辣木叶酚类物质、维生素 C、异硫氰酸酯、多糖类物质等 营养活性成分的损失,以及色泽的劣变和叶绿素的降解,并造成美拉德反应产物 5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hmf）的累积。然而, 通过真空微波干燥和冷冻干燥能有效避免辣木叶氧自由基清除能力的下降。不同的干燥方式各有利弊。其中冷冻干燥 能较好地保持辣木叶中的维生素 C、叶绿素,真空微波干燥能较好地减少酚类物质、多糖类物质等活性成分和抗氧化 活性的损失并减少 5-hmf 的累积。对于热风干燥,热风温度对辣木叶品质的影响显著,适宜的温度有助于γ-氨基丁酸、 异硫氰酸酯、多糖类物质等活性成分的保留。综合考虑干燥方式对辣木叶品质的影响及干燥效率,选择真空微波干燥 作为最适宜的辣木叶干燥方式。     

茶叶中黄酮类化合物对羟自由基清除实现抗氧化功能研究

茶叶中黄酮类化合物是一种天然抗氧化物质，通过对羟自由基清除作用，实现抗氧化作用。茶叶有较强的的抗氧化作用，是因其黄酮类化合物有清除自由基的功能。     

Phenolic Composition,Antioxidant Capacity and <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro</Emphasis> Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of Nine Prickly Pear (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia</Emphasis> spp.) Juices

Juices of nine prickly pears (Opuntia spp.) were characterized in terms of color, acidity, sugar content, phenolics, flavonoids, betalains and antioxidant activity and tested in vitro against four cancer cell lines. The juices had pH′s, acidities and sugar ranging from 4.27 to 5.46, 0.03 to 0.27% and 8 to 14.7°Brix, respectively. Juices also varied in color from white to purple and contained total phenolics, flavonoids, betaxanthins, betacyanins and antioxidant capacity ranging from 22 to 226 μg gallic acid eq/g, 95 to 374 μg quercetin eq/g, 3 to 189 μg/g, 1.6 to 300 μg/g and 17 to 25 micromoles Trolox eq./mL, respectively. Among the cancer lines tested, viability of prostate and colon cells were the most affected. Moradillo contained the highest flavonoids and diminished both prostate and colon cancer cell viability without affecting mammary or hepatic cancer cells. Rastrero reduced the growth of the four cancer cell lines without affecting normal fibroblast viability. The research shows intervarietal differences among prickly pears in terms of juice properties and phytochemicals that could prevent oxidative stress and cancer.     

不同品种柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力研究

本文以5类（宽皮橘类、甜橙类、柚类、柠檬类和金柑类）柑橘共5个品种的果皮提取液为原料,评价各品种的抗氧化能力。实验采用DPPH法和ABTS法测定柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力,用IC₅₀值来评价柑橘的抗氧化性,并综合分析了各品种柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力强弱。结果表明,供试柑橘的果皮均具有良好的抗氧化性,不同样品柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力不同,综合抗氧化能力由高到低为：太田椪柑>金弹>北京柠檬>纽荷尔脐橙>坪山柚,即在5类柑橘品种中,宽皮橘类的抗氧化能力最强,金柑类次之,柠檬类和甜橙类较弱,柚类最弱。     

DEHP对玉米苗期光合特性及抗氧化能力的影响

以玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,设置空白对照组(CK)及C1(50 mg/kg)、C2(100 mg/kg)、C3(150 mg/kg)3种不同浓度的DEHP(邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯)处理玉米幼苗,对幼苗的生长情况、叶绿素含量、光合特性以及抗氧化酶活性等多个指标进行测定。结果表明,随着DEHP浓度的升高,玉米幼苗生长发育的抑制作用越明显,叶片中叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)显著降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)显著升高,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)与光合性能指数(PI_ABS)均呈下降趋势,1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ru BP羧化酶)活性与磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP羧化酶)活性均显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著上升,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,在DEHP浓度为50 mg/kg时达最大值。     

Antioxidant,Antimicrobial and Genotoxicity Screening of Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Five Serbian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Equisetum</Emphasis> Species

The hydro-alcoholic extracts of five Equisetum species, E. arvense L., E. sylvaticum L., E. fluviatile L., E. palustre L. and E. telmateia Ehrh., growing-wild in Serbia were evaluated for their genotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and the results related to the total phenol content and HPLC flavonoid profiles. The total phenol content was 92–349 μmol expressed as equivalents of chlorogenic acid per g of dried plant material. Main identified compounds were kaempferol-, quercetin- glycosides and caffeic acid derivatives. E. telmateia extract showed the greatest antioxidant capacity. Almost all tested microorganisms demonstrated some degree of sensitivity to the examined extracts. All tested extracts at 62.5 μg/ml showed higher incidence of micronucleus formation than in the control sample. The obtained data allowed mutual comparison of examined species and their assessment as possible sources of antioxidants, antimicrobials and/or genotoxic substances.     

Bioactive Compounds,Antioxidant and Binding Activities and Spear Yield of Asparagus officinalis L.

The aim of this investigation was to find a proper harvesting period and establishing fern number, which effects the spear yield, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of Asparagus officinalis L. Spears were harvested at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after sprouting. Control for comparison was used without harvest. Spears and total yield increased with prolonged spear harvest period. In harvest of 6 weeks long optimum spear yield was the highest and fern numbers were 5?~?8. Bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and ascorbic acid) and the levels of antioxidant activities by ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays in asparagus ethanol extracts significantly differed in the investigated samples and were the highest at 6 weeks harvest period (P?<?0.05). The first and the second segments from the tip significantly increased with the increase of catalase (CAT). It was interesting to investigate in vitro how human serum albumin (HSA) interacts with polyphenols extracted from investigated vegetables. Therefore the functional properties of asparagus were studied by the interaction of polyphenol ethanol extracts with HSA, using 3D- FL. In conclusion, antioxidant status (bioactive compounds, binding and antioxidant activities) improved with the harvesting period and the first segment from spear tip. Appropriate harvesting is effective for higher asparagus yield and its bioactivity.     

Phenolic Compounds,Volatiles and Antioxidant Capacity of White Myrtle Berry Liqueurs

The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and physical-chemical characteristics of commercial white myrtle berry (Myrtus communis L. var. leucocarpa DC) liqueur (WMBL). The total phenolic (TP) content was measured spectrophotometrically, applying a modified Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, and phenolic compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet/visible detection. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated by FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH^?, and ABTS^?+ assays. The volatiles were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS/FID) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). WMBL showed lower TP levels (636.3 ± 39.2 mg GAE/L) than in purple myrtle berry liqueur (PMBL). Nevertheless, WMBL exhibited better antioxidant capacities, potentially due to high concentrations of gallic acid (294.2 ± 14.2 mg/L) and its derivatives (58.3 ± 2.1 mg/L). Other phenolic compounds detected by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS were flavonols like myricetin and its derivatives (myricetin-3-O-galactoside and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside) with concentrations similar to those found in PMBL. GC-MS/FID analysis revealed 44 compounds (terpenes, higher aliphatic compounds and shikimic acid pathway derivatives). 1,8-Cineole was the most abundant terpene in the liqueur (26.5% (HS-SPME) and 9.6% (LLE)).     

Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics Compounds From Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Juice

Phenolic compounds in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice were identified and quantified by analytical high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection, showing the predominance of flavones (apigenin, luteolin and tricin derivatives), among flavonoids, and of hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and sinapic acids, among phenolic acids, representing a total content of around 160 mg/L. A tricin derivative was present in the highest proportion (>10% of the total). The phenolic extract obtained from sugar cane juice showed a protective effect against in vivo MeHgCl intoxication and potent inhibition of ex vivo lipoperoxidation of rat brain homogenates, indicating a potential use for beneficial health effects and/or therapeutic applications.     

不同颜色糯玉米子粒中花色苷组分及抗氧化活性研究

以5种颜色糯玉米子粒为材料,测定其总花色苷含量、6种花色苷组分含量和色度以及总抗氧化能力。结果表明,深紫灰色、深红色和灰紫色糯玉米子粒中天竺葵色素含量均显著高于淡黄色和淡黄绿色糯玉米子粒中天竺葵色素含量,糯玉米颜色红绿度(a^*值)与天竺葵色素和矮牵牛色素含量呈极显著正相关。深紫灰色糯玉米子粒中矢车菊色素含量显著高于其他4种颜色糯玉米子粒矢车菊色素含量,糯玉米子粒总抗氧化能力与总花色苷含量、矢车菊色素含量、天竺葵色素含量呈极显著正相关。结果表明,可通过提高糯玉米子粒矢车菊色素和天竺葵色素含量,选育高抗氧化能力的深紫灰色糯玉米品种。     

Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of Culinary Herbs Subjected to Various Cooking and Storage Processes Using the ABTS*+ Radical Cation Assay

Culinary herbs have the potential to be a significant source of antioxidants in the diet. However, many culinary herbs are cooked or undergo some other form of processing before they are consumed as part of a meal and such factors may affect their significance as a source of dietary antioxidants. Thus, the impact of cooking (simmering, microwaving, stewing, stir frying and grilling) and storage (vinegar maceration, cold maceration and freezing) on the antioxidant capacity of common culinary herbs was investigated. Extracts of cinnamon, cloves, fennel, ginger, lavender, parsley, rose, rosemary, sage and thyme were prepared pre and post cooking or storage and their antioxidant capacities determined using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC). Simmering, soup making and stewing significantly increased antioxidant capacity, whilst grilling and stir frying decreased it. Both freezing herbs at -20 degrees C and cold maceration had preservative effects on antioxidant capacity. Herbs in cold vinegar macerations for 1 week showed a decrease in antioxidant capacity compared to the control extracts. These results indicate that the potential of culinary herbs to be significant contributors to dietary antioxidant intake is significantly affected by both cooking and storage.     

吲哚丁酸的体外抗氧化活性研究

研究吲哚丁酸的体外抗氧化活性,包括DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和过氧化氢的清除能力,以及金属螯合活性和还原力。结果表明,吲哚丁酸具有显著的抗氧化活性,且与吲哚乙酸相当,其对DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除作用、螯合力、还原能力均高于萘乙酸和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸,而对Fe2+的络合能力与没食子酸无显著差异。     

不同彩色甜椒果实发育过程中色素和抗氧化物质含量的变化

对培育的3个不同颜色彩椒果实发育过程中色素和抗氧化物质含量的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:白色彩椒和绿色彩椒有着相似的变化规律,即随着果实的发育成熟,叶绿素呈下降趋势,花青素和类胡萝卜素呈上升趋势,总酚和类黄酮呈先降后升的趋势;紫色彩椒含有相对较高的色素和抗氧化物质,且具有不同的变化规律,即随着果实的发育成熟,叶绿素和花青素呈下降趋势,类胡萝卜素、总酚和类黄酮则呈降-升-降的变化趋势。     

Influence of Extraction Solvents on Antioxidant Activity and the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Non-pungent Peppers

Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amounts of bioactive compounds and the variation in the amounts are still poorly understood. In this study, the efficacy of different extraction solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and a methanol:water mixture), as well as the levels of certain bioactive compounds in non-pungent pepper cultivars (TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58) were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and deoxyribose degradation. Hexane extracts had the highest level of carotenoids (47.2-628.8 μg/g), and methanol extracts contained maximum flavonoids (24.9-152.2 μg/g) in four different cultivars. Higher DPPH scavenging activity was found in the hexane extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (IC?? value: 0.67, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.48 μg/ml, respectively), whereas the reducing power was high in ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. Inhibition of deoxyribose degradation was highest in methanolic extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (51.2, 49.5, 52.6, and 47.4 %, respectively). These data demonstrate that solvent chemical properties such as polarity can differentially impact the efficiency with which different bioactive compounds are recovered from foods, and this could lead to differences in estimated biological activity such as antioxidant capacity.