燕麦品种性状变异的研究

在西宁地区,对６３２个燕麦品种的性状进行了研究,结果表明,品种间的性状差异很大,不同品种各性状最大与最小值的范围为;生育期７５￣１３８ｄ,千粒重１３．２￣５８．３ｇ,茎粗０．２５￣０．７６ｃｍ,株高７４．２￣２１０．０ｃｍ,单株粒重１．５￣１４．９ｇ,拮秆产量３０３０￣１４９１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,籽实产量１５００￣５９２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,粒色有白、黄、褐、棕、黑等;株高,生育期和产量三者之间呈正相关     

饲用甜菜的丰产栽培试验(下)

３３产量测产于９７年７月１２日进行，现将小区产量与组合对应列于表１。表１饲用甜菜品种的产量〔ｋｇ／小区（１０ｍ２）〕Ｌ９（３４）Ⅰ处理组合Ｌ９（３４）Ⅱ品种ｋｇ／小区Ｘｋｇ／００６７ｈｍ２〔两个Ｌ９（３４）相同〕品种ｋｇ／小区Ｘｋｇ／００６７ｈ...     

行距及施肥量对兰引3号结缕草种子产量的影响

研究了不同行距及施肥量对兰引３号结缕草种子产量与种穗数量的影响，并对种穗数与其种子产量间的关系进行了回归和相关分析。结果表明：在１０ｃｍ，３０ｃｍ，４０ｃｍ，５０ｃｍ和６０ｃｍ的行距处理中，５０ｃｍ处理的种子产量和种穗数均极显著地高于其它处理，种穗数与其种子产量呈极显著正相关（ｐ＝０．０００，ｒ＝０．８７５），种穗数控制了种子产量的７６．６％；种子田的施肥量以Ｎ——１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５——５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ——５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２最为经济，施肥后兰引３号结缕草生殖枝数量显著增多是其种子产量大幅度提高的主要原因。     

青海环湖地区燕麦品种生产性能比较研究

对青海省境内大面积推广的４个燕麦中筛选了品种进行了生长发育，营养价值，牧草及种子产量等指标的试验观测比较。结果表明，抽穗开花期品种间产草量存在显著差异。９月中旬，青海燕麦４４４种子能够成熟，产量可达２２００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。     

臂形草属牧草品种比较试验

对８种臂形草属热带牧草的品种进行了比较试验研究，３年的试验结果表明，饲草产量以网脉臂形草产量最高，年干物质产量为２４２７１ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，其次为ＣＩＡＴ ６０９５刚果臂形草，年干物质产量为２０９８６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，四生臂形草产量最低，年干物质产量仅为１１８２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。     

饲用甜菜的丰产栽培试验(上)

采用两个Ｌ９（３４）正交表安排６个饲用甜菜品种的丰产栽培试验结果说明，Ｐｅｒａｍｏｎｏ、Ｍｏｎａｒａ、Ｋｉｗｉ、Ｆｅｌｄｈｅｒｒ、Ｋｙｒｏｓ和Ｍｏｎｏｂｏｒｉｓ每００６７ｈｍ２（亩）的平均丰产水平分别为１０２６６７ｋｇ、１０７３３４ｋｇ、１０８６６７ｋｇ、１１３３３４ｋｇ、１０９３３４ｋｇ和１１０６６７ｋｇ，它们的较佳处理组合及单产依次是Ａ１Ｂ３Ｃ３Ｄ３为１１８５３４ｋｇ、Ａ２Ｂ２Ｃ３Ｄ１为１１６６６７ｋｇ、Ａ１Ｂ１Ｃ３Ｄ２为１２７２０１ｋｇ、Ａ１Ｂ３Ｃ３Ｄ３为１３２６６７ｋｇ、Ａ２Ｂ２Ｃ３Ｄ１为１２９００１ｋｇ和Ａ３Ｂ１Ｃ３Ｄ２为１３０６６７ｋｇ，这些品种相应的较佳处理组合达到高产水平，因此在生产上有较大的推广应用价值。采用Ｆ—Ｑ检验结果是，Ｌ９（３４）Ⅰ的Ｃ３水平产量极显著高于Ｃ１和Ｃ２水平产量，Ｄ２播种方式的产量极显著高于Ｄ１和Ｄ３播种方式的产量；Ｌ９（３４）Ⅱ的Ｃ３水平产量极显著高于Ｃ１和Ｃ２水平产量，Ｃ２水平产量极显著高于Ｃ１水平产量。     

褪黑激素对门源牧场牛春季促绒生长及绒产量的影响

１９９８年３月用简易手术在供试的门源牦牛颈部皮下分别埋植含不同剂量的褪黑素药管，７周后梳绒，结果表明：２个试验组平均绒长厚度为１１．１４ｃｍ±０．６４ｃｍ，１０ｃｍ±１．１８ｃｍ，均显著高于对照组７．３ｃｍ±１．１９ｃｍ，尽管存在着颈毛自然流失现象，但试验组件绒平均产量为０．７９ｋｇ±０．０８ｋｇ，０．９１ｋｇ±０．１６ｋｇ。     

优质高产牧草菊苣的栽培试验

山西农业大学许庆芳等 ,在山西太谷县山西农业大学牧场内进行了菊苣引种栽培试验。于１９９７年４月２０日进行翻地、整地、耙平、打畦。５月７日灌足底水 ,５月１０日播种 ,条播行距３０ｃｍ ,沟深２～３ｃｍ ,播种量１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。出苗后浇一次水 ,幼苗进入４～５片真叶期和７～８片真叶期进行两次间苗 ,去除劣质苗 ,保留株１５ｃｍ。剔除杂草。定株后因天极旱 ,结合施尿素（１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）进行灌水１次。当年刈割２次 ,产草量为１０万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,第二年刈割４次 ,产量达１５万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。结果表明 ,菊苣是一种抗寒、耐旱…     

赖草群落生物量初步研究

研究了赖草群落６月和７月份生物量，６月和７月份地上生物量分别为２５．９５ｇ／ｍ＾２和７２．５７ｇ／ｍ＾２，地下生物量分别为２８６．２８ｇ／ｍ＾３和１５７．２２ｇ／ｍ＾２。     

三至七月龄小尾寒羊营养代谢中甲烷气产量和能值的初步研究

取３月龄断奶小尾寒羊９只随机分为３组（每组１只去势公羊，２只母羊）进行气体能量代谢试验。试验表明，日粮代谢能浓度为２３００～２７００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇＤＭ、食入代谢能２６００～４８００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇＤＭ时，甲烷气（ＣＨ４）呼出量２４～３３Ｌ／ｄ，ＣＨ４能（ＣＨ４Ｅ）２２０～３１０ｋｃａｌ／ｄ，甲烷能占食入总能的６％～９％，呼出气体甲烷浓度约为０１０％～０１７％。甲烷能与食入总能回归关系为：３～５月龄：ＣＨ４呼出量（Ｌ／ｄ）＝８７１０６＋０００５２ｘ；ＣＨ４Ｅ（ｋｃａｌ／ｄ）＝７８９７２７＋００５００ｘ；ＣＨ４Ｅ／ＧＥＩ（％）＝１０１５０４－００００８ｘ。５～７月龄：ＣＨ４呼出量（Ｌ／ｄ）＝１１５２１５＋０００４５ｘ；ＣＨ４Ｅ（ｋｃａｌ／ｄ）＝１０８８８３０＋００４２８ｘ；ＣＨ４Ｅ／ＧＥＩ（％）＝１１９４４１－０００１２ｘ。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein