农杆菌介导法转化大豆体细胞胚获得转基因植株

以六个品种大豆体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用根癌农杆菌介导法对大豆进行了遗传转化,经卡那霉素选择、诱导体细胞胚萌发及壮苗培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中。     

根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉高效遗传转化系统的建立

为建立根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉高效遗传转化系统,本研究以雄性花诱导产生的贡蕉胚性悬浮系为转化受体,从潮霉素筛选浓度和筛选方法两方面进行了优化。研究结果表明,贡蕉悬浮系在M2液体培养下潮霉素的适合筛选浓度为5mg/L。将液体共培养7d后的贡蕉胚性悬浮系转接到M2液体筛选培养基进行培养,每10d继代一次。GUS组织染色表明,经过3代抗性筛选的ECS几乎全为转化细胞。经过3个月的胚诱导培养获得成熟抗性体细胞胚,平均抗性体细胞胚得率为4580个/mLPCV。同时,转化苗的PCR检测结果表明,gus基因已整合到贡蕉基因组中。本研究表明液体筛选系统有利于转化胚性悬浮细胞的增殖,大大地提高了香蕉转基因的转化效率。     

基因枪介导抗除草剂基因2mG2-epsps转化玉米的初步研究

本研究以优良玉米自交系X2211和78599的幼胚胚性愈伤组织为受体材料,采用基因枪介导法将抗除草剂基因2mG2-epsps导入玉米胚性愈伤组织,经草甘膦(glyphosate)筛选,产生抗性愈伤组织并获得320株再生植株,通过喷施除草剂筛选,有65株表现良好的耐除草剂特性。PCR分析表明,其中的7株表现PCR阳性,初步证明2mG2-epsps基因整合到玉米基因组中,平均转化率为2.2%。同时研究了金粉用量和轰击距离对玉米基因枪转化效率的影响。转化时以金粉用量100μg/枪,发射点与靶细胞距离60mm最佳。     

基因枪介导法向小麦导入黄花叶病毒复制酶基因的研究

筛选出适宜小麦转化的优良基因型扬麦158和扬麦10号.以扬麦158幼胚愈伤组织为受体,利用基因枪介导法将含有小麦黄花叶病毒复制酶基因(WYMV-Nib8)的pubiNib8质粒转入了小麦.T0代经PCR扩增分析,获得了14株含WYMV-Nib8基因的转化植株,转化率为0.43%.T1、T2代跟踪分子检测和T2代田间病毒抗性鉴定结果表明,获得了4个抗WYMV的转基因     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生系统组织学研究

大豆体细胞可以诱导发生在形态和结构上类似胚结构的胚状体。利用大豆体细胞胚发生系统进行大豆遗传转化,具有转化频率高、同步性好、转基因植株嵌合体少等诸多优点。对经根癌农杆菌侵染后,在含卡那霉素筛选培养基上生长的大豆未成熟子叶胚性细胞的发生、分化及发育进行了组织学研究。结果表明,体细胞胚以非芽体方式发生。胚性细胞可以从外植体表层或表层下1-2层细胞开始发生。随着胚性细胞的分裂,周围细胞开始退化解体,并形成具有类似胚柄结构的胚状体。之后,呈球形的胚状体突出于表皮之外,并依次发育成心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶形胚。以期为利用大豆未成熟子叶诱导体细胞胚发生系统高效转化体系的建立提供理论依据。     

抗草甘膦基因aroA转化陆地棉胚性愈伤组织的研究

为了建立以草甘膦为选择标记的农杆菌介导的棉花胚性愈伤组织转化体系,本研究将草甘膦抗性基因(aroA)转化陆地棉WC和YZ-1的胚性愈伤组织,分别以5 mg·L-1和10 mg·L-1的草甘膦浓度作为选择压,经过2~3轮筛选,获得了抗性胚性愈伤组织,诱导出胚状体并发育成苗。对T0再生植株进行PCR及草甘膦抗性检测,以WC和YZ-1为受体的转抗草甘膦基因(aroA)分别获得了33株和10株阳性植株,转化效率分别为82.5%和62.5%。该体系为棉花遗传转化提供了实验方法,获得的抗草甘膦棉花为棉花育种提供种质资源;同时抗除草剂基因还可以作为筛选标记与其它基因串联在一起转化棉花,进行基因功能验证。     

双丙氨磷在橡胶树遗传转化中的应用

本研究以GV3101::pMP90RK为工程菌株,bar基因作为筛选标记基因,研究了双丙氨磷在橡胶树根癌农杆菌介导法转基因体系中对转基因愈伤组织的筛选效果,并利用该体系将橡胶树转录因子HbWRKY5转入橡胶树无性系热研8-79中。实验结果表明,3mg/L双丙氨磷可作为橡胶树转基因体系中抗性愈伤组织筛选的最佳浓度。本研究中共获得了3个抗性愈伤组织系,抗性愈伤经过体细胞胚发生共获得234个体细胞胚,经植株再生培养后共获得22株再生植株。对再生植株进行的PCR鉴定结果表明,所获得的再生植株均为转基因植株。因此,bar基因结合双丙氨磷的筛选体系可以作为橡胶树转化体系中的有效筛选体系。     

转Cry1A基因海岛棉的获得和鉴定

进行农杆菌介导转抗虫基因试验，以期选育抗虫性优良的海岛棉新品系(品种)；本实验在海岛棉体细胞胚再生体系的基础上，将携带Cry1A基因的表达载体pBI121通过农杆菌介导法转化到‘新海33号’的胚性愈伤组织中。经培养基筛选、PCR检测、RT-PCR检测、抗虫性鉴定等筛选抗虫后代。经培养基筛选共获得12棵抗性植株。PCR检测结果显示，这12棵抗性植株均能扩增出了大小相符的片段，检测结果呈阳性；RT-PCR结果显示，12棵转基因植株目的基因已经整合入基因组，且能反转录出mRNA；Bt-Cry1Ab/Ac转基因试纸条检测结果表明这12棵转基因植株含有目的蛋白；抗虫性鉴定结果证实了这些转基因植株对棉铃虫幼虫具有一定的抗性。本研究成功将抗虫基因导入至海岛棉的体内，获得了具有抗虫性的植株，其结果对转基因抗虫海岛棉新品种的培育具有一定的参考价值。     

农杆菌介导的GbWOX9基因对海岛棉胚性细胞的遗传转化

为探究WOX9基因在棉花体细胞胚胎发育过程中的功能,借助农杆菌介导化学试剂诱导型植物表达载体p TA7002/GbWOX9和pTA7002/GbWOX9 anti对海岛棉‘新海16’胚性细胞进行遗传转化,以此利用化学诱导剂在胚性细胞中诱导GbWOX9的过量或抑制表达。研究结果表明在菌液OD600≈0.5~0.6时进行15 min的农杆菌侵染并共培养24 h之后,将侵染的细胞在500 mg/L头孢和20 mg/L潮霉素的抗性培养基上筛选继代两次,最终获得若干抗性阳性胚性细胞。进一步将抗性阳性细胞在化学诱导剂30μmol/L地塞米松处理5 h后,通过qRT-PCR技术对其进行GbWOX9的基因表达鉴定,结果表明与对照组相比,正、反义转基因抗性阳性细胞中的GbWOX9基因表达量皆有显著差异。该研究初步建立了以潮霉素为筛选标记的海岛棉遗传转化体系,并在此基础上将GbWOX9正义和反义链成功导入‘新海16’胚性细胞中,为其功能的鉴定提供了参考。     

转几丁质酶和核糖体失活蛋白双价基因大豆的获得与抗病性鉴定

以东北地区4个主栽大豆品种为试材,通过农杆菌介导法,将2个抗真菌病基因,即几丁质酶基因和核糖体失活蛋白基因构建在同一植物表达载体上,对受体材料进行遗传转化,获得了经Southern检测同时整合双价基因的T₀代转基因大豆植株,转化频率为0.5%。将T₀代转基因大豆植株扩繁至T₂代,并进行了大豆疫霉根腐病和大豆灰斑病的抗性检测,4个株系的抗性均比对照有明显提高。分子生物学验证及RT-PCR检测表明2个外源基因在4个株系中均进行了转录表达。     

Transgenic fertile soybean plants derived from somatic embryos transformed via the combined DNA-free particle bombardment and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis> system

An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure for soybean [Glycine max L. Merrill] proliferating somatic embryos is here described. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain harboring pTOK233, pCAMBIA1390-olp or pH7WG2Dwrky plasmids was used to mediate gene transfer into the plant genome. Prior to Agrobacterium inoculation, proliferative soybean embryogenic clusters were microwounded by DNA-free tungsten particle bombardment. Three independent transformation experiments were performed. In Experiment I, 26 transgenic plants were obtained from a unique clone of cv Bragg, while 580 plants were recovered from 105 clones of cv IAS5. In Experiment II, a single hygromycin-resistant clone of cv BRSMG68 Vencedora was recovered and gave rise to five plants. In Experiment III, 19 plants of cv Bragg and 48 plants of IAS5 were recovered, representing five and 14 independent transformation events, respectively. PCR and Southern analyses confirmed the transgenes’ integration into plant genomes. Transgenic plants were fertile. They flowered, set pods and seeds. Transgene segregation in two T₁ progenies fits the Mendelian pattern (3:1 transgenic:non-transgenic plants). This is the first report of transgenic fertile soybean plants obtained from somatic embryogenic tissues transformed by the system that combines DNA-free particle bombardment and Agrobacterium.     

Regeneration and transformation of cassava

A prerequisite for the development of a successful transformation system is the availability of efficient regeneration systems. Up to 1995 the only available regeneration system in cassava was an organized type of somatic embryogenesis. Transformation of these organized somatic embryogenic cultures with particle bombardment or Agrobacterium tumefaciens resulted in chimeric transformed embryos. However, the transformed sector was lost after repeated cycles of secondary somatic embryogenesis. After 1995 a less organized system of somatic embryogenesis was developed, so called friable embryogenic callus (FEC) and a system of adventitious shoot regeneration. The FEC regeneration system was combined successfully with particle bombardment. Selection of transgenic plants was based on either luciferase activity, or resistance to the aminoglycoside paromomycin or the herbicide phosphinothricin. Furthermore, protoplasts of FEC are able to regenerate into plants and can be transformed by electroporation. The adventitious shoot regeneration system was combined successfully with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For this mature somatic embryos were cocultivated with Agrobacterium and cultured for adventitious shoot development. After selection based on the aminoglycoside geneticin or on hygromycin transgenic plants were formed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Parameters influencing the regeneration capacity of calluses derived from mature indica and japonica rice seeds after microprojectile bombardment

The microprojectile bombardment procedure has allowed the stable transformation of indica and japonica rice varieties, although at different frequencies of transformation depending mainly on their regeneration capacity and on the specific parameters of the transformation protocol. A study of the process of regeneration to whole plants from primary calli derived from mature indica and japonica rice seeds, via embryogenesis, has shown that somatic embryos are produced by division and differentiation of the external cell layers of callus tissues. Adjusting the bombardment conditions to optimize gene delivery to those regenerable cells, we have evaluated the influence of parameters such as the target distance, particle penetration and the effect of osmotic treatment on the regeneration capacity of bombarded cells. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Bt基因转化玉米培育抗玉米螟自交系

采用基因枪法将苏云金杆菌(简称Bt)的杀虫毒蛋白基因(CryIA)导入东北春玉米自交系铁7922的幼胚中,诱导愈伤组织.抗虫基因的表达载体是pBI121,包含Bt杀虫毒蛋白基因和新霉素磷酸转移酶(NPTⅡ)基因,筛选标记bar由CaMV 35S启动子驱动.通过对后代植株的除草剂草丁膦(PPT)筛选、分子鉴定和ELISA法检测,证明外源基因已经整合到玉米基因组中并可以稳定遗传.对转基因株系进行田间接玉米螟虫卵,调查不同生长时期的危害指数,最终筛选出一批抗玉米螟自交系.     

Cry1Ab/1Ac基因在转基因玉米中的表达研究

本研究通过人工合成获得了密码子的优化Bt杀虫蛋白基因Cry1Ab/1Ac,并以草甘膦抗性基因epsps为标记基因,构建了高效表达载体pBAC174,并用基因枪法将表达载体pBAC174导入受体材料幼胚愈伤组织。对轰击后的愈伤组织进行筛选、分化和植株再生,获得40个草甘膦抗性的玉米再生植株。经PCR和Southern杂交检测表明,外源Cry1Ab/1Ac基因已经整合到玉米的基因组中。转基因植株叶片蛋白粗提物用BT-Cry1Ab/1Ac金标免疫检测试纸条检测,结果表明Bt基因在部分转基因植株后代获得了表达。本研究为进一步利用Cry1Ab/1Ac基因进行玉米抗虫育种奠定了基础。     

用核基质结合区(SAR)序列提高小麦最小表达框转基因表达的稳定性

采用最小表达框技术转化植物可以规避由骨架序列引起的安全风险。核基质结合区序列SAR (scaffold attachment region)可作为边界元件与核基质结合阻挡转基因片段邻近染色质区的作用与影响, 提高外源基因稳定性。本研究在最小表达框序列两端添加SAR序列, 提高小麦最小表达框转基因表达的稳定性, 提高转化基因的表达效率。首先, 以GUS为目的基因构建带有SAR序列的最小表达框, 以科农199为受体进行基因枪转化, 同时以不加SAR序列的最小表达框片段为对照。带有SAR序列的最小表达框片段共轰击857个幼胚, T₀代获得40株再生植株, PCR检测到16株阳性植株, 转化效率为1.87%; 对这16个阳性单株进行GUS染色, 15株显色; 从来自4个T₀阳性植株的18个T₁代植株中随机选取18株进行PCR和GUS染色检测, 有15株表现为阳性。不带SAR序列的对照片段轰击1012个幼胚, 获得31株再生植株, 其中5株PCR阳性, 转化效率0.49%, 这5个阳性植株中仅2株为GUS染色阳性; 来自于5个T₀代PCR阳性株系的10个T₁代单株中没有发现PCR和GUS染色阳性株。表明SAR序列可以提高基因枪转基因效率和目的基因表达稳定性。为了创制抗旱转基因小麦, 以来自大豆的抗旱相关转录因子基因GmDREB3为目的基因, Bar基因为筛选标记基因, 转化受体小麦济麦22, 共轰击6045个幼胚, 获得再生植株130株, PCR检测阳性植株30株, 转化效率为0.50%; 随机选取6株PCR阳性植株进行RT-PCR分析, 其中5株可检测到外源基因的转录。进一步对这5株RT-PCR阳性植株插入片段完整性进行分析, 其中4株插入片段基本完整。通过real-time PCR分析, 发现T₀代6个RT-PCR阳性植株的外源GmDREB3的拷贝数为1~3个。以上结果证明, 在最小表达框两端加上SAR序列后可以提高小麦最小表达框转基因表达的稳定性。     

Genetic transformation of Eustoma grandiflorum Griseb. by microprojectile bombardment

Summary Foreign DNA was introduced into cell suspension cultures and leaf tissue of Eustoma grandiflorum Griseb. (lisianthus) by microprojectile bombardment. For this purpose a low-cost bombardment device that uses a helium flux to accelerate microprojectiles was built. When cell suspensions were used, an average of 4.1 Kan resistant calli were recovered per shot after 4 months' cultivation on selective medium. Most of the Kan resistant plants regenerated from calli were positive to GUS assay. Both the nptII and gus genes were successfully amplified from alkali-treated leaves of putative transgenic plants by PCR analysis. Transgenic plants were not recovered from bombarded leaves. Considering the host range specificity of Agrobacterium, and the response of the species to plant regeneration from suspension culture, microprojectile bombardment is, at present, the most efficient procedure for genetic transformation of lisianthus.Abbreviations BA 6-benzyladenine - Cx cefotaxime - 2,4 D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid - FDA fluorescein diacetate - gus -glucuronidase - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - 2iP (2-isopentenyl) adenine - Kan kanamycin - nptII neomycin phosphotransferase II - PCR polymerase chain reaction     

Production of interspecific hybrids between Glycine max and G. tomentella through embryo culture

Summary Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an incompatible cross between Glycine max and G. tomentella through the in vitro culture of hybrid embryos. The percentage of successful pod setting in the crosses averaged 12.8% but there were marked differences depending on the soybean cultivar used as the female parent. Hybrid embryos at globular to heart stages were extracted from the embryo sac 15–25 days after pollination and cultured in vitro. Hybrid plants were successfully obtained by culturing the embryos on B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA followed by culture on B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TBA plus 0.25 mg/l 2-iP. The F1 plants resembled the wild male parent in growth form, but had an intermediate leaf shape between that of the parents.