牛耳静脉真空管采血方法浅析

正牛的静脉采血主要为耳静脉采血、颈静脉采血、尾静脉采血。由于牛颈部皮肤较厚,入针需使较大力气易导致牛躁动,不利于操作;牛尾和牛耳静脉采血刺激性小,力道容易掌握,有利于采血的顺利开展,故而被广大兽医运用。笔者在此主要介绍牛耳静脉真空管采血,供大家参考。1采血器材     

一种简单易学的牛采血方法

<正>临床上牛采血常通过颈静脉采血,有时也可经耳静脉采血。但在实际操作中,颈静脉采血要求操作者具备较高的技术才能达到一针见血的最理想状态,如果操作不顺利会导致进针部位血肿,使下一步的操作更加困难,使牛的应激反应增大,但其优点是采血量大。而对于牛耳静脉采血,虽然方法简单方便,易于操作,但针头不易固定,如果牛稍微动一下,针头就会离开血管,且采血量较少,血液流动的速度也较慢,血液会很快发生凝固,影响采血工作。笔者在教学实训     

家兔一种简单采血方法介绍

相比传统的耳缘静脉采血的采血量少、采集速度慢、容易凝血及心脏采血要求技术水平高且易造成家兔死亡的实际情况,笔者应用前肢正中静脉采血和后肢小隐静脉采血,具有操作方法简单、采血量大且对家兔损害较小等优点,值得推广应用。     

猪前腔静脉采血技术

采血技术是动物疫病监测采样工作基础,也是动物疫控部门的一项常规工作.在所有动物的采血技术中笔者认为以猪采血技术最为困难,猪的采血部位有前腔静脉、股静脉、桡头静脉、隐静脉、耳静脉.目前,大多数采样人员都使用耳静脉采血,该方法存在很多缺点,费时、易失败、血样不卫生等,猪前腔静脉采血是一种适用的采血方法,但是,能熟练运用这种方法的兽医并不是很多.很多基层兽医误以为前腔静脉采血技术很复杂,其实,只要是掌握操作要领,掌握这种采血技术还是很容易的.前腔静脉采血有采血量多、速度快、干净、卫生等优点,现将这种方法介绍如下:     

犬静脉输液和采血的最佳部位及方法

动物诊所在治疗犬病和采血监测狂犬病过程中,对犬静脉输液和采血的方法多种多样,有的采用股内静脉输液和采血,有的采用后肢外侧跗关节上方隐静脉输液和采血等.笔者通过对犬病临床治疗和多次采血监测狂犬病的经验,摸索出一套方便、快捷、理想、安全的犬静脉输液和采血方法,供同行参考.     

猪前腔静脉采血技术

采血技术是动物疫病监测采样工作基础，也是动物疫控部门的一项常规工作。在所有动物的采血技术中笔者认为以猪采血技术最为困难，猪的采血部位有前腔静脉、股静脉、桡头静脉、隐静脉、耳静脉。目前，大多数采样人员都使用耳静脉采血，该方法存在很多缺点，费时、易失败、血样不卫生等，猪前腔静脉采血是一种适用的采血方法，但是，能熟练运用这种方法的兽医并不是很多。     

家禽头皮针翅内静脉采血技术

<正>兽医技术人员在家禽疫病防治、监测、诊断和免疫效果评估等时都要采集血液样本,目前使用的方法有鸡冠采血法、颈静脉采血法、心脏采血法和胸外静脉采血法等。鸡冠采血法多用于需血量较少的采血。颈静脉采血法保定较难,皮色较深不易找到血管。心脏采血对畜禽后期生长影响较大且有一定的死亡率。胸外静脉采血法由于皮下肌肉疏松,不易刺中血管,而且血流量少。笔者经过实践摸索、总结探讨出了一套翅内静脉采血     

猪采血技术与体会

动物疫病预防机构在进行动物疫苗免疫水平监测、疾病诊断时需要采集动物合格的血样,采血工作常由村防疫员、乡镇兽医完成,很多基层兽医在生猪采血时存在一定困难。生猪的采血技术包括耳静脉采血、前腔静脉采血、颈静脉采血、四肢静脉采血等,其中前腔静脉采血技术使用最为广泛,适用于不同类型的猪只采血。兽医人员可以根据不同情况选择合适的采血方法。     

绍鸭翅静脉血管瘘的制作

鸭翅静脉血管瘘主要用于连续多次静脉采血和多次静脉内用药等,可以避免因连续多次静脉采血或用药给鸭所带来的应激刺激,翅静脉损伤及皮下淤血,并可以使静脉采血或用药方法简化,便于大批实验动物的操作。是一种为生理生化、临床病理、诊断等多门学科提供研究手段的实验外科手术。绍鸭翅静脉血管瘘制作方法在文献上未见报     

马牛羊骆驼颈静脉采血技术要点

在动物疫病的流行病学调查、监测、检测、诊断以及春防、秋防的免疫效果评价等工作中,经常会应用静脉采血技术。马、牛、羊、骆驼的静脉采血常采用颈静脉采血。文章就这些动物颈静脉采血所涉及到的颈静脉沟、颈静脉、动物保定、采血、血液的处理等方面,在部位、方法、注意事项等方面进行了较为详尽的描述和介绍,以期为广大兽医技术人员在开展采血工作时提供帮助。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.