羊布氏杆菌病 衣原体病对比试验诊断

采集119份流产母羊和随机抽检81份母羊血清,作布氏试管凝集和衣原体间接血凝试验诊断。在流产母羊血清中,两试验的阳性率分别为59.66％(71/119),23.53％(28/119);在布病SAT的阳性羊内,混感衣原体病的阳性率为23.94％;在衣原体IHA的阳性羊内,混感布病的阳性率为60.71％。在随机抽检母羊血清中,两试验的阳性率分别为2.47％(2/81),18.52％(15/81);在布病SAT的阳性羊内,混感衣原体病的阳性率为50％;在衣原体IHA的阳性羊内,混感布病的阳性率为6.67％。试验证明,在流产严重羊群中,布病为第一致病因素;当布病接近控制时,衣原体又是第一致病因素。     

2014年大方县家畜布病监测结果及对策

笔者通过对家畜布病的监测分析,了解大方县布病的感染情况,有利于预防和控制布病的发生。从全县28个乡镇,10个养殖场,共采集猪血清433份、牛血清235份、羊血清869份,通过虎红平板试验初筛、对阳性再用试管凝集重筛。结果表明,检测猪血清阳性率为0%,牛血清阳性率为0.43%、羊血清阳性率为1.15%。     

放牧牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病、衣原体病所致流产调查及防控

血清学检测结果表明布鲁氏杆菌病和衣原体病是造成海晏县放牧牛羊流产的主要原因。流产率和阳性率在2011-2014年达到了最高水平。对布病阳性牛羊进行淘汰扑杀处理,藏羊血清阳性率降为零,但牦牛仍然徘徊在5%左右。目前海晏县藏羊流产主要由衣原体引起,牦牛为2种病原单独或混合感染引起。建议对牦牛进行布病、衣原体2种疫苗注射,藏羊进行衣原体疫苗注射;要求对布病血清阳性牦牛淘汰扑杀适当给予补偿,供种场牛羊进行衣原体病检测,阳性种畜淘汰处理,不得供种销售。     

乐都县牛羊布氏杆菌病的血清学调查

2011-2013年利用虎红平板凝集法和试管凝集实验对乐都县雨润乡、碾伯镇、高庙镇和洪水乡四个乡镇的3210份牛、羊血清进行布氏杆菌血清抗体的检测,受检的365份牛血清,检出3份阳性,阳性率为0.82％,8份可疑血清,可疑率为2.19％.受检的2845份羊血清,检出15份阳性,阳性率为0.53％,21份可疑血清,可疑率为0.74％.     

探讨血清学检测对羊布鲁氏菌病诊断的有效性

研究以奶山羊为研究对象,采用血清学检测对所采集的438份羊血清进行分析,探究血清学检测对羊布鲁氏菌病诊断的有效性。结果表明:基于虎红平板试验(RBT)初筛出147份阳性,试管凝集(SAT)和竞争性ELISA抗体检测对初筛的147份阳性进行复核,得136份阳性,其中92.5%的样本诊断为阳性。研究表明,血清学检测对于羊布病诊断具有有效性。     

马流产凝集抗原及冻干阳性血清的保存期试验

马流产凝集抗原及冻干阳性血清的保存期试验康凯（中国兽药监察所北京，１０００８１）我国现行兽医生物制品规程（以下简称《规程》）收载的马流产凝集抗原、冻干阳性血清是作为因马流产沙门氏菌感染所致母马流产的诊断制品。《规程》规定，在２～８℃保存条件下，马流产...     

湖南省洞口县首例羊布鲁氏杆菌病流行病学调查报告

布鲁氏杆菌病(简称布病)是由布鲁氏杆菌引起的人畜共患二类传染病。羊布病主要表现在感染母羊流产、死胎,在羊群中相互感染,并通过病羊、污染源传染给人,造成严重的公共卫生问题和社会经济问题。羊布病处在牛、猪布病之首。2015年8月洞口县首次发生羊布病。对洞口县羊布病进行流行病学调查,查清疫源,对全县规模化养羊场,全部采集样品监测,进行实验室虎红平板凝聚试验诊断,并对18份阳性样品病羊和同群羊进行扑杀深埋处理、传染源净化消毒工作。为养殖户和动物防疫检疫工作同行提供参考。     

奶牛布鲁氏杆菌病的诊断

2007年11月哈密地区某奶牛养殖场，有部分奶牛发生流产、死胎及胎衣滞留现象。流产多发生于妊娠的第6～8个月。随机抽检100头奶牛，通过流行病学、临床症状以及实验室检查，确诊为10头奶牛布鲁氏菌阳性（包括2头可疑为阳性处理），阳性率为10％，该养殖场发生布病的爆发性流行。     

青海山羊布氏杆菌病的诊断

为了对山羊流产死胎病例进行诊断,并对病原进行分离与鉴定,采集疑似布氏杆菌感染羊群的羊血清5份,通过虎红平板凝集和试管凝集试验,测得血清对布氏杆菌抗原都具有凝集性。为了进一步确诊,对细菌进行分离培养,对在流产死胎中分离出的细菌进行PCR鉴定,最后确诊该病由羊布氏杆菌感染所致。本试验表明青海省羊群中存在羊布氏杆菌的感染,建议加强对羊布氏杆菌的检测及监控。     

2012—2014年新疆动物布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查与分析

为了解新疆地区畜间布病流行情况及病原学特征,提升该病诊断水平,为新疆制定布病防控策略提供科学依据。2012—2014年选定新疆伊犁地区、和田地区、哈巴河县、温宿县为布病流调监测点,共抽检牛血清20 906份,羊血清23 245份。在布病阳性点采集流产胎儿病料和奶样各30份进行病原分离,应用分子生物学方法分析其病原学特征。牛羊布病血清学结果显示,牛羊布病阳性率0.77%~2.87%。从流产胎儿病料和奶样中分离布鲁氏菌11株,经AMOS-PCR鉴定,其中9株为羊种布鲁氏菌,2株为牛种布鲁氏菌。试验结果表明,新疆地区动物布鲁氏菌病疫情有逐年上升的趋势,加强牛羊布病检疫和防控势在必行。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。