普洱茶中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的提取工艺研究

本文研究了普洱茶中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的提取工艺。以水为溶剂，选取浸提时间、固液比和浸提温度三个因素做单因素实验，然后通过正交实验方法确定最佳提取工艺。结果表明，普洱茶中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的最佳提取工艺条件为浸提时间为1h，固液比1：20，温度为93．5℃。经反复实验，结果稳定，此工艺可为进一步研究普洱茶淀粉酶抑制剂及深入开发利用普洱茶提供一定的理论依据。     

普洱茶茶褐素对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

本研究以普洱茶茶褐素(分子量50 k Da,TB)为研究对象,通过灌胃茶褐素后分析大鼠体内微生物变化,揭示普洱茶茶褐素对肠道菌群的影响。结果显示,茶褐素能显著改善抗生素的脱污染作用,调整肠道菌群失调,且具有促进大鼠肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌增殖,抑制大肠杆菌、肠球菌生长的作用,并随时间延长,效果愈加明显;而微生物的大量繁殖可加速茶褐素的分解代谢。     

树仔菜中多酚物质的提取工艺及其清除DPPH的抗氧化作用的研究

为研究树仔菜中多酚物质的提取工艺条件并测定其提取物清除DPPH的抗氧化活性,通过单因素试验,分析不同浸提溶剂、料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度对树仔菜多酚提取量的影响,通过正交试验确定树仔菜多酚的最佳提取条件。结果表明：提取剂为蒸馏水,料液比1∶25,提取温度30℃,提取时间8 h。提取条件下,树仔菜平均多酚提取量达到17.45 mg/g;80%甲醇树仔菜提取物对DPPH自由基清除率达到93.66%,明显高于BHT。采用正交试验法优化了树仔菜多酚提取工艺条件,提升了树仔菜多酚提取量,同时树仔菜提取物具有较好的抗氧化作用。     

微波辅助提取绞股蓝皂甙的初步研究

以绞股蓝叶片为材料,采用单因素设计组合,进行了微波辅助提取绞股蓝皂甙的试验。结果表明,微波辅助提取绞股蓝皂甙的最佳条件为：料液比1／25、溶剂pH值为8、浸提温度70℃、浸提时间120min、微波辐射强度中等、微波辐射处理时间180s。     

液态发酵大豆抗氧化活性肽条件的优化

筛选和优化液态发酵法生产大豆抗氧化活性肽的条件.以总抗氧化活性的强弱为指标,通过对发酵温度、种龄、pH值、接种量、料液比、发酵时间等条件作单因素、析因试验确定主要影响因素,并采用最速上升试验和中心组合二次旋转回归响应面法优化pH值、接种量.优化获得液态发酵大豆抗氧化活性肽的最佳工艺参数为发酵温度37℃,种龄36 h、pH值为7.39,接种量为5.19%,料液比4%,发酵时间36 h.在此条件下发酵产物总抗氧化活性795.75 U·g-1(豆粕),试验值与预测值基本相符.     

超声波法提取普洱茶多糖的研究

为了进一步提高普洱茶中茶多糖的提取得率,试验以水为溶剂,采用超声波法从普洱茶中提取茶多糖。考察了超声温度、超声时间、固液比、提取次数对多糖得率的影响,并以正交试验设计优化工艺条件。结果表明,超声波法提取普洱茶多糖的最佳条件为提取温度70℃,超声波处理时间20min,固液比1：20,提取次数3次。     

土壤pH测定影响因素探讨及蓝莓种植园土壤pH值的测定

运用正交试验设计,对不同的液土比、浸提液种类、土壤颗粒、浸提时间的土壤pH值进行极差和方差分析,探讨和分析影响蓝莓种植园区土壤pH值测定的主要因素。结果表明：液土比例、浸提液种类对土壤pH测定的影响很大,其中液土比2.5：1的pH值高于液土比1：1,差异极显著;1 mol/L氯化钾浸提液测定的pH值小于去离子水,二者之间的差异达到极显著;土壤颗粒大小、浸提时间不影响土壤pH值的测定。根据上述正交试验结果并综合其他因素,蓝莓种植基地土壤pH测定应采用液土比例2.5：1,浸提液为1 mol/L氯化钾溶液,测定结果显示福建省亚热带植物研究所猕猴桃园区、三明郊区、宁德景山农场的土壤pH值分别为：4.65、4.64、4.94,符合蓝莓生长对土壤酸碱度的要求。     

普洱茶茶褐素的分级及相关性质初步研究

普洱茶水提物依次经氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取后剩余的水层色素-茶褐素上羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶（sephadex LH-20）柱,以丙酮-水溶液进行洗脱,按照色素条带分别收集得到级分并初步研究它们的理化与光谱性质。结果表明,以40%丙酮-水溶液为洗脱剂,流速为0.05BV/h时,茶褐素的分级效果最好,柱中呈现6条明显的条带,它们的色差参数值、还原力、pH值、常规成分含量、紫外-可见光谱扫描、红外光谱扫描及稳定性等存在差异。该研究进一步表征了普洱茶茶褐素组成与性质的复杂性,同时为深入研究茶褐素的生物活性与化学成分的本质奠定了基础。     

超声波辅助提取大豆总木脂素及其含量分析

以乙醇为浸提溶剂,超声波辅助提取不同品种大豆中的木脂素,并用紫外-可见分光光度法对其含量进行分析,同时对浸提溶剂、料液比、浸提时间及次数等因素进行比较。结果表明:以乙醇为浸提溶剂,料液比在1/8~1/12范围,浸提时间20 min,浸提2次效果比较理想;标准对照品在0~0.18 mg.mL-1浓度范围内吸光度与其总木脂素含量呈良好的线性关系,回归方程A=6.081c+0.0445,相关系数r=0.9998,总木脂素检出限8.3×10-5mg.mL-1,平均回收率为94.4%,RSD为1.2%。该方法简便、实用、可靠,可对大豆木脂素的深入研究提供参考。     

微波提取苦丁茶中黄酮类物质的研究

研究苦丁茶中黄酮类化合物的微波萃取技术，提高提取率。通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了微波萃取苦丁茶中黄酮类化合物的影响因素及其最佳提取条件。微波提取苦丁茶中黄酮类化合物的影响因素顺序为：溶剂浓度〉提取温度〉料液比〉提取时间；微波法的最佳提取条件是：溶剂为80％乙醇，料液比1：20，微波萃取5min，提取温度为80℃。     

桑葚的抗氧化和抗疲劳活性研究

目的探讨桑葚对小鼠抗氧化抗疲劳活性研究。方法 ICR雄性小鼠,随机分为桑葚水提物高、中、低剂量组和空白对照组,每天按体重灌胃给药三周后测定指标,采用游泳法观察药物的抗疲劳作用。结果高剂量组明显增加了小鼠体内SOD和CAT活力,降低MDA、BUN和Lactic Acid LD水平,低、中、高剂量组均使肝糖原水平显著升高且负重游泳时间明显加长。结论桑葚水提物具有较好的抗氧化和抗疲劳作用。     

茶黄素类抗氧化及抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

众多的研究表明，茶黄素类具有良好的抗氧化及抗肿瘤作用，是一类极具开发潜力的物质，本文就近年来国内外对茶黄类抗氧化及抗肿瘤方面的研究进展进行了概述。     

武夷岩茶茶多酚对油脂的抗氧化效果

在猪油中分别添加0．4％的V、VE和武夷岩茶TP，85℃下进行抗氧化试验14d，间日取样测定油脂POV和AV。结果：Vc、VE和TP对油脂氧化的抑制率分别达到31．7％、4．8％、92．5％（P〈0．05或0．01）；对照组和添加VE、Vc的油脂AV分别升高280％、274％、11％，而TP使油脂AV降低27％。结果说明TP对油脂有显著的抗氧化效果，其作用优于Vc和VE。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。