马疱疹病毒1型主要毒力基因分析及TK基因缺失载体的构建

为了解新疆马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）主要毒力基因遗传进化情况并构建TK基因缺失株,本研究以EHV-1 XJ2015株DNA为模板,对其主要毒力基因TK、gI和gE全长进行克隆、测序及生物信息学分析,并扩增TK基因左右重组臂TKL和TKR,构建质粒pUC-TKLR,将扩增后的增强绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP,含有CMV+polyA）插入pUC-TKLR质粒,构建TK基因缺失打靶质粒。TK、gI和gE基因同源性分析结果显示,XJ2015株与国外EHV-1分离株TK、gI和gE基因同源性均较高,分别为99.8%~100.0%、99.6%~100.0%和99.9%~100.0%;与EHV-3分离株同源性均最低,分别为72.9%、59.4%和62.1%;遗传进化分析显示,3个基因均与国外EHV-1同属于一个遗传进化分支,与EHV-9和EHV-4进化关系较近,但与EHV-3进化关系较远,表明XJ2015毒株与国外EHV-1毒株TK、gI、gE基因核苷酸上差异不明显,没有明显的地域性特征,功能基因保守且进化缓慢,同源基因功能相同或相近;经PCR扩增、酶切、测序及转染鉴定,本试验成功构建了用于TK基因缺失的打靶质粒pUC-TKLR-EGFP。通过对EHV-1主要毒力基因的分析及TK基因缺失打靶载体的构建,为新疆地区马鼻肺炎流行病学调查分析、TK基因缺失株的构建提供理论依据。     

马疱疹病毒1型gp2基因缺失株的构建及生长特性分析

构建针对马疱疹病毒1型(equine herpesvirus-1,EHV-1)XJ2015株的转移载体pUC-gp2-LR和pUC-gp2-LR-EGFP;将EHV-1 XJ2015基因组与pUC-gp 2-LR-EGFP共转染至RK-13细胞,利用EGFP基因筛选获得EHV-1 XJ2015-gp2-/EGFP+毒株...     

马疱疹病毒1型感染马疾病模型的建立及评价

试验旨在建立马疱疹病毒1型（Equine herpesvirus type1,EHV-1）人工发病模型,确定EHV-1感染马的半数感染量（ID₅₀）及感染发病的判定标准,为该病的预防与治疗药物的研发奠定基础。以新疆伊犁地区某发病马场流产胎儿中分离的EHV-1 XJ2015株为研究对象,设立4组不同病毒剂量感染组及对照组,经鼻内喷雾感染马,5 mL/匹,每天观察试验马的临床症状和发病情况,14 d后进行剖检,观察各组织脏器病理变化并应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测鼻腔排毒及病毒分布情况。结果显示,EHV-1 XJ2015株感染马的ID₅₀为10^-6.67/5 mL,其病毒含量为10^4.33 TCID₅₀/mL。与对照组相比,1×10⁶和1×10⁵ TCID₅₀/mL感染组马临床评分显著升高,主要表现为体温升高（高达39.5 ℃,一般持续2~6 d）、食欲不振、流浆液性鼻液和下颌淋巴结肿大;且1×10⁶和1×10⁵ TCID₅₀/mL感染组试验马均表现出不同程度的排毒,肺脏及脑组织中可检测出大量病毒,与对照组相比极显著或显著升高（P<0.01;P<0.05）;病理学检查发现,患马脑组织出现非化脓性脑炎及神经元水肿,肺脏组织出现间质性肺炎、嗜中性粒细胞、炎性细胞浸润、出血和肺泡间隔增厚。以上结果表明,EHV-1 XJ2015株对马具有较强的致病性,患病马临床症状典型,病毒主要随鼻液排出,并富集在肺脏及脑组织,通过上述指标确定EHV-1感染马发病的判定标准,本试验成功建立EHV-1感染本体动物疾病模型。     

含EGFP基因的马疱疹病毒1型新疆株gE基因缺失株的构建

为筛选马鼻肺炎(equine rhinopneumonitis,ER)基因缺失减毒活疫苗的候选毒株,本研究参考GenBank中EHV-1(登录号:KF644579.1)目的基因序列设计同源臂引物,以本地区流行株XJ2015株DNA为模板PCR扩增gE基因同源臂gEH1、gEH1,以EGFP表达盒(CMV+EGFP+polyA)为标记基因,酶切后依次连接至载体pUC-19,成功构建重组质粒pUC-gEH1H2-EGFP。将XJ2015基因组与质粒pUC-gEH1H2-EGFP共转染至RK-13细胞进行同源重组,以EGFP为标记进行gE基因缺失毒株的筛选及纯化,并测定重组毒株效价。结果显示:经5轮荧光噬斑纯化、PCR及测序鉴定,成功获取一株携带EGFP基因的重组毒株XJ2015-△gE-EGFP,且重组毒株效价(10~(7.1)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL)较原毒株(10~(8.8)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL)下降约10~(1.7)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL。采用同源重组技术成功构建了1株马疱疹病毒1型流行株gE基因缺失突变株,为未来筛选马鼻肺炎基因缺失弱毒疫苗奠定了基础。     

马疱疹病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立一种检测马疱疹病毒抗体间接ELISA方法,采用纯化后的马疱疹病毒1型和马疱疹病毒4型g D蛋白作为抗原,经方阵滴定法优化ELISA反应条件,并对该方法进行特异性和重复性试验。结果显示,使用此方法检测其他马常见病毒病阳性血清均为阴性;组内、组间变异系数均小于10%。采用建立的方法与国外商品化的马疱疹病毒诊断试剂盒对送检的300份马血清进行检测比较,两者符合率为95%。结果表明,本次试验建立的间接ELISA方法可以用来检测马疱疹病毒抗体,为马鼻肺炎的防控工作提供技术支撑。     

上海市某马场马疱疹病毒1型感染的确诊

采用马疱疹病毒1型和4型二重PCR分型方法,对上海市某马场临床疑似病例的鼻拭子和血浆样品进行检测,同时对扩增产物进行测序和比对,确诊为马疱疹病毒1型阳性,表明上海市马群中存在马疱疹病毒1型感染。因此,应提高上海市马匹饲养管理水平,加强马疱疹病毒1型的定期免疫和检疫,及时对阳性马匹进行隔离,对马厩进行消毒。     

马疱疹病毒1型ORF5基因分子特征分析及原核表达载体的构建

马疱疹病毒1型(EHV-1)对马产业造成严重的经济损失.该病的防控主要依赖疫苗免疫,但是现有的检测方法不能有效区分疫苗免疫与自然感染,给流行病学调查和疫病的防控带来了一定的阻碍.本研究聚焦EHV-1的非结构蛋白,以EHV-1 XJ2015株为研究对象,扩增ORF5基因进行其遗传进化分析、氨基酸序列差异性分析、蛋白质性质...     

新疆部分地区马疱疹病毒1型感染的血清学调查

旨在了解新疆地区马疱疹病毒1型感染的流行现状和特点,本研究于2019-2020年从新疆乌鲁木齐、昌吉州、伊犁州、巴州16处规模化马场收集1 657份马血清样品,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行抗体检测,对不同地区、品种、性别及年龄马匹的马疱疹病毒1型抗体阳性率进行统计分析.结果显示,乌鲁木齐、伊犁州、昌吉州、巴州...     

缺失gE基因的牛Ⅰ型疱疹病毒构建及其体外增殖特性比较

为构建gE基因缺失的牛Ⅰ型疱疹病毒(BHV1),本研究在BHV1全基因组感染性细菌人工染色体克隆pBHV1-ZJ的基础上,利用Red E/T重组技术,分别构建了gE基因缺失、gE和gN双基因缺失的pBHV1突变体,通过转染获得了重组病毒rBHV1-△gE,而双基因缺失突变体pBHV1-△gN-△gE则未能观察到细胞病变。病毒噬斑大小和生长曲线试验表明,在感染细胞内和培养基中,rBHV1-△gE滴度与亲本毒株BHV1无明显差异,而rBHV1-△gN显著降低;重组病毒rBHV1-△gE和前期构建的rBHV1-△gN形成的噬斑均显著小于亲本病毒,其大小分别为亲本病毒的18%和64%。rBHV1-△gE和rBHV1-△gN的构建将有助于阐明gE与gN协同作用机制和为研制BHV1新型基因标记疫苗奠定基础。     

Establishment of QuantStudioTM 3D Digital PCR Method for Detection of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1

The purpose of this study was to establish a highly sensitive 3D digital PCR (3D-dPCR) method for the detection of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1),which could accurately and quantitatively detect the samples with low EHV-1 content and realize the early diagnosis and prevention of equine rhinopneumonia.According to the conserved region of EHV-1 glycoprotein B gene,we designed specific primers and probes,optimized the concentration and annealing temperature of primers in the 3D-dPCR reaction system,analyzed the sensitivity,specificity and repeatability of this method,and established the 3D-dPCR method of EHV-1.In this study,the best concentration of primer and probe of 3D-dPCR was 0.4 and 0.4 μmol/L respectively,the best annealing temperature was 60 ℃,R² of the absolute quantitative curve of the method was 0.998,the linear relationship was good,the sensitivity was about 10 times higher than that of Real-time PCR,and the minimum detection limit was 5.83 copies/μL.There was no cross reaction with EHV-4,Theileria equi and the nucleic acid of equine arteritis.The results showed that the positive rate of 3D-dPCR was 66.7%,which was higher than that of Real-time PCR for EHV-1 in OIE (64.2%).The results of 3D-dPCR were consistent with those of Real-time PCR,and the sensitivity of 3D-dPCR to the samples with low virus content was higher,which could effectively detect suspicious samples.The results showed that the established 3D-dPCR method was more sensitive,specific and reproducible for the detection of clinical samples with low copy number,and could be used for the accurate and quantitative detection of EHV-1.     

马疱疹病毒1型LAMP检测方法的建立

本试验旨在建立一种检测马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）的快速、灵敏、特异的环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）,同时评价该方法的可靠性。根据马鼻肺炎糖蛋白B（gB）基因特异保守序列设计多对LAMP引物,利用LAMP Real Time Turbidimeter LA-320仪监测反应进程,进行引物筛选和反应条件的优化,建立能特异性扩增EHV-1 DNA的LAMP检测方法,并加入SYBR GreenⅠ通过肉眼判断结果。该方法在65 ℃恒温下作用50 min,使EHV-1 DNA获得了高效率的特异性扩增,与其他马易感病毒如马疱疹病毒4型（EHV-4）等无交叉反应;且具有极高的灵敏性,可检测到10^-4稀释的目标病毒,比普通PCR的灵敏度高10倍;反应结束后加入SYBR GreenⅠ肉眼观察的结果与LAMP Real Time Turbidimeter LA-320仪监测结果一致。通过将4份临床样品的LAMP检测结果与已得到验证的PCR结果进行比对,结果显示符合率为100%。本研究建立的LAMP检测方法具有快速、特异、灵敏、简单易操作且设备要求低等特点,具有实地检测EHV-1的前景。     

真核表达载体构建表达ＰＲＶ闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区片段的重组质粒

根据伪狂犬病病毒闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区的序列与身份种真核表达载体pPICZaA、pAcGP67A序列与特性分别设计了两对ＰＣＲ引物。通过ＰＣＲ方法扩增到了两端具有不同酶切位点的gE基因表位抗原编码片段。将这２个片段分别克隆到pPICZaA与pAcGP67A载体，转化大肠杆菌ＴＯＰ１０菌档及ＸＬ１－Ｂlue菌株，获得了含伪狂犬病病毒闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区的重组质粒pICZaA-FS与pAcGP67A-FS。序测定结果显示两个重组质粒中插入片段的大小与方向均正确。     

Neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic genotypes of Equid Herpesvirus type 1 in Argentina

Infection with Equid Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) leads to respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disorders in horses. Molecular epidemiology studies have demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism (A₂₂₅₄/G₂₂₅₄) in the genome region of the open reading frame 30 (ORF30), which results in an amino acid variation (N₇₅₂/D₇₅₂) of the EHV-1 DNA polymerase, is significantly associated with the neuropathogenic potential of naturally occurring strains. In order to estimate the prevalence of the EHV-1 neuropathogenic genotype in our country, we analyzed the ORF30 genome region of Argentinean EHV-1 isolates. The study was carried out by real time allelic discrimination PCR in 90 equine EHV-1-positive samples, being 89 from 54 cases of abortion outbreaks (two of which were in association with neurological disease) and one from the respiratory tract of a healthy horse in training. Our results indicate that 7% (4/54) of the abortion outbreaks studied were induced by the neuropathogenic (G₂₂₅₄) genotype of EHV-1 and 50% (2/4) of them were associated with simultaneous neurological disease. This information emphasizes the necessity to extreme the hygienic and preventive measures to diminish EHV-1 infections and consequently reduce the risk of epizootic neurological disease as has been recently observed in other countries.     

新疆伊犁地区马疱疹病毒1型ORF30基因序列分析

为研究马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1-XJ2015）新疆伊犁分离株致病基因型,评估新疆EHV-1-XJ2015的潜在风险因素,本试验设计特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增EHV-1-XJ2015分离株ORF30基因相应区域,连接至克隆载体,成功构建重组质粒pMD19-T-ORF30。测序结果表明,EHV-1-XJ2015毒株ORF30基因2 254 bp处为A,且编码天冬酰胺（N）,分析证明EHV-1-XJ2015基因型为非神经型毒株,毒力倾向表现为流产型毒株;遗传进化显示,EHV-1-XJ2015毒株与日本分离株90c16、00c19、HH1、NY03为同一分支,氨基酸同源性最高为100%。本研究结果为开展EHV-1分子流行病学调查研究及为新疆地区现有诊断方法和防控措施的评估提供理论依据。     

Neonatal Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection on a Thoroughbred Breeding Farm

Of 17 foals born on a Thoroughbred breeding farm between March and April 1995, infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was associated with neonatal morbidity in 5 foals, 3 of which died or were euthanized. Morbidity and mortality were associated with pulmonary inflammation, and EHV-1 was identified in the lungs of the 3 foals that died. All neonatal EHV-1 infections occurred in foals of mares housed in the same pasture and barn. No other clinical manifestations of EHV-1 infection (eg, abortion, neurologic disease, or respiratory disease) occurred during this outbreak. Three foals were treated with acyclovir (1 died, 2 survived), which may have influenced the clinical outcome in the surviving foals.     

猫疱疹病毒1型的分离鉴定及gD基因序列分析

为研究猫疱疹病毒1型(FHV-1)的分子流行病学特征,对2016年-2017年从洛阳及天津地区多家宠物医院收集的具有上呼吸道感染症状的病猫眼鼻拭子样品,用FK-81细胞进行病毒分离,通过间接免疫荧光试验、电镜形态观察和gD基因测序分析等方法鉴定所分离的病毒,并进行病毒体外生长动力学研究。结果显示,病料在FK-81细胞上接种后24 h^36 h呈现变圆、融合、局灶性堆积聚团和脱落等细胞病变;分离毒株可被FHV-1单克隆抗体特异性识别;电镜下可观察到病毒粒子呈圆形、有囊膜、直径约130 nm,具有疱疹病毒科的典型形态特征,将所分离到的5株FHV-1分别命名为2016TJ1株、2016TJ2株、2017LY1株、2017LY2株和2017LY3株;病毒一步生长曲线测定结果显示,接种后12 h^36 h病毒快速增殖,40 h^60 h病毒滴度达到高峰,72 h病毒滴度开始下降;5株FHV-1 gD基因序列之间的同源性为100%,核酸序列高度保守且与国内外流行株及疫苗株的同源性极高。研究结果为我国宠物猫群中FHV-1的病原分离、分子流行病学调查等研究积累了资料。     

Construction and Identification of Brucella WadC Gene Deletion Strain

The purpose of the test was to analyze the role of the glycosyltransferase-encoding gene WadC in affecting the intracellular survival of Brucella.Using the Brucella sheep Rev.1 genome as template,the fusion fragments of the homologous arms of the upper and lower arms of WadC gene were obtained by homologous recombination,and ligated to the vector pUC19-SacB to construct the pUC19-SacB-ΔwadC recombinant vector,which was transferred to sheep species Brucella Rev.1,constructing a ΔwadC deletion strain (Rev.1ΔwadC),testing the genetic stability of the strain Rev.1ΔwadC,comparing and analyzing the growth characteristics of the parental strain Rev.1 and the deletion strain Rev.1ΔwadC and the BMDC and RAW264.7 viability of cells.The results showed that the gene-deficient strain was successfully constructed in the experiment,and no genetic back mutation was found in 30 consecutive passages.Under the same culture conditions in vitro,the growth trend of the deleted strain Rev.1ΔwadC was similar to that of the parental strain Rev.1,and both reached logarithmic growth period at 20 h and reached plateau period at 44 h.When the BMDC cells were infected at 48 and 72 h,the intracellular survival rate was significantly lower than that of the parent strain (P<0.05).The RAW264.7 macrophage test of infected mice showed that the parent strain had no significant difference with the gene deletion strain (P>0.05).To sum up,this experiment successfully constructed and obtained a strain of Brucella WadC gene with good genetic stability.The deletion strain had similar growth trend with the parent strain under in vitro culture conditions;However,the survival ability of the deletion strain in BMDC cells was significantly weakened.This study laid a foundation for further study on the function of WadC gene of Brucella.