怎祥进行蔬菜化学除草

蔬菜田土壤肥沃,灌溉条件优越,因而给杂草生长提供了有利环境.草害不仅影响了蔬菜的产量和品质,还为病虫害充当寄主和中间媒介,加上近年来温室、大棚和地膜栽培的推广,人工除草极为不便,因此蔬菜田化学除草势在必行.化学除草具有省工、除草彻底、经济等优点,但化除技术必须严格掌握.     

江苏省杂草研究会第三次年会收到论文、总结目录

论文或总结题目作者1.免、少耕小麦田看麦娘防治技术2.绿麦隆在麦田化除中的效果简析3.异丙隆防除麦田看麦娘的应用技术研究4.异丙隆防除麦田杂草的试验结果及其初步看法5.异丙隆防除看麦娘试验6.异丙隆的除草效果及施用技术7.草甘磷灭除免耕麦田播前看麦娘效果与技术8.免耕麦田播前应用草甘麟除草的初步研究9.麦仁珠的发生及化学防除10.郁芳灵(STARANE)防除麦田阔叶杂草试验总结1 1.百草敌防除麦田阔叶杂草安全使用技术试验小结12·百草敌安全使用辣术研究13.百草敌大面积应用和推广经验14.百草敌在麦田的安全应用技术15.新除草剂一DPx…     

洋葱育苗田杂草发生特点与防除技术

随着种植业结构的调整,我场秋播洋葱面积逐年增加,至1999年秋播时已发展至育苗田800亩。由于洋葱秧苗小,育苗田杂草密度大,人工除草困难,化学除草已势在必行。我们于1998～1999年对洋葱育苗田化学除草技术进行了研究,基本摸清了我场秋洋葱育苗田杂草发生的种类与消长规律,并经小区试验筛选出适宜的施田补等除草剂品种与配方。现将试验研究结果报告如下。1　材料与方法11　田间杂草发生规律调查洋葱出苗后选不同茬口田,每3ｄ1次调查记载杂草发生种类和数量。1.2　化除药剂筛选试验1.2.1　供试药剂　40%阿特拉津悬浮剂(吉林省吉林市农药厂产),…     

小麦免耕栽培技术

小麦免耕栽培是指在上茬作物(主要是水稻)收获后,不翻耕土壤,在田间无水或排干无明水的情况下先施用化学除草剂杀死田间杂草及前茬作物,2～5d后施肥、播种,然后开沟分厢,将沟土打碎均匀撒于厢面.它以土壤少耕免耕理论为基础,充分融合了化学除草、小麦直播栽培待技术要点,适应当前农业生产(省工、省力、操作简单、节本增效、稳产、高产)的发展方向.     

免耕油菜田几种主要杂草复合危害的产量损失模型研究

油菜是我市主要油料作物，常年种植2．6万hm^2左右。从20世纪80年代开始，油菜田化学除草已逐渐引起人们的重视，尤其敌草胺、盖草能、高特克类除草剂的出现，为油菜田化学除草开辟了新途径。现在油菜田化学除草已成为一项必不可少的农业技术措施。油菜田杂草是由多种杂草组成的，研     

油菜田草发生消长规律的研究

调查了中耕除草、翻耕,化学除草、翻耕和化学除草、免耕等三种稻茬移栽油菜田的杂草群落。比较了三种杂草群落中草种群的频度和平均优势度率;观察了翻耕移栽油菜田草的发生消长规律;并对草种群发生量加大的原因进行了初步的分析。     

免耕小麦（油菜）化学除草技术问答

免耕小麦（油菜）化学除草技术问答１什么叫免耕小麦（油菜）？答：水稻收后，稻板田不经翻耕整地，到播种季节时直接撬窝播种（移栽）或分厢撒播的方式就叫免耕小麦（油菜）种植法。２哪些类型田块适宜种免耕小麦（油菜）？答：磅田、二磅田、紫色土、黄壤土、沙壤土田，...     

稻田杂草间断化除

稻田杂草间断化除张杰（四川省凉山州植保站，西昌６１５０００）农田除草是植物保护五大任务之一，农田化学除草是农业生产上一项增产增收的主要措施，我州常年化除面积９０万亩左右，仅稻田化除就达７０万亩左右，堆收粮食，取得了可观的经济效益。但是，对于同一块田化...     

怎样进行蔬菜化学除草

蔬菜田土壤肥沃 ,灌溉条件优越 ,因而给杂草生长提供了有利环境。草害不仅影响了蔬菜的产量和品质 ,还为病虫害充当寄主和中间媒介 ,加上近年来温室、大棚和地膜栽培的推广 ,人工除草极为不便 ,因此蔬菜田化学除草势在必行。化学除草具有省工、除草彻底、经济等优点 ,但化除技术必须严格掌握。一、豆科蔬菜化学除草豆科蔬菜主要有菜豆、豇豆、豌豆、蚕豆等。播种前（菜豆在播前１～１４天施药） ,用４８%氟乐灵乳油每６６７ｍ２１００ｍｌ～１５０ｍｌ兑水喷雾 ,施药后混土１ｃｍ～３ｃｍ ;苗后防除禾本科杂草 ,于杂草了３～５叶期 ,每６６…     

直播水稻芽后化学除草试验效果

直播田杂草种类多、密度大、发生期长、危害重,成功防治草害是直播栽培的关键环节之一。除草方法主要有农艺措施、人工、机械和化学方法。机械除草具有很大的局限性,仅在机械条播的田块才能应用,有研究表明,即使在机械条播的田块,机械除草不及化学除草的效果好,因此发展化学除草技术是必要的。在直播稻种出芽前封闭第1批杂草的前提下,选用合适的化学除草剂防除第2批杂草对直播水稻的杂草防除作用十分重要。     

Prospects for using minimum and zero tillage in tropical lowland rice

Four field experiments were conducted at The International Rice Research Institute during the 1975 and 1976 crop seasons to develop minimum and zero tillage techniques for transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). High rates of glyphosate followed by a lower rate of paraquat effectively controlled Paspalum distichum L., but not Fimbristylis littoralis L. The tenminimum tillage treatments based on different combinations and sequences of pre-plant herbicide application, tillage and flooding, gave a similar grain yield to conventional tillage, and significantly higher grain yield than zero tillage treatments. Conventional, minimum and zero tillage were compared over four successive crops. After two crops with zero tillage, the plots were dominated by the perennials, P. distichum and Scirpus maritimus L., but with minimum or conventional tillage, weed control and grain yield were satisfactory. Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer usage by the crop was the same with minimum as with conventional tillage but higher than with zero tillage and was increased by placement at 10 cm depth. The studies indicate that minimum tillage systems are a dependable alternative to conventional tillage for lowland rice production.     

Weed flora and seed yield in quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as affected by tillage systems and fertilization practices

The effects of tillage system and fertilization regimes on weed flora in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were evaluated by means of two field experiments in 2011 and 2012. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with two main plots (conventional and minimum tillage) and four sub-plots (fertilization regimes). The results indicated that weed biomass and density in quinoa were influenced by the different fertilization and tillage treatments. Moreover, seed yield in conventional was 5%–13% higher than that of minimum tillage, probably due to the lower weed density and biomass. Concerning fertilization treatments, total weed density and biomass increased under manure application and inorganic fertilization. Tillage effects on weeds were species specific. The density of perennial weeds such as purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and the density of small-seeded weeds such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were significantly lower under the conventional tillage than under the minimum tillage system.     

不同耕作方式对小杂粮产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用深松耕、免耕、传统耕3种耕作方式,研究了陕北小杂粮产区不同耕作方式对小豆、糜子产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,免耕和深松耕有利于改善土壤物理结构,增加土壤的蓄水保墒能力,提高水分利用效率,节水、节本、增产增效明显,是比较理想的耕作方式。     

连续14年保护性耕作对土壤总有机碳和轻组有机碳的影响

依托于2001年布设在陇中黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区的保护性耕作定位试验,于2014年测定了5种保护性耕作(免耕+秸秆覆盖NTS、免耕NT、传统耕作+秸秆翻埋TS、传统耕作+地膜覆盖TP和免耕+地膜覆盖NTP)和传统耕作T处理下小麦-豌豆双序列轮作中表层土壤(0~5、5~10、10~30 cm)总有机碳(SOC)和轻组有机碳(LFOC)在作物生育期前后的变化。结果表明:土壤总有机碳和轻组有机碳在土壤剖面上均随着土层深度的增加而降低;相比传统耕作T,NTS和TS处理能显著提高0~30 cm土层中SOC、LFOC的含量,在作物播种前较T分别提高了19.51%、64.58%和13.36%、42.08%,在收获后分别提高了28.00%、85.37%和18.61%、77.82%,而SOC、LFOC含量NT和TP处理与T处理间差异不显著;从作物播种前至收获后,各处理下0~30 cm土层SOC含量均有减小趋势,其中NTS和TS处理变化量最小,NT和TP处理加大了作物生育期间SOC和LFOC的消耗;LFOC可以灵敏地反应出土壤有机碳的变化。因此,在该区推行以免耕、秸秆覆盖为主的保护性耕作措施更有利于碳的积累和土壤质量的改善,促进该区农业的可持续发展。     

Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition

Size and composition of the weed seedbank was assessed after 12 years of application of four tillage systems in two crop rotations. Mouldboard and chisel ploughing at 45 cm, minimum tillage at 15 cm and no tillage were compared in continuous winter wheat and a pigeon bean/winter wheat 2-year rotation. Weed control was based upon post-emergence herbicide application. Weed seedling emergence from soil samples taken at 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths was assessed in a non-heated glasshouse for 12 months. The tillage system influenced weed seedbank size and composition to a much greater extent than crop rotation. Total weed seedling density was higher in no tillage, minimum tillage and chisel ploughing plots in the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm layers respectively. Density in the whole (0–45 cm) layer did not differ significantly among tillage systems. With no tillage, more than 60% of the total seedlings emerged from the surface layer, compared with an average 43% in the other tillage systems. Crop rotation did not influence either weed seedbank size or seedling distribution among soil layers, and only had a small influence on major species abundance. The weed seedbank was dominated (>66%) by Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. and Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), which thrived in chisel ploughing and no tillage respectively. Results suggested that crop rotation and substitution of mouldboard ploughing by non-inversion tillage (especially by minimum tillage) would not result in increased weed problems, whereas use of no tillage might increase weed infestations because of higher seedling recruitment from the topsoil.     

秸秆覆盖对农田黑土春季地温的影响

通过黑土区田间长期定位试验,研究了秸秆覆盖度对太阳反射和土壤含水量的影响,进而探讨了其对土壤温度的调控作用。在作物出苗前,秸秆覆盖度免耕(覆盖度70%)>少耕(覆盖度10%)>旋松(覆盖度0%)。研究结果表明:免耕、少耕和旋松的累计反射强度依次递减,反射辐射强度越大土壤温度越低;免耕具有较高的质量含水量,质量含水量均与地温存在显著的负相关关系。     

陕西关中一年两熟地区保护性耕作关键技术综合效应研究——Ⅰ.对农田土壤环境理化性状的影响

针对陕西关中一年两熟地区应用保护性耕作技术存在的问题,以冬小麦传统翻耕技术为对照,研究了裸地深松间隔年限,裸地与覆盖旋耕,覆盖深松深度,裸地与覆盖免耕,传统与秸秆还田翻耕5种类型10种耕作关键技术对农田土壤环境理化性状的影响。结果表明：两季作物的农田土壤环境理化性状,在裸地深松间隔年限三技术中,均以隔年深松各方面表现较好;在裸地与秸秆覆盖旋耕两技术中,均以秸秆覆盖旋耕各方面表现较好;在秸秆覆盖深松深度两技术中,均以秸秆覆盖深松各方面表现较好;在裸地与秸秆覆盖免耕两技术中,均以秸秆覆盖免耕各方面表现较好;而在翻耕两技术中,均以秸秆还田翻耕各方面表现较好。     

耕作措施对玉米田耕层土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为研究秸秆还田基础上不同耕作措施对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,本文以渭北旱塬玉米田为研究对象,采用Biolog-ECO方法研究了6种耕作措施,即连年翻耕（C/C）、连年免耕（N/N）、连年深松（S/S）、免耕/深松隔年轮耕（N/S）、翻耕/免耕隔年轮耕（C/N）和深松/翻耕隔年轮耕（S/C）对土壤微生物碳源代谢能力的影响。结果表明,不同耕作措施下碳源代谢活性（AWCD）随培养时间的延长均逐渐增加,免耕、少耕的各耕作处理下碳源代谢活性较C/C处理显著提高了12.70%~54.54%,其中N/S和N/N处理的微生物多样性指数（丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数）显著高于C/C处理。主成分分析对第1和第2主成分起分异作用的主要碳源是氨基酸类、糖类和羧酸类物质,且是该地区土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。冗余分析表明有机碳（SOC）是影响微生物碳源代谢特征的主要因素。研究表明,从微生物群落碳源代谢角度考虑, N/S处理下的土壤微生物活性和功能多样性较高,是适宜该地区的耕作措施。     

Simulating evolution of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum II: past, present and future glyphosate use in Australian cropping

Glyphosate is a key component of weed control strategies in Australia and worldwide. Despite widespread and frequent use, evolved resistance to glyphosate is rare. A herbicide resistance model, parameterized for Lolium rigidum has been used to perform a number of simulations to compare predicted rates of evolution of glyphosate resistance under past, present and projected future use strategies. In a 30‐year wheat, lupin, wheat, oilseed rape crop rotation with minimum tillage (100% shallow depth soil disturbance at sowing) and annual use of glyphosate pre‐sowing, L. rigidum control was sustainable with no predicted glyphosate resistance. When the crop establishment system was changed to annual no‐tillage (15% soil disturbance at sowing), glyphosate resistance was predicted in 90% of populations, with resistance becoming apparent after between 10 and 18 years when sowing was delayed. Resistance was predicted in 20% of populations after 25–30 years with early sowing. Risks of glyphosate resistance could be reduced by rotating between no‐tillage and minimum‐tillage establishment systems, or by rotating between glyphosate and paraquat for pre‐sowing weed control. The double knockdown strategy (sequential full rate applications of glyphosate and paraquat) reduced risks of glyphosate and paraquat resistance to <2%. Introduction of glyphosate‐resistant oilseed rape significantly increased predicted risks of glyphosate resistance in no‐tillage systems even when the double knockdown was practised. These increased risks could be offset by high crop sowing rates and weed seed collection at harvest. When no selective herbicides were available in wheat crops, the introduction of glyphosate‐resistant oilseed rape necessitated a return to a minimum‐tillage crop establishment system.     

风蚀地区的保护性耕作探讨--以河北坝上地区为例

通过对河北省坝上地区农田风蚀的监测与分析,认为保护性耕作并不一定非免耕,在结构性差的土壤上适时耕翻也可以起到减降土壤风蚀的效果。