青海省藏羊片形吸虫18S rRNA基因的扩增及虫种鉴定

为了进一步确定青海地区藏羊体内片形吸虫,并为青海省藏羊体内片形吸虫的分类研究提供科学的参考依据,取片形吸虫基因组DNA,利用保守引物,PCR扩增18S r RNA片段并测序。应用DNAMAN软件用对所测得的序列与Gen Bank中已经发布的大片吸虫(Fasciola gigantica)和肝片吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)的18S r RNA序列进行比对分析。结果发现测得目的片段长度为1 737 bp,测得序列与大片吸虫18S r RNA序列相似度为92.98%,与肝片吸虫的18S r RNA序列相似度为99.77%,从而进一步确定所采虫体为肝片吸虫。     

两种片形吸虫感染家兔的试验比较

用大片形吸虫和肝片形吸虫感染家兔以便选择大片形吸虫对动物的最佳感染量，及明确号肝片形吸虫和大片形吸虫的生物学和对动物宿主的致病力的差别。结果显示肝片形吸虫虫体在兔体内发育成熟的时间早于大片形吸虫．感染成活率更高，对动物的病理损害明显比感染大片形吸虫兔的病变要轻。本试验证实这两种片形吸虫除了形态学的差异外，在对动物致病力、病理损害等万面确实存在差别。     

两种片形吸虫感染家兔的试验比较

用大片形吸虫和肝片形吸虫感染家兔以便选择大片形吸虫对动物的最佳感染量,及明确肝片形吸虫和大片形吸虫的生物学和对动物宿主的致病力的差别。结果显示肝片形吸虫虫体在兔体内发育成熟的时间早于大片形吸虫,感染成活率更高,对动物的病理损害明显比感染大片形吸虫兔的病变要轻。本试验证实这两种片形吸虫除了形态学的差异外,在对动物致病力、病理损害等方面确实存在差别。     

片形吸虫“中间型”核糖体大小亚基序列多态位点的解析

为了分析片形吸虫"中间型"核糖体rDNA大小亚基中是否存在多态位点,试验通过经典分子生物学方法对采自青海省、广西壮族自治区和黑龙江省的片形吸虫进行准确鉴定,扩增3个地区片形吸虫rDNA的18S和28S序列,通过比对序列分析可能存在的多态位点,最后对可能存在的多态位点片段进行克隆验证。结果表明:采自青海省、广西壮族自治区和黑龙江省的片形吸虫分别是肝片吸虫、大片吸虫和片形吸虫"中间型",片形吸虫"中间型"18S的第653位和28S的第371,575,1 422,2 981位为多态位点。说明片形吸虫"中间型"rDNA 18S和28S序列存在5个新的多态位点,丰富了片形吸虫分子分类的标记基因。     

分子分类结合形态学观察鉴定重庆地区片形吸虫种类

目的明确重庆地区片形吸虫的种类,并为重庆地区片形吸虫的分类研究提供科学的参考依据。方法在对重庆地区黄牛、水牛肝脏上寄生的片形吸虫形态结构进行观察后,根据片形吸虫第一内转录间隔区(ITS-1)和第二内转录间隔区(ITS-2)基因设计特异性引物,运用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)技术,以法国肝片吸虫gDNA为对照,对所采样品gDNA用大片吸虫和肝片吸虫的ITS-1和ITS-2特异性引物进行扩增。结果形态学鉴定均为“不规则”片形吸虫,电泳结果显示均分别扩增出特异性ITS-1和ITS-2条带。结论综合形态学和PCR鉴定结果,初步认为重庆地区存在着大片吸虫和肝片吸虫的“中间型”。     

肝片吸虫蚴虫的形态学及分子学鉴定

为了找到青海地区肝片吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)的主要中间宿主,并对椎实螺(Lymnaeidae snails)体内的蚴虫进行虫种鉴定。对青海部分地区的椎实螺进行压片镜检,结果发现椭圆萝卜螺(Radix swinhoei)内无肝片吸虫蚴虫感染。狭萝卜螺(Radix lagotis)体内发现雷蚴,雷蚴为肝片吸虫的蚴虫,但是感染率较低为10%。青海萝卜螺(Radix cucnnorica)体内发现了雷蚴和尾蚴,并在养殖青海萝卜螺的水中青菜叶子上收集到囊蚴,经初步鉴定均为肝片吸虫的蚴虫,感染率较高为41.89%。主要中间宿主螺为青海萝卜螺。提取蚴虫体内DNA,通过PCR扩增18S rRNA片段并测序。将测序用DNAMAN软件进行比对后发现,与Gen Bank中发布的大片吸虫(Fasciola gigantica)和肝片吸虫的18S rRNA的序列进行比对其相似度分别为99.12%和92.03%。可以进一步确定所收集的蚴虫为肝片吸虫的蚴虫。     

两种片形吸虫感染山羊的对比试验

片形吸虫病是在全球范围广泛流行，并对人有一定危害的寄生虫病。在大部分地区该病病原为肝片形吸虫（Fasciola hepatica），非洲、亚洲的热带地区是大片形吸虫（F．gigantica）。据本地的资料和以往的研究显示，广西主要是大片形吸虫。由于国内外对肝片形吸虫的研究较多，对大片形吸虫的研究较少，使得国内一些研究未能注意到这两个种的虫在对动物的致病性及其所引起的免疫反应等方面的差别。     

羊肝片吸虫病的诊治

羊肝片吸虫病是由片形吸虫寄生于肝脏、胆管内所引起的急性或慢性肝炎、胆管炎，同时伴发全身中毒现象和营养障碍等病症的一种寄生虫病，俗称肝蛭病，多呈地方流行，该病危害相当严重，尤其对羔羊，可引起大批死亡，并对人有一定危害。片形吸虫分为肝片吸虫和大片吸虫，在大部分地区该病病原为肝片吸虫，非洲、亚洲的热带地区为大片吸虫。     

山区半山区羊肝片吸虫病感染情况调查与分析

肝片(形)吸虫病又叫肝蛭病,是由肝片吸虫和大片吸虫寄生在羊的肝脏胆管中引起的疾病.肝片吸虫病是牛、羊、骆驼的主要寄生虫病之一,它的病原体属片形科片形属的肝片形吸虫和大片形吸虫.     

片形吸虫DNA随机扩增多态性分析

为区别从南京市江宁县采集的片形吸虫非典型形态虫体，应用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术，对6株片形吸虫总DNA进行了扩增。结果，10条引物中有8条能产生扩增图谱，电泳图谱经聚类分析，与传统的分类结果一致，并表明来自江宁的片形吸虫既有形态典型的肝片形吸虫，也有形态不典型的大片形吸虫。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。