临床兽医诊疗中常见的误区及对策

近年来,随着中国饲养的持续发展,对临床兽医诊断和治疗的需求正在增加.目前,中国临床兽医的诊断和治疗发展趋势呈上涨趋势,但不可避免地对限制和影响水的诊断和治疗发展的临床水的诊断和治疗存在各种误解.我们不能傻坐在这些误解上无视.本论文探讨临床水诊断和治疗中存在的问题及对策.     

宠物传染病的诊断与治疗

出现疑似的宠物传染病,诊断及时和正确,是防控传染病工作的重要环节。而做出诊断后,选择正确的治疗方法,可减少宠物的病痛及降低经济损失。因此,本文将从宠物传染病的临诊检查、流行病学诊断、病理学检查、微生物学检测、免疫学检查、分子生物学检测等角度阐述宠物传染病的诊断方法,从宠物传染病的治疗意义、治疗原则、治疗方法三个方面阐述宠物传染病,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考。     

剖析猪病的十个防控难点

1疾病表现复杂,诊断困难目前,多病原混合感染已成为猪病发生的主要形式,使得临诊表现和病理变化不及单纯感染那么典型,同时,非典型化病例的出现,使得猪病诊断更加困难。临床实践中,猪病诊断方法有流行病学诊断、临诊诊断、病理学诊断、微生物学诊断、血清学诊断及分子生物学诊断。但是,基层兽医常用的方法仍是流行病学诊断、临床诊断或病理学诊断,有些甚至不会病理剖检,因此,诊断只凭经验,结果可想而知。疾病诊断是治疗的前提,若诊断差之毫厘或错误,治疗则谬以千里。因此,当前猪病治疗难的主要原因之一就是诊断困难。     

在治疗动物疾病时，你诊断了吗？

在动物疾病诊疗过程中,正确的诊断,合理的治疗,是众所周知的。然而,在现实的动物疾病治疗中,部分兽医技术人员,并没有正确诊断,或者说根本不进行诊断。既然没有正确的诊断,何谈合理的治疗呢？那么,作为一名兽医技术人员,为什么不正确诊断,就盲目用药治疗呢？其原因有以下几点：     

犬细小病毒病的临床诊断与治疗

笔者系统查阅了国内近几年来犬细小病毒病的临床诊断、实验室诊断及治疗、防治措施，旨在为梨树县犬病临床诊断和治疗方面提供理论参考依据和临床有价值的治疗方法，为梨树县犬病防治工作奠定一定的基础。     

1例猕猴尿潴留的诊断与治疗方法初探

本文详细阐述了1只雄性猕猴的尿潴留诊断及治疗方案.在诊断过程中,采取了兽医临床诊断结合实验室检验的综合诊断措施；在治疗过程中,采取了膀胱穿刺排尿和抗生素全身抗菌治疗的综合治疗方案,从而使病猴得以快速治愈；对康复猴的行为、采食情况进行观察,并对其血液生化指标进行检测,以确认病猴完全康复.本文所提出的方案为实验猴尿潴留的诊断和治疗提供了成功的范例,值得在国内其他实验猴生产及科研单位推广应用.     

三例犬乳腺瘤的诊断与治疗

对2017年9月至2018年3月新疆农业大学动物中心医院收治的3例乳腺肿瘤病例的诊断、治疗过程进行了介绍,总结了乳腺肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法,以期对犬乳腺肿瘤的诊断、治疗以及预防提供参考和借鉴。     

犬急性胰腺炎的诊断与治疗

犬急性胰腺炎是宠物临床重要疾病之一,是与多种炎性细胞相关的胰腺急性炎症反应,不易诊断和治疗。随着诊断技术水平的提高,胰腺炎的诊断率逐渐上升。准确、及时的诊断和治疗对提高此病的治愈率具有重要意义。为深入研究犬急性胰腺炎,作者对其病因、发病机制、诊断及治疗进行了综述,以期为胰腺炎的临床治疗提供参考。     

黄牛子宫脱出的诊疗

本地一起黄牛子宫脱出的诊断及治疗分别从发病情况、临床症状、诊断及临床治疗等方面做出了详尽阐述,为该病的诊断和治疗提供了有益的参考。     

犬病临床诊疗失误的原因分析及避免措施

诊疗失误是犬病临床上常见的一种现象,即使发展水平很高的人医也不例外。可以说,临床上只要有诊断和治疗,就有可能发生诊疗失误。从诊断和治疗的关系上说,只有诊断正确,才能有正确的治疗。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

---

Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

---

Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.