甘蓝型油菜带柄子叶高频率再生植株的研究

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)912品系带柄子叶为外植体,不同浓度6-BA与NAA激素组合的分化培养基诱导芽苗的分化,开展提高甘蓝型油菜带柄子叶再生频率的因素研究.发现甘蓝型油菜912品系带柄子叶在不同激素及浓度的6-BA与NAA组合中的再生频率、分化率存在显著差异.通过无菌苗苗龄、诱导分化前2,4-D的预培养以及添加AgNO3等因素的系统分析,结果表明甘蓝型油菜912品系带柄子叶在诱导分化前经过1.0mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基中预培养3d,在最适培养基MS0 6-BA 4.0mg/L NAA 0.02mg/L 3.5mg/L AgNO3中,可较大程度地提高植株再生频率,再生频率和分化频率分别为70%和269.5%,初步建立了甘蓝型油菜912品系的高频率再生植株体系.     

基因型和AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体,接种于不同配比激素组合的培养基,研究AgNO3及基因型对油菜子叶外植体再生频率的影响.通过对芽苗分化率的方差分析表明,基因型、AgNO3及基因型与AgNO3互作对植株再生的影响均达到极显著水平,其影响程度为基因型＞AgNO3＞基因型×AgNO3.诱导芽苗分化的最佳培养基为MS+4mg/L BA+0.3mg/L NAA+5～10mg/L AgNO3.     

花生不同外植体芽诱导制约因素研究

以花生品种远杂9102成熟种胚发芽12d、4d的幼叶为外植体,对花生幼叶不定芽诱导制约因素进行了研究,结果表明,采用较高浓度的6-BA（8mg/L）、较低浓度的NAA（1mg/L）,不定芽诱导率可达70%以上。最佳诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA8mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L 最佳继代培养基为MS＋6-BA5mg/L＋NAA2mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L。同时试验发现种子预培养4d的幼叶不定芽诱导率较预培养12d的高 花生幼叶近叶柄基部切口处不定芽诱导率较高,是较理想的不定芽诱导部位。以远杂9102预培养2d的子叶作外植体,对愈伤组织诱导及分化进行试验,确定MS＋6-BA4.5mg/L＋2,4-D2.2mg/L为诱导愈伤的最佳培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达79.8%,最佳分化培养基为MS＋KT（0.15mg/L）。     

AgNO_3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体 ,接种不同生长调节剂组合的培养基 ,研究AgNO3 对油菜子叶外植体植株再生频率的影响。结果表明 ,AgNO3 2 .5mg/L处理可明显提高子叶外植体的植株再生频率 ,芽再生频率和平均每外植体再生芽数分别达到 4 3 .3 0 %和 2 .77。苗龄与子叶外植体的芽再生频率有关 ,苗龄 4d的子叶芽再生频率较高。     

花生组织培养及高频率植株再生

以14个花生品种为材料,对花生组织培养及植株再生进行了研究。将花生成熟胚幼叶、子叶和下胚轴外植体接种到添加0～2 mg/L NAA 和0～10 mg/L BAP的MSB5（MS无机盐 + B5有机）培养基上诱导愈伤,再转到添加0～10 mg/L BAP的分化培养基上诱导不定芽。结果表明,诱导培养基中添加的激素及其浓度对以后在分化培养基上不定芽分化有重要作用,以添加1 mg/L NAA 和6 mg/L BAP最利于不定芽分化;分化培养基中添加4 mg/LBAP利于不定芽伸长及植株再生;幼叶外植体分化不定芽频率明显高于子叶和下胚轴;不同基因型不定芽分化率存在明显差异,白沙1016和花育23幼叶外植体获得了较高的不定芽分化率,分别达到91.8%和88.5%。再生苗经生根培养和驯化后,移栽花盆可正常开花结果。     

甘蓝型冬性和半冬性油菜子叶高效快速芽再生体系的建立

以甘蓝型油菜子叶为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度、组合以及预培养等条件对芽再生的影响.将子叶在含1mg/L 2,4-D和1mg/L BA的MSB5培养基上预培养3d后转入芽分化培养基,可明显提高芽再生频率,再生周期也可缩短三分之一,但延长预培养时间则导致再生频率下降.实验中10个冬性和半冬性油菜品种的平均再生频率达81.9%,其中9个品种的芽再生频率均在75%以上,最高可达98.9%.     

小黑豆组织培养的研究

以应县小黑豆的下胚轴、子叶、小真叶为试验材料,研究不同培养基对小黑豆愈伤组织诱导和器官分化的影响.结果表明:NAA和BA单独使用不利用小黑豆的离体培养,细跑分裂素与生长素结合使用有利于小黑豆愈伤组织的诱导和器官分化.下胚轴在Ms BA2mg/L IAA0.5mg/L、Ms BA1.5mg/L IAA0.5mg/L Ms KT2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基中植株再生频率为46%、46%、16%,在前两种培养基中下胚轴外植体分化出丛生芽.小黑豆下胚轴愈伤组织诱导率、再生植株分化率较子叶、小真叶高.     

AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体，接种不同生长调节剂组合的培养基，研究AgNO3对油菜子叶外植体植株再生频率的影响。结果表明，AgNO3 2.5mg/L处理可明显提高子叶外植体的植株再生频率，芽再生频率和平均每外植体再生芽数分别达到43．30％和2．77。苗龄与子叶外植体的芽再生频率有关，苗龄4d的子叶芽再生频率较高。     

培养条件对甘蓝型黄籽油菜下胚轴的再生影响

以甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH01的下胚轴为材料，研究影响外植体芽再生的因素。试验结果表明，苗龄、预培养基的激素浓度和预培养时间、分化培养基等对芽再生频率均有较大影响。8d苗龄的下胚轴置MS 1．5mg／L2，4-D 0．1mg／L6-BA培养基预培养4d后，转分化培养基MS 4．0mg／L6-BA 0．05mg／LNAA 5．0mg／LAgNO3 0．6mg,／LGA3培养，可获得较高的芽再生频率。添加5mg／LAgNO3处理可防止外植体褐化并有利于芽分化；0．6mg／L GA3处理可促进胚状体形成，提高芽再生频率。GH01最高芽再生频率为40．50％。     

紫罗兰愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

以紫罗兰幼苗子叶、子叶柄、下胚轴作外植体接种MS附加不同激素的培养基诱导愈伤组织，并进一步诱导分化出芽及再生植株。子叶和下胚轴外植体在MS＋0.1mg/LNAA培养基上愈伤组织发生率达100％，下胚轴愈伤组织转移MS 0.1mg/L 6-BA培养基上易诱导分化出小苗，分化频率达67％，再生小苗在1／2MSA＋0.2mg/L IBA培养基上生根率达86％。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.