Over-expression of SATB1 mediates invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition

AIM:To analyze the high expression of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its role in tumor invasion and metastasis. METHODS:The method of immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of SATB1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules E-cadherin and vimentin in 76 cases of NPC and 61 cases of nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation (NPI), and the correlations of over-expression of SATB1 with NPC patients' clinical parameters as well as the expression of E-cadherin and vi-mentin were analyzed. Variously differentiated NPC cell lines CNE1, CNE2Z and C666-1 were cultured in vitro, and then SATB1-overexpressing cell line was screened. After interfering with SATB1 expression by siRNA, the expression of EMT-related molecules and the change of cell invasiveness were analyzed. RESULTS:The expression of SATB1 in the nasopharyngeal tissue was dominantly localized in the nuclei. The positive rate of SATB1 in NPC group was significantly higher than that in NPI group (P<0.01). E-cadherin was membrane-positive in NPI epithelial cells, while membrane E-cadherin in NPC was decreased but cytoplasmic expression was increased. The positive expression rate of membrane E-cadherin in NPI was significantly higher than that of NPC (P<0.01). Vimentin was localized in cytoplasm and negative in NPI epithelial cells, but the positive rate in NPC parenchymal cells was significant higher than that in NPI (P<0.01). The high expression of SATB1 in NPC was not related to the patents' sex, age, clinical classification and N classification, but positively correlated with T and M classification (P<0.05). Besides, high expression of SATB1 was positively correlated with vi-mentin in NPC tissues (r=0.358, P=0.009). SATB1 expression in NPC cell lines was negatively correlated with the levels of cell differentiation. Knockdown of SATB1 expression in C666-1 cells with siRNA was accompanied by an increase in E-cadherin and a decrease in vimentin levels, as well as a decrease in cell invasiveness. CONCLUSION:High expression of SATB1 promotes the clinical progress of NPC through EMT mechanism.     

白榆二倍体及同源四倍体的生理特性及转录组差异分析

为了探究白榆二倍体及其同源四倍体的基因表达谱差异情况,以白榆二倍体及其同源四倍体为材料,比较二者成熟叶片的生理特征并采摘幼嫩叶片进行转录组数据分析。结果显示,与二倍体相比,同源四倍体丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量及叶绿素含量增加,可溶性糖含量降低。转录组测序结果共得到2 407个差异表达基因,其中上调基因为1 076个,下调基因为1 331个。在COG蛋白质的同源注释分析得到918个差异表达基因,主要涉及21个方面。共有1 380个差异表达基因被GO注释,主要与细胞组分、代谢功能、催化活性等相关。通过KEGG通路注释发现,共有930个差异表达基因分布到5大类KEGG通路中,其中以代谢机制中差异表达基因被注释到的最多。叶绿素含量的增加使四倍体的叶片颜色变得更加浓绿,丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量的增加与减少与四倍体植物在植物代谢与生长上有一定关系,经过转录组测序分析,糖酵解途径的基因表达为下调,还原性戊糖磷酸循环与光呼吸等与叶绿体有关的基因为上调。     

葡萄着色期果皮蛋白质组分析

为了研究葡萄不同着色期果皮中蛋白质表达特征,以着色初期、中期和后期等3个着色时期的葡萄果皮为研究对象,运用2-DE、MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS质谱技术以及生物信息学方法对差异蛋白进行分析,结果表明:(1)双向凝胶电泳显示,果皮着色3个时期有1050个高度重复的蛋白点,差异显著的蛋白点有162个,其中108个蛋白得到鉴定,有87个蛋白映射到葡萄蛋白质组数据库中;3个时期均表达的差异蛋白有20个,且随着果皮颜色加深,差异蛋白数量呈上升趋势。(2)GO分析显示,ATP合成酶β亚基(ATPβ)极显著富集于磷酸核糖代谢过程,对着色初期果皮生理代谢的能量需求具有重要意义。(3)KEGG分析表明,碳代谢、生物固碳、磷酸戊糖、氨基酸生物合成等代谢通路在果皮着色的不同时期显著富集。(4)qRT-PCR分析显示,S–腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因(VvMETK4)在果皮着色后期表达量最高。     

Gene microarray analysis of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma-related genes based on TCGA

AIM: To detect the differentially expressed genes associated with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) by microarray and to analyze the participated signaling pathway. METHODS: We analyzed 16 datasets of Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including 8 OV and 8 normal ovary samples. The function of differential genes was determined by pathway and gene ontology (GO) analysis. The probable functions of the key genes were predicted according to intergenic signal transduction network. RESULTS: The 1 144 genes were identified as distinctively expressed in OV (P<0.05), 747 of which were up-regulated and 397 were down-regulated. The GO analysis results showed that the altered genes were involved in 362 up-regulated and 160 down-regulated significant functions (P<0.05) related to cell cycle, DNA replication, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell adhesion, etc. The pathways of the different genes were involved in the 59 enrichment-related pathways (P<0.05), 45 of which were up-regulated and 14 were down-regulated. Among the 59 pathways, cell cycle, P53 signaling pathway, DNA replication, pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules and cell apoptosis were related to tumor genesis, development and metastasis. As a result, 229 genes with significant functions and pathways in GO and pathway analysis were selected to construct signal transduction network (Signal-Net), 4 of which, CDK1, PLK1, MCM3 and PGK1, were found to play key roles in OV signal regulation network. CONCLUSION: The OV shows abundant differentially expressed genes that play key roles in cancer-related signal pathways.     

广叶绣球菌子实体不同发育阶段的比较蛋白质组学分析

利用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification,iTRAQ)标记结合二维液相色谱串联质谱(two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,2D LC-MS/MS)技术,研究广叶绣球菌(Sparassis latifolia)原基期、幼菇期和成熟子实体阶段的差异表达蛋白质组.采用Q-Exactive质谱鉴定并经ProteinPilot软件搜库,对所获得的差异蛋白进行GO (gene ontology)、KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)和转录因子注释分析.结果共鉴定到可信蛋白2305个,其中2219个蛋白具有相对定量信息.与原基期相比,幼菇期显著上调蛋白104个,下调蛋白142个,子实体阶段显著上调蛋白155个,下调蛋白460个.GO分子功能提示这些差异性蛋白主要参与催化活性、蛋白结合和水解酶活性.KEGG代谢通路分析结果显示,差异蛋白主要涉及碳代谢、氨基酸合成、核糖体、糖酵解/糖衍生等代谢过程.差异蛋白中与信号传导和转录因子相关的蛋白数量分别为27个和7个.     

Construction of SETD2 gene knockout nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell strains using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and analysis of their proliferation property

AIM:To establish SETD2 gene knockout nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell strains based on CRIPSR/Cas9 technique and to analyze their proliferation characteristics. METHODS:Sub-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of SETD2 in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP-69, well differentiated NPC cell line CNE1, poorly-differentiated NPC cell line CNE2Z and undifferentiated NPC cell line C666-1, and the SETD2 high expression cell line CNE1 was screened. The proliferation ability of CNE1 cells before and after the SETD2 gene knockout was analyzed by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins was detected by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with NP-69 cells, the expression of SETD2 was decreased gradually in CNE1, CNE2Z and C666-1 cells (P<0.01). Based on the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, 2 monoclonal cell strains with SETD2 gene stable knockout, named CNE1-SETD2-KO-#5 and #9, were successfully screened from total 15 monoclones. The results of CCK-8 and plate colony formation assay confirmed that the proliferation ability of CNE1-SETD2-KO-#5 and #9 cells was significantly enhanced compared with CNE1-WT cells (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the G₁ phase of CNE1-SETD2-KO-#5 and #9 cells was decreased, while the G₂/M and S phases were increased significantly (P<0.05). The results of Western blot confirmed the increases in the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) and CDK4, and the decrease in the protein level of p21 after SETD2 gene knockout (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The NPC cell strains with SETD2 gene knockout were successfully constructed based on CRISPR/Cas9 technique. SETD2 expression correlates with cell differentiation status in the NPC cells. SETD2 gene knockout promotes NPC cell proliferation by up-regulating cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1, CDK2 and CDK4, and down-regulating p21 expression.     

树体休眠期前苹果花芽对低温早期响应的转录组分析

【目的】从总体上了解苹果花芽早期响应低温信号的基因表达情况,以期了解苹果休眠期花芽早期反应的分子网络,从而为苹果抗冷性研究提供理论依据。【方法】于树体休眠前收集花芽,低温(4℃)处理45 min(T1)、90 min(T2)和240 min(T3),常温处理为对照(T0),利用转录组技术分析了树体休眠前苹果花芽响应低温信号早期的基因表达情况,利用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)进行数据验证。【结果】与对照相比,T1、T2和T3分别获得237、508和990个差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes,DEGs)。GO富集分析表明:处理前期的DEGs主要涉及碳水化合物有关的代谢、单体碳水化合物代谢过程,而后期主要涉及刺激反应、胁迫响应和DNA的转录等生物学过程。KEGG富集分析表明DEGs主要参与了"植物-病原菌互作","植物激素信号转导"等。其中,在响应低温信号后,参与钙调素/钙调素类蛋白(Ca2+–CaM/CML)代谢的基因MDP0000808334、MDP0000263349等及参与脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)、油菜素内酯(Brassinosteroid,BR)和赤霉素(Gibberellin,GA)信号代谢的基因MDP0000189486、MDP0000122792和MDP0000287039等上调表达显著。【结论】Ca2+信号通路可能主要参与了苹果花芽的冷响应过程。此外,ABA、BR和GA等激素可能在苹果花芽响应低温信号中也起重要的调控作用。     

金针菇单核体DAN3和M与其杂交双核体G1菌丝阶段基因表达差异的转录组初步分析

以金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes)单核菌株DAN3的基因组为参考,完成单核体DAN3和M及其杂交双核体G1在菌丝阶段的转录组测序与数据分析,比较两个样本间的差异基因,并对差异基因进行GO功能分析和KEGG pathway分析.结果表明:两个样本中共有显著性差异表达的基因86个,其中,在G1中呈上调、下调表达的基因数分别为41、45个,有2个基因在G1中特异表达.GO功能分析结果表明,86个差异基因中有40个基因比对上了GO功能注释,其中18个基因在G1中呈上调表达;单一生物过程和催化活性为显著性富集的功能,相关基因在G1中呈上调表达.KEGG pathway分析结果表明,22个差异基因被定位到17条Pathway,其中10个基因在G1中呈上调表达,包括赖氨酸代谢途径对应基因,3_M和G1菌丝样品中赖氨酸含量分别为1.70×103 ng/mg和1.06×103 ng/mg,说明G1中上调的基因可能与之降解相关;DNA复制是显著性富集的代谢途径,相关基因在G1中呈下调表达.     

High expression of Axl promotes clinical progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

AIM: To explore the expression and significance of receptor tyrosine kinase anexelekto (Axl) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Axl protein expression of 78 patients with NPC and 32 patients with nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation (NPI). The correlations between the Axl protein levels and the clinical parameters of NPC patients were analyzed. NPC cells were cultured in vitro, and the expression of Axl in well differentiated CNE1 cells, poorly-differentiated CNE2Z cells and undifferentiated C666-1 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. After treatment of the CNE1and C666-1 cells with Axl specific inhibitor TP-0903, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was adopted to analyze the cell cycle distribution, qPCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of Axl and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of Axl and p-Axl. RESULTS: Axl protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The rate of high expression of Axl in NPC was significantly higher than that in NPI (P<0.01). High Axl expression showed no correlations with NPC patients' age, gender and M stage, while positively correlated with the clinical stage, T stage and N stage (P<0.05). Axl protein showed a low level in the CNE1 cells, but showed a high level in CNE2Z and C666-1 cells. TP-0903 inhibited cell viability in concentration and time dependent manners. TP-0903 at 2 nmol/L showed significant inhibitory effects, as evidenced by arresting the cell cycle at G₀ phase and reducing Axl activity and PCNA expression. CONCLUSION: High expression of Axl promotes the clinical progress of NPC.TP-0903 significantly inhibits the viability of NPC cells, suggesting that Axl may be a valuable target in the NPC treatment.     

Effects of EBV infection on growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line

AIM: To explore the effect of EBV infection on growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) cell line.METHODS: NPC cell line CNE1 was directly infected by Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The expression of EBV-latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry method (LSAB). The growth of NPC cells was identified by MTT method. Apoptotic carcinoma cells were detected by flow cytometry analysis and the terminal deoxynucletidyl transferase-medicated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods. RESULTS: EBV-LMP1 was positive in CNE1 infected by EBV(E-CNE1). Compared with CEN1, the growth of E-CNE1 apparently increased (P＜0.01). No apoptotic carcinoma cells were detected and bcl-2 postive cells were 2%~3% respectively in 2 kinds of NPC cells.CONCLUSION: Growth of NPC cells is enhanced by EBV infection and EBV-LMP1 expression, but no influence on expression of bcl-2 and apoptosis of NPC cells.     

Preliminary study on miRNA expression spectrum related to chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer

AIM: To screen the chemotherapy resistance-related microRNAs (miRNAs) of colon cancer using gene chip technique, and to explore the mechanism of miRNAs regulating chemotherapy resistance. METHODS: Gene chip technique was used to analyze the expression of miRNAs in colon cancer cell line HCT8 and vincristine-resistant cell line HCT8/v, and screen the miRNAs with significantly different expression. The results were verified by RT-qPCR. The target genes of these miRNAs were predicted, and the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the signaling pathway analysis of the predicted genes were carried out. RESULTS: Altogether 342 miRNAs with significantly differential expression were selected, in which 190 were up-regulated, and 152 were down-regulated. The verification results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-125-5p, miR-181c-5p and miR-153-3 was consistent with the results of chip detection. The expression of miR-130a-3p and miR-149-3p was not consistent with the results of chip detection. The results of GO analysis showed that the main pathway of chemotherapy resistance-related genes was RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. The chemotherapy resistance-related genes played roles mainly through positive regulation and are mainly located in intracellular membrane-bound organelles. The results of KEGG analysis showed that the pathways associated with the most enriched chemotherapy resistance-related genes were axon guidance pathway, insulin signaling pathway, and phospholipase D signaling pathway.CONCLUSION: miRNAs are closely related to chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Through the researches on miRNAs, we can have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and provide new ideas for reversing chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.     

The effect of EBV latent membrane protein 1 on proliferation and cell cycle of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of Epstain-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) on proliferation and cell cycle of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. METHODS:The expression of EBV-LMP1 was detected by immunohistochemical method (LSAB). Proliferation of NPC cells was identified by MTT method. Cell cycle percentage was detected by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: OD value of EBV-LMP1 expressive NPC cells L-CEN1 was much higher than that of both EBV-LMP1 negative NPC cells V-CEN1 and CNE1 (P＜0.01). Compared with the cell cycle percentage in both V-CNE1 and CNE1, the percentage of G₁ was significantly decreased and the percentage of S was much increased in L-CNE1 (P＜0.01). But no obvious differences were observed in all cell cycle percentage between V-CNE1 and CNE1 (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The expression of EBV-LMP1 on NPC cell might cause some change of cell cycle and enhance cell proliferation.     

Effects of EBV infection on growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line

AIM:To explore the effect of EBV infection on growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line.METHODS:NPC cell line CNE1 was directly infected by Epstein Barr virus(EBV).The expression of EBV-latent membrane protein 1(EBV-LMP1)and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry method(LSAB).The growth of NPC cells was identified by MTT method.Apoptotic carcinoma cells were detected by flowcytometry analysis and the terminal deoxynucletidyl transferase-medicated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL)methods.RESULTS:EBV-LMP1 was positive in CNE1 infected by EBV(E-CNE1).Compared with CEN1, the growth of E-CNE1 apparently increased(P<0.01).No apoptotic carcinoma cel s were detected and bcl-2 postive cells were 2%~3%respectively in 2 kinds of NPC cells.CONCLUSION:Growth of NPC cells is enhanced by EBV infect ion and EBV-LMP1 expression, but no influence on expression of bcl-2 and apoptosis of NPC cells.     

Proteomics analysis of acetylated protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

AIM To comprehensively analyze clear cell renal cell carcinoma （ccRCC）-associated acetylated proteins, acetylation sites and differentially expressed proteins （DEPs）, and to identify potential molecular markers and therapeutic targets for clinical application. METHODS The open search strategy was applied to re-analyze the mass spectrometric data of ccRCC clinical tissue samples including 8 pairs of cancer and paracancerous tissues. Mass spectrometric data of ccRCC containing 8 pairs of cancer and paracancerous tissues were downloaded from ProteomeXchange proteomics database, and subjected to database searching for the identification of acetylated proteins and acetylation sites. The DEPs were analyzed by power law global error model （PLGEM） algorithm and uploaded to cluster analysis, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. The expression of acetylated proteins was verified by Western blot using specific lysine acetylation antibody. RESULTS A total of 464 DEPs were identified by non-labeled quantitative proteomics, including 104 up-regulated and 360 down-regulated proteins. The GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up-regulated proteins were mainly involved in the processes of vasoconstriction, complement and coagulation cascade system, and platelet activation. More importantly, a total of 503 acetylated proteins including 1 397 acetylation sites were identified. We found that the protein acetylation level in ccRCC was significantly down-regulated as compared with paracancerous tissues, which was verified by Western blot analysis. We also found that the acetylation levels of glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 （GSTK1） at sites K158, K163 and K165 were decreased in ccRCC as compared with paracancerous tissues. CONCLUSION The proteins involved in complement and coagulation cascade, vasoconstriction and platelet activation may play an important role in ccRCC malignant progression. The total acetylation level was significantly decreased in ccRCC tissues, suggesting an overall suppression of acetylation in renal cancer. Deacetylation of GSTK1 is likely a key molecular event in the renal malignant progression and a potential clinical biomarker.     

转录组测序技术筛选安徽乌菜与普通白菜的差异表达基因

乌塌菜是白菜亚种的一个变种,叶面上有皱泡是安徽乌菜区别于其他白菜亚种的一个典型特征。采用Illumina高通量测序技术对安徽乌菜(黄心乌和黑心乌)和叶面平展的普通白菜进行转录组测序,共获得27.75 Gb clean data,各样品clean data均达到4.00 Gb,Q30碱基百分比在90.53%以上。将测序数据进行de novo拼接后得到127 988条转录本和46 950条unigene,平均长度分别为1 327.71 bp和856.26 bp。以FDR(false discovery rate)0.01且差异倍数FC(fold change)≥2为标准筛选安徽乌菜和普通白菜的差异表达基因,共筛选到1 296个差异表达基因。对所得差异表达基因进行不同数据库比对,共有1 156个差异表达基因被注释,其中1 150个差异表达基因注释到nr数据库;864个差异表达基因注释到GO数据库;200个差异表达基因注释到KEGG数据库,分属80条代谢通路。     

Inhibition of miR-9 expression suppresses proliferation,invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of down-regulated miR-9 expression on the proliferation, invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. METHODS: Human NPC CNE1 and CNE2 cells were transfected with the inhibitor of miR-9 by Lipofectamine to down-regulate the expression of miR-9, and the cells transfected with an inhibitor control were also set up. The cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The cell invasion and migration abilities were detected by Transwell invasion and wound-healing assays. Immunoblotting was applied to analyze the levels of the proteins. RESULTS: Compared with control group, inhibition of miR-9 expression in the NPC cells by transfection of the miR-9 inhibitor significantly decreased the proliferation ability (P<0.05). The percentages of the cells in G0/G1 phase ［CNE2: (57.96±1.39)% vs (47.93±1.76)%, P<0.05; CNE1: (51.24±0.88)% vs (48.29±0.39)%, P<0.05］ were significantly increased. The migration distances ［CNE2: (186.50±7.94)μm vs (247.56±15.56)μm, P<0.05; CNE1: (139.06±16.73)μm vs (230.66±14.27)μm, P<0.01］ and the invasion ability of the CNE2 cells (43.00±3.17 vs 65.80±5.20, P<0.01) were also significantly inhibited. Moreover, the tumor cells transfected with the inhibitors produced lower β-catenin. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of miR-9 expression suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.     

Functional analysis of differential microRNA expression profile in mouse fibrotic liver tissues induced by CCl4

AIM:To discover the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mouse fibrotic liver tissues induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and to investigate the functions of these differential miRNAs based on the gene ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG Pathway analysis. METHODS:The mice were randomly divided into normal group and model group. Liver fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of CCl4. miRNA expression profile of the liver tissues was assayed by a mouse miRNA microarray (Agilent 12.0). The differential expression of miRNAs between the normal and model mice was screened, and GO analysis and KEGG Pathway analysis were performed to determine the functions of these differential miRNAs. RESULTS:Thirty-nine miRNAs with differential expression were discovered in the model mice compared with the normal mice, among which 23 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated. GO analysis and KEGG Pathway analysis indicated that most pathological processes of liver fibrosis regulated by miRNAs included cell proliferation and activation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, cell adhesion, inflammatory reaction, cell migration, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and proteometabolism process. GO analysis revealed that the key up-regulated miRNAs were mmu-miR-322, mmu-miR-15b, mmu-miR-195, mmu-miR-200b and mmu-miR-214, and the key down-regulated miRNAs were mmu-miR-16, mmu-miR-130a, mmu-miR-101b, mmu-miR-30a and mmu-miR-30e. Analyzing the target genes screened out by GO analysis and Pathway analysis simultaneously, we found that the key up-regulated miRNAs included mmu-miR-200b, mmu-miR-322, mmu-miR-106b, mmu-miR-23a and mmu-miR-15b, and the key down-regulated miRNAs included mmu-miR-16, mmu-miR-30e, mmu-miR-30c, mmu-miR-30a and mmu-miR-130a. CONCLUSION: Differential expression of miRNAs is discovered in mouse fibrotic liver tissues induced by CCl4 compared with the normal liver tissues. Most of the pathological processes involved in liver fibrosis may be regulated by miRNA, such as cell proliferation and activation, cell adhesion and apoptosis, cell migration and differentiation, metabolism, TGF-β receptor signaling pathway and so on.     

基于银杏花芽3个分化时期转录组测序的相关基因筛选与表达分析

鉴定银杏花芽分化调控的关键基因,揭示银杏花芽分化调控的主要分子机制,为缩短银杏童期和选育银杏早花品种提供理论指导。本研究中采用高通量测序技术对银杏花芽分化3个时期（花芽未分化期、花芽分化始期、花芽分化盛期）的样品进行转录组测序,并分析数字表达谱,筛选开花调控相关基因并进行荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）表达验证。转录组测序共产生27.52 Gb原始数据,注释到8大功能数据库（GO、COG、KEGG、KOG、NR、Pfam、Swiss-Prot、eggNOG）上的 unigene 总数为35 179个。通过GO分类和KEGG Pathway 富集性分析,将unigene分别归于55个GO类别和126个代谢途径。差异表达基因分析显示,花芽未分化期较花芽分化始期有2 253个基因上调,2 032个基因下调;花芽分化始期较花芽分化盛期有1 770个基因上调,1 901个基因下调;花芽未分化期较花芽分化盛期有1 865 个基因上调,2 042个基因下调。发掘出大量的开花相关的基因涉及5个开花调控途径（光周期途径、春化途径、赤霉素途径、自主途径和年龄途径）。筛选出gene.Gb_17618（GI序列）、gene.Gb_19790（FT/TFL1序列）、gene.Gb_16301（AG序列）、gene.Gb_28337（花发育MADS-box序列）、gene.Gb_01884（SOC1序列）和gene.Gb_41704（CO序列）等6个银杏花芽分化差异表达关键基因序列,荧光定量PCR检测表达水平与转录组结果一致。