人工针阔混交林培育对生态条件的改变效果

通过对人工针阔混交林的培育试验,结果表明:培育人工针阔混交林改变了生态环境,调整了林种结构,涵养了水源,提高了林地的营养含量,调节了气候,保护了物种多样性,充分展现了混交林功能效益和潜在的性能。     

人工针阔混交林功能和作用机理研究

通过对辽东、辽西人工针阔混交林中凋落物分解动态、防火防病虫机理、森林益鸟的流动频率试验及调查研究，结果表明，日本落叶松与色赤杨混交林枯落物年失重率大于日本落叶松纯林。枯落物（叶、技）年失重率，第１年纯林分别为混交林的７８．３％、７５．０％；第２年为８７．５％、８２．１％。各林型枯落物年失重率为慢－快－慢的节律，枯落物害羞元素的释放率是阔叶树种高于针叶树种。针阔混交林能提高分的防火、抗病虫能力，招引     

不同混交比例的人工针阔带状混交林生物量变化动态

通过对20世纪80年代营造的针阔混交林生物量调查表明,红松阔叶混交林生物量比红松纯林高4.9%~21%,落叶松阔叶混交林生物量比落叶松纯林高7.6%~21.3%,红松阔叶混交林单株生物量比红松纯林高120%~148%,落叶松阔叶混交林单株生物量比落叶松纯林高108%~151%,在不同混交林型中,灌木层和草本层植物种类丰富、数量多,所以其生物量大于纯林。     

人工针阔混交林培育模式初探

通过人工培育针阔混交林,按不同混交树种、不同混交方式进行混交,最后筛选出最佳人工针阔混交林的混交模式。通过人工针阔混交林的培育,为辽宁提供各种类型的混交模式,从而为辽宁混交林的发展提供科学依据。     

人工针阔混交林生物多样性功能分析

通过对红松、刺楸人工针阔混交林和红松人工纯林生物多样性功能的试验分析,结果表明:针阔混交林能增加蚯蚓的数量,林龄25年时,混交林的蚯蚓数量比人工纯林高48.4%;人工针阔混交林招引各种鸟类达33种,每天食虫量达1 500条,抑制了森林虫害的发生;人工针阔混交林日平均气温0.5m和1.8m处分别比红松纯林低2.4~1.0℃,相对湿度0.5m处比红松纯林提高24%,绝对湿度提高2.3%,1.8m处混交林相对湿度比纯林提高11%,绝对湿度比纯林提高5.2%;混交林比纯林能降低风速0.7~1.2m·s-1。针阔混交林的各项功能指标都优于纯林。     

人工针阔混交林的综合效益

人工针阔混交林的培育，不但能提高森林的覆被率，保护森林的生态系统，调节森林的林种结构，而且能提高森林的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益。本文通过对人工针阔混交林的调查分析，评价了混交林的综合效益，为今后大面积培育混交林提供了科学依据。     

马尾松人工纯林改造成针阔混交林林下植物多样性效果评价

以河南省信阳市国有南湾林场为研究区,对马尾松人工纯林改造成异龄针阔混交林林下植物多样性进行效果评价.结果表明:经过目标树作业并补植阔叶树的改造后,马尾松人工林的林下植物获得较多的资源,促进了植物更新与生长,林下植物多样性升高.为河南地区人工纯林的改造及经营提供参考.     

人工针阔混交林的综合评价

通过对红松、落叶松分别与紫椴混交的林型进行综合评价研究,结果表明：宽带状混交的林分生长表现优于窄带状混交的林分,混交林生物量大于纯林,针阔混交林综合效益明显;混交林物种丰富度的种类、数量都远远高于纯林;混交林中物种多样性复杂,土壤营养含量丰富,能加快枯落叶的分解速度,提高土壤肥力,改善土壤结构,加速营养元素的释放量。     

不同人工针阔混交林林下物种多样性研究

该文对辽东山区人工营造20a生水曲柳、刺楸、紫椴、色赤杨、白桦5种阔叶树分别与红松形成的混交林及人工红松纯林进行了物种多样性分析。结果表明:人工阔叶红松混交林内,植物种类丰富,数量较多,红松纯林内的植物种类仅为人工阔叶红松林的42%～52%,植物总数量只有混交林的11%～37%;不同红松阔叶混交林乔木层物种多样性好于红松纯林,乔木层物种多样性指数排序为:红松×水曲柳﹥红松×刺楸﹥红松×紫椴﹥红松×色赤杨﹥红松×白桦﹥红松纯林。在灌木层中,各不同混交林物种多样性差异并不明显,且分布均匀。红松纯林灌木层物种种类、数量较少,但有明显的优势树种存在。在草本层中,各不同混交林植物种类分布相对均匀,各林型中丰富度指数,除红松纯林外,都在1.0以上。红松纯林草本层植物种类分布均匀,没有优势种存在。     

白桦—红松人工针阔混交林培育技术

通过调查白桦—红松人工针阔混交林,总结出白桦—红松人工针阔混交林造林整地、幼林抚育、抚育间伐等一系列关键技术。     

我国人工造林中存在的生态问题及对策

以马克思主义的自然辩证法为指导,运用生态学和生态经济学原理,对我国人工造林中存在的生态问题进行了初步分析;对近年来许多林学专家提出的生态林业及拟生造林的概念和各自的特性进行了总结和概括;认为应该按照分类经营的思想,大力发展生态林业,彻底改革传统的造林方法,大力发展拟生造林。从而建立起较完善的森林生态系统,使林业真正成 我国生态环境建设的主体,成为实现经济和环境协调发展的桥梁和纽带。     

人工生态公益林不同类型林分的持水功能比较

分别从林冠层、林下植被层、凋落物层及土壤层对杉木人工生态公益林林冠下营造的细柄阿丁枫、木荷、建柏和杉木纯林的持水功能进行了研究。研究结果表明,林分组成结构的不同导致了其持水功能的差异。不同林分的持水量大小排序为:细柄阿丁枫×杉木混交林>木荷×杉木混交林>建柏×杉木混交林>杉木纯林。林分不同层次的持水量大小排序为:土壤层>林冠层>林下植被和凋落物层。     

福建地区人工林生态采运问题与对策

本文以福建地区人工林为探讨对象,分析研究了该地人工林生态采运存在的问题和对策,以期探寻对当前林业发展的有益启示。     

华南地区4种典型人工林土壤CO_2和CH_4通量研究

采用静态箱/气相色谱分析技术对中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合开放试验站尾叶桉纯林(Eucalyptus urophylla,EUp)、厚荚相思纯林(Acacia crassicarpa,ACp)、10个树种混交林(Tp)和30个树种混交林(THp)4种林型的土壤CO2和CH4排放通量进行了原位测定,研究纯林和混交林对土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:4种林型土壤都是CO2的源,但对CH4而言,可能是源,也可能是汇。CO2和CH4排放通量季节波动幅度较大;4种林型土壤CO2和CH4通量在湿季均维持较高水平;峰值均出现在湿季,旱季则趋于降低,且相对稳定。由于EUp和ACp纯林土壤微生物碳(Microbial Biomass Carbon,MBC)比混交林高,导致Eup(130.67 mg.m-2.h-1)和Acp(134.65 mg.m-2.h-1)土壤CO2通量显著高于Tp(111.39 mg.m-2.h-1)和THp(108.53 mg.m-2.h-1)。在4种林型中,尾叶桉和厚荚相思对土壤NO3-N和NH4-N快速吸收,土壤CH4排放通量较低。土壤温度、湿度、MBC、NO3-N和NH4-N都是影响土壤CO2和CH4...     

木荷人工林经营效果分析

对木荷人工林经营效果的研究结果表明:木荷适应性强,对立地条件要求不严,但应优先选择Ⅰ、Ⅱ级立地的中下坡造林较好。木荷适宜营造混交林,纯林生长缓慢,难以培育大径级用材林。人工林经营应严格控制经营密度,适时间伐,20年生后木荷经营密度不宜大于975株.hm-2。在一定的密度范围内,木荷的胸径、树高、材积生长随混交比例的增大而下降,树种组成以4荷6杉较为合理。在同一立地营造的荷杉混交林的蓄积量和土壤肥力均大于木荷纯林。     

国外松混交林的生长及对土壤肥力的影响

对国外松生态混交林的林分生长及其对土壤肥力的影响进行研究。结果表明，针阔混交林不仅可提高林分生产力，而且对土壤质地、通气性、土壤肥力都比纯林有明显的改善；通过逐步间伐国外松，把达到数量成熟年龄的国外松针阔混交林更替为生产大径材的阔叶林，是国外松生态栽培的一种有效途径；在国外松人工林早期间伐后的林分中引进速生阔叶树种和在灌木林下开天窗营造国外松的试验林，综合效益高。     

Identifying factors affecting plantation performance in boreal forests of Ontario

Plantation data from northern Ontario were subjected to stepwise regression analysis to express survival and total height as functions of site factors, planting stock characteristics and age for each of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.).Total height and height increment were affected more significantly, but by fewer factors, than survival. Black spruce survival was the most heterogeneous variable, as six factors accounted for 55.6% of its variability. Between one and five qualitative site factors (represented by dummy variables) accounted for less than 23% and 30%, respectively, of the variability in survival rate and total height. Stock type, planting season, weed control and chemical site preparation showed low but significant correlations with the response variables. Quality index was significant in every case, while shoot:root ratio, root collar diameter and dry weight were significant in some cases. The single most significant variable was plantation age, accounting for up to 30% and 63%, respectively, of the variability in survival rate and total height.     

马尾松与红椎纯林及混交林生态系统碳储量研究

为了解树种与造林模式对人工林生态系统碳储量的影响,在南亚热带相同立地上,采用样地调查方法,对33年生马尾松纯林(PCL)、红椎纯林(CCL)、马尾松×红椎同龄混交林(PCM)生态系统碳储量进行了研究。结果表明:PCM、PCL、CCL人工林生态系统碳储量分别为:235.38、196.40、144.59t/hm^2,处理间差异显著(P<0.05),混交林生态系统碳储量显著高于纯林,马尾松纯林显著高于红椎纯林。PCM、PCL、CCL人工林生态系统碳储量在不同层次的分配比例,乔木层分别为:53.70%、54.05%、33.02%;地被物层为:1.47%、2.06%、1.37%;土壤层为:44.83%、43.89%、65.61%。生态系统碳储量在不同层次分配比例排序,PCM、PCL都为乔木层>土壤层>地被物层;CCL为土壤层>乔木层>地被物层,乔木层和土壤层碳储量占生态系统碳储量的97.94%~98.63%,地被物层仅占1.37%~2.06%。     

Differences in bird species diversities between a natural mixed forest and a coniferous plantation

Bird species diversity and bird species richness were surveyed in a natural mixed forest (mature forest) and in a coniferous plantation (30–40 years old) monthly from 1990 to 1994. These forests were 20 km apart and had similar weather conditions and soil types. There were larch and cedar plantations, and hardwoods along streams in the coniferous plantation. In the natural mixed forest, 55 bird species were found, whereas 40 species were recorded in the coniferous plantation. The species diversity of bird communities was significantly higher in the natural mixed forest than in the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood trees. This result indicates that the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood trees, presumed to be a more simplified environment, is likely to be less inhabitable for many bird species than the natural mixed forest, suggesting a relationship between the diversity of the forest environment and the diversity of the bird community. A higher number of bird species was recorded in the small coniferous forest mixed with hardwood trees compared with those in the coniferous plantation. The mixing of broad-leaved trees in a coniferous plantation was suggested to be effective in increasing number of bird species. These tendencies were recorded all through the year during our study. In snow-covering periods, both the diversity and the bird species richness fell in all study sites every year. Snow cover would have greater effect on bird species diversity in the coniferous plantation than in other forest types probably due to diet shortages caused by the snow cover over the forest floor.