柽柳总黄酮含量差异性研究

运用超声波提取方法对柽柳植株中总黄酮的空间分布、年变化及不同柽柳家系总黄酮的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明:柽柳植株各部位都含有黄酮类化合物,但总黄酮含量不同,其中根皮和茎皮含量最高达到17.949mg/g和17.060mg/g,显著(P<0.01)超过其他部位,去皮茎含量最低为5.233mg/g;柽柳茎和嫩茎叶中总黄酮含量各月间存在显著差异,在7月达最高值显著(P<0.01)超过5月和6月;柽柳家系间地上部分总黄酮含量的差异显著(P<0.05),9个家系的平均值为20.232mg/g,变异系数为49.6%,滨1012和滨1018总黄酮含量最高,与其它家系达到极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。     

马比木不同部位喜树碱含量测试分析

分析了马比木不同部位喜树碱含量及其运移过程,采用高效液相色谱法对其进行了测定。结果表明:色谱柱Syncyronis C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水(60∶40),等度洗脱;监测波长:254nm;流速:0.8mL/min;柱温:30℃。测定结果表明:马比木喜树碱含量为叶=嫩枝皮嫩枝木质部主枝皮主枝木质部主干皮主干木质部根木质部根树皮。不同部分喜树碱含量差异较大,根部到地上部分至植株顶端喜树碱含量逐渐降低,不同部位树皮喜树碱含量差异比木质部大。     

云南松花粉中总黄酮含量的测定

以黄芩甙为标样,对云南松花粉中黄酮类化合物采用甲醇回流提取,用紫外分光光度法进行测定.结果表明破壁云南松花粉中总黄酮含量达到510mg/100g.     

兰考泡桐根材和枝桠材解剖特性和基本密度的研究

测定研究了不同直径兰考泡桐的根材和枝桠材的各种解剖因子及其基本密度，结果表明：兰考泡桐根材和枝桠材构造区别明显，不同直径的根材和枝桠材木材解剖性和基本密度均有变异，仅少数指标差异显著，根材和枝桠材相比，基本密度和木纤维含量为枝材＜根材，其余因匀为根材＞枝材。进一步分析论证表明，根材和枝桠材是刨花板的好原料；而枝材适宜于生产纤维板，但根材不合适。     

速生黑杨枝桠材纤维形态、化学组分及APMP制浆性能的研究

测定了3种速生黑杨枝桠材(ZY)的纤维形态和化学组分,并对其碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)制浆性能进行了初步探讨。纤维形态分析结果表明,纤维平均长度0.6 mm,宽度20μm,长宽比值30,壁腔比值0.4~0.6,含细小组分10%~20%,纤维粗度8~10 mg(以100 m计)。化学组分分析结果显示(均以质量分数计):1%NaOH抽出物22%,苯-乙醇抽出物2.0%,硝酸-乙醇纤维素44%~47%,聚戊糖24%~25%,酸不溶木质素18%~21%。速生黑杨枝桠材的壁腔比和纤维粗度较小,细小组分含量少,抽出物、木质素和聚戊糖含量相对较低,这些特点有利于制浆造纸生产及成纸性能;但其纤维粗短,长宽比值小,对成纸的物理强度显著不利。采用APMP工艺对速生黑杨枝桠材制浆,结果表明枝桠材(去皮)APMP浆的成纸强度性能明显好于枝桠材(带皮)APMP浆,但与主干材相比还有一定差距。     

云南松花粉中总黄酮含量的测定

以黄苓甙为标样，对云南松花粉中黄酮类化合物采用甲醇回流提取，用紫外分光光度法进行测定。结果表明：破壁云南松花粉中总黄酮含量达到510mg/100g。     

小兴安岭食药用真菌黄酮含量的测定

以小兴安岭林区常见多孔真菌、常种植的可食真菌为试验材料,对其黄酮类化合物含量进行检测,为黄酮类化合物在化妆品、医药、食品工业中的应用提供理论依据。试验结果表明,各品种中黄酮类化合物含量最高的是桦褐孔菌,其含量达到8.98mg/g,野生食药用真菌和可栽培食用菌6种及其菌糠中均含有黄酮类化合物。     

黄檗中生物碱含量的高效液相色谱分析

建立了一种简便、快速、准确的测定黄檗(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)中生物碱含量的高效液相色谱分析方法.色谱条件:采用日本KYA HIQ sil C 18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相乙腈/水溶液(1 000 mL溶液中含磷酸二氢钾3.4 g及十二烷基磺酸钠1.7 g)1∶1,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长345 nm,进样量10 μL.样品制备以63 %的乙醇作溶剂,在41 ℃下超声波提取黄檗茎皮64 min.用HPLC分别测定了黄檗根皮、茎皮和叶中小檗碱、掌叶防己碱、药根碱的含量,结果表明:小檗碱和药根碱在根皮中的含量最高,茎皮次之,叶最低,而掌叶防己碱在茎皮中的含量最高,根皮次之,叶最低.     

银杏叶茶鲜叶选择测试

为进一步提高银杏叶茶商品性,本研究通过对泰兴地区不同时期、不同树龄、不同采集部位银杏叶黄酮含量测定,确定银杏叶茶最佳采叶期、采叶树树龄及采集部位。研究发现,银杏叶生长有两个高峰期,即4月份黄酮含量出现一个高峰期,7月份是全年含量最低点,8月份以后,银杏叶中总黄酮含量又随着生长期的延长而逐渐上升,直到10月份达到最高峰。银杏长枝不同部位银杏叶黄酮含量差异极显著,上部叶黄酮含量最高,为22.11mg/g;中部叶和下部叶黄酮含量差异不显著。银杏中短枝不同部位银杏叶黄酮含量差异极显著,上部叶黄酮含量最高,为21.12mg/g。因此,根据泰兴地区不同时期、不同树龄、不同采集部位银杏叶黄酮含量测定,参照我国名优茶鲜叶采摘标准及制作工艺要求,优选2~3年生银杏树4、5月份中上部银杏叶。     

广东紫珠药材的总黄酮含量分析

以芦丁为标准品,采用紫外-可见光分光光度法,测定不同时期、不同部位、不同栽培和采收方式、不同栽培环境条件的广东紫珠药材样品中总黄酮的含量,了解广东紫珠黄酮类成分的动态变化。结果表明,广东紫珠药材总黄酮含量随着生长期增长,采收期宜在即将落叶时;植株不同部位总黄酮含量高低为：叶〉小茎枝〉果〉根〉主干茎,而又主要分布在叶片中,茎干的总黄酮含量非常低,因此可采取留干采收方式以利于来年枝叶萌发;野生广东紫珠药材的总黄酮含量略高于栽培,但差异不大;施肥是药材增产的重要措施,试验中施用沼气肥与不施肥的广东紫珠药材总黄酮含量差异不明显,因此选择沼气肥等肥料类型较好。     

Calorific values and ash contents of different parts of Masson pine trees in southern China

Calorific value of plants is an important parameter for evalu- ating and indexing material cycles and energy conversion in forest eco- systems. Based on mensuration data of 150 sample sets, we analyzed the calorific value （CV） and ash content （AC） of different parts of Masson pine （Pinus massoniana） trees in southern China using hypothesis testing and regression analysis. CV and AC of different tree parts were almost significantly different （P〈0.05）. In descending order, ash-free calorific value （AFCV） ranked as foliage 〉 branch 〉 stem bark 〉 root 〉 stem wood, and AC ranked as foliage 〉 stem bark 〉 root 〉 branch 〉 stem wood. CV and AC of stem wood from the top, middle and lower sections of trees differed significantly. CV increased from the top to the lower sections of the tnmk while AC decreased. Mean gross calorific value （GCV） and AFCV of aboveground parts were significantly higher than those of belowground parts （roots）. The mean GCV, AFCV and AC of a whole tree of Masson pine were 21.54 kJ/g, 21.74 kJ/g and 0.90%, re- spectively. CV and AC of different tree parts were, to some extent, cor- related with tree diameter, height and origin.     

银杏树冠结构对主干直径和干形的影响

以19年生实生银杏为研究对象,每木检尺,研究了银杏树冠的结构因子一级侧枝的层性、数量和基径对主干直径和干形的影响,主要结果如下:(1)银杏主干上一级侧枝分布的层性和不均衡,导致了主干不同部位生长量分配的差异,表现为随着树冠高度的增加,一级枝数量在树冠垂直方向上呈现“一年小一年大”的波动式变化;一级侧枝层的层间距在0.58~0.82m之间;某层侧枝数量少时,该层上方的层间距较大,反之亦然。(2)树冠上不同层次的一级侧枝及其数量和基径的差异引起主干直径与材积的不均匀分布,导致树干形质发生变化,表现为一级侧枝的基径随着树冠的高度增加呈现“升高-降低”的变化趋势,且树冠中部的一级侧枝的基径较大;每一轮的侧枝使该层侧枝上部的主干不同程度地变细。随着一级侧枝层的上移,侧枝层使胸高形率呈现缩小的变化趋势。一级侧枝直径生长影响着主干上下部直径增量的分配。     

Ginkgolide B produced endophytic fungus (Fusarium oxysporum) isolated from Ginkgo biloba

To screen the presence of ginkgolide B-producing endophytic fungi from the root bark of Ginkgo biloba, a total of 27 fungal isolates, belonging to 6 different genus, were isolated from the internal root bark of the plant Ginkgo biloba. The fungal isolates were fermented on solid media and their metabolites were analyzed by TLC. The obtained potential ginkgolides-producing fungus, the isolate SYP0056 which was identified as Fusarium oxysporum, was successively cultured in the liquid fermentation media, and its metabolite was analyzed by HPLC. The ginkgolide B was successfully isolated from the metabolite and identified by HPLC/ESI-MS and (13)C-NMR. The current research provides a new method to produce ginkgolide B by fungal fermentation, which could overcome the natural resource limitation of isolating from the leaves and barks of the plant Ginkgo biloba.     

Provenance variations in berberine content of Phellodendron amurense,a rare and endangered medicinal plant grown in Northeast China

Phellodendron amurense Rupr. produces berberine, a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine. We examined how berberine content varied in different parts of the tree with age and geography in Northeast China. Berberine levels in root bark, trunk bark, and perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Root, trunk, and perennial branch barks had significantly higher berberine content than annual branches and leaves. Moreover, berberine content varied significantly with both longitude and latitude in samples of these three plant parts. The populations growing at low longitude and latitude contained significantly more berberine than those growing at high longitude and latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient use of P. amurense.     

Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of Phellodendron amurense in Northeast China

Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr.The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark,perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of the trees with different ages and geographies in Northeast China were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.The contents of palmatine in the barks of root, trunk, and perennial branch were significantly higher than those in annual branches and leaves. The contents of palmatine in trunk bark and root bark from Lesser Khingan Mountains increased with age, which is significantly opposite to other three vegetation types. The contents of palmatine in perennial branch bark, annual bark and leaves had no significant regularity. Moreover, the contents of palmatine in samples of root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark and annual bark varied significantly with latitude. The nature populations of P. amurense growing at low latitude contained significantly more palmatine than those growing at high latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient utilization of P. amurense.     

Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phellodendron amurense</Emphasis> in Northeast China

Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of the trees with different ages and geographies in Northeast China were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The contents of palmatine in the barks of root, trunk, and perennial branch were significantly higher than those in annual branches and leaves. The contents of palmatine in trunk bark and root bark from Lesser Khingan Mountains increased with age, which is significantly opposite to other three vegetation types. The contents of palmatine in perennial branch bark, annual bark and leaves had no significant regularity. Moreover, the contents of palmatine in samples of root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark and annual bark varied significantly with latitude. The nature populations of P. amurense growing at low latitude contained significantly more palmatine than those growing at high latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient utilization of P. amurense.     

截干对叶用银杏叶片生理生化特性及产量的影响

银杏 (Ginkgo biloba L.)又名白果 ,单属单种 ,是世界上最古老的孑遗植物之一 ,集材用、果用、叶用、园林绿化等于一体 ,我国的人工栽培历史已有 30 0 0余年。银杏专用叶用园的建立于 80年代初起步 ,建园技术模式尚处摸索阶段 ,缺乏系统的研究。截干是培育银杏专用叶用园必不可少的技术措施。本研究对 1年生、2年生和 3年生幼龄银杏实生苗分别以不同留桩高度截干 (或抹顶芽 )处理 ,通过测定当年叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、含水率、总黄酮含量、叶产量和总黄酮产量 ,揭示了各处理叶片生理生化特性及单株产量的差异 ,为高效丰…     

黑银杏优良无性系选育研究

在对全县银杏种质资源普查的基础上，通过初选、复选和高接栽培对比试验，从２９７株雌银杏古树中发现并选育出了两个具有药用价值高、结实早、丰产稳产、抗逆性强等特点的黑银杏优良无性系———中银黑１号和中银黑２号。黑银杏种仁中总黄酮含量０９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，叶片中总黄酮含量８５ｇ／ｋｇ，分别比普通银杏高５０％和４１７％。文中还介绍了黑银杏的优良经济性状、生物学特性和生态学特性。     

生长调节剂处理对断根银杏生长的影响

银杏断根预处理后，用不同浓度的萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、生根粉-3在根部灌施。结果表明，适宜浓度的生长调节剂均能在某些程度上弥补断根对银杏造成生长及生理上的伤害。对断根银杏的生长来说150mg/L萘乙酸、100mg/L吲哚乙酸和100mg/L的生根粉-3处理均为本实验的最佳处理。另外，考虑3种生长调节剂的经济因素，则以100mg/L生根粉-3处理最优。     

不同坡位8年生厚朴人工林生物量分配格局

对不同坡位8年生厚朴人工林地上部分和地下部分生物量及其分配率进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,从生长量来看,不同坡位平均胸径、平均树高及平均木单株总生物量均体现为下坡位〉中坡位〉上坡位;就各器官生物量分配率而言,不同坡位厚朴各器官生物量分配率表现为干〉叶〉枝;从平均木各径级根生物量分配率来看,各坡位均表现为骨骼根〉中根根〉大根〉小根〉细根;地上部分皮的总生物量表现为下坡位〉中坡位〉上坡位,地下部分不同径级根生物量分配率随坡位变化而变化,其中干皮生物量分配率表现为下坡〉上坡〉中坡,枝皮生物量分配率表现为下坡〉中坡〉上坡,大根及中根皮生物量分配率表现为中坡〉上坡〉下坡。