EM菌与ZnSO4包衣处理对玉米幼苗形态及生理指标的影响

采用砂培试验研究了EM菌与硫酸锌包衣处理对玉米幼苗形态及生理指标的影响。结果表明,EM菌与硫酸锌包衣处理能明显促进玉米幼苗的生长发育。在干旱胁迫下,叶绿素和SOD的含量高于对照,脯氨酸的含量低于对照,表现出一定的抗旱性。硫酸锌包衣处理对玉米幼苗形态的影响较大,EM菌包衣处理对玉米生理指标的影响较大。     

15%克·福·唑醇悬浮种衣剂芽后包衣对玉米幼苗的生理效应

研究了唑醇类种衣剂芽后包衣对玉米幼苗的生理效应。结果表明,用15%克·福·唑醇悬浮种衣剂芽后包衣处理对玉米幼苗无不良影响,对幼苗根系活力、根的过氧化物酶活性、幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率及叶肉细胞间隙CO2浓度均有不同程度的提高。以药种比1∶50芽后包衣效果最佳。     

EM包衣对玉米苗期防治丝黑穗病效果研究

采用砂培试验研究了有效微生物菌群(EM)包衣处理对玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响及对不同温湿度处理的EM包衣和未包衣的玉米种子在大田生产环境下的发病率进行比较。结果表明：EM包衣能明显提高玉米种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数,减少了玉米种子在土壤中的感病率。在有病菌存在的条件下,包衣处理的玉米幼苗的苗高、根长、叶面积、苗干重均明显高于未包衣的玉米幼苗,促进了幼苗根系生长和地上部分的生长。在病菌环境下,经EM包衣处理的玉米种子,其抗坏血酸含量、可溶性总糖含量及丙二醛含量均低于未包衣的玉米种子;而超氧化物歧化酶活性明显高于未包衣的玉米种子。说明EM包衣处理可增强玉米种子的抗病性,提高对玉米丝黑穗病的防治效果。     

水杨酸包衣对低温胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过室内砂培试验,研究低温胁迫下水杨酸包衣玉米种子对其萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下水杨酸包衣玉米种子的萌发指标和幼苗形态指标均优于对照,其中,发芽率比对照高8个百分点,差异极显著;低温胁迫下水杨酸包衣玉米幼苗的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均低于对照,叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量均高于对照,有利于增强玉米幼苗抵御低温冷害的能力。     

低温逆境下氯化胆碱包衣对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生理生化指标的影响

通过室内砂培试验,研究低温逆境下氯化胆碱包衣玉米种子对其萌发及幼苗生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,低温逆境下氯化胆碱包衣能显著提高种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并提高种子发芽势;包衣处理明显提高低温逆境下玉米幼苗的苗高、根长、茎粗、根冠比和单株干重,具有良好的壮苗作用;低温逆境下包衣处理的幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量均高于对照,丙二醛含量和相对电导率低于对照。     

腐植酸包衣对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

在正常水分和水分胁迫两种处理条件下研究腐植酸包衣对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,腐植酸包衣能提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数,使玉米幼苗变高、叶鞘增粗、根长增加、根冠比提高。测定玉米幼苗生理生化指标的结果表明,腐植酸包衣处理能降低幼苗的电导率、脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量,提高叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和SOD活性,有利于增强玉米幼苗的抗旱能力。     

低温干燥贮藏包衣和非包衣玉米种子活力及生理差异性研究

以玉米品种NK618和济单7号的包衣和非包衣种子为试验材料,低温干燥贮藏16个月、28个月和40个月,分别测定种子的发芽、活力指标,测定幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT、MDA、脯氨酸等含量,探讨低温干燥贮藏条件下玉米种子的可种用时间,比较包衣和非包衣玉米种子间的贮藏差异性及生理变化。结果表明,低温干燥条件下玉米种子贮藏16个月,包衣种子的各项发芽及活力指标比新种子显著降低,非包衣则无显著性变化;贮藏28个月,NK618和济单7号非包衣种子的发芽率分别是91%和87%,均可作种用,包衣种子已无种用价值;贮藏40个月时包衣和非包衣种子均不可作种用。包衣种子比非包衣种子更易老化,幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT含量均随贮藏时间延长而降低,贮藏28个月两个品种包衣和非包衣3种酶含量均比对照新种子含量降低,但差异显著性不同;MDA和脯氨酸含量随贮藏时间延长而增加,贮藏40个月时两个品种的包衣和非包衣种子萌发幼苗MDA含量均达最大值。     

干旱胁迫下多效唑包衣对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究在干旱胁迫下多效唑包衣玉米种子对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,多效唑包衣能明显提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数,其中发芽率高出正常生长的6%,使玉米幼苗变矮,茎粗和根长增加,根冠比极显著提高。测定玉米幼苗的生理生化指标表明,多效唑包衣处理能明显地降低幼苗的脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量,提高可溶性糖含量和SOD活性,有利于增强玉米幼苗的抗旱能力。     

低温逆境下肌醇包衣对玉米种子的萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过室内砂培试验,研究低温逆境下肌醇包衣玉米种子对其萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：低温逆境下肌醇包衣能显著提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,使玉米幼苗的苗高、根长、茎粗、单株干重和根冠比等指标都显著高于对照。低温逆境结束后,肌醇包衣处理的超氧化物歧化酶活性、叶绿素含量均显著高于对照;相对电导率显著低于对照。恢复3 d后,脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量显著低于对照。     

包衣大豆萌发期、苗期生理与形态指标研究

通过对种衣剂包衣的大豆种子萌发期、苗期生理指标、形态指标测定结果表明：包衣的大豆种子发芽率，呼吸强度、苗期可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、株高和根比、胚根长和粗等指标均高于对照。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。