砷化镓和其它砷化物对大豆种子萌发和异柠檬酸裂解酶（ICL）…

以砷化物为污染源，研究砷对大豆种子萌发及生理活性物质的影响。结果表明：砷化镓（ＧａＡＳ）和砷酸钠（Ｎａ３ＡｓＯ３三个砷和Ｎａ２ＨＡｓＯ４五价砷）对大豆种子萌发的影响，在五价砷（ＧａＡｓ和Ｎａ２ＨＡｓＯ４）１－５ｍｇ／Ｌ，三价砷０．１－１ｍｇｍ／Ｌ对大豆萌发育促进作用，随着浓度提高，发芽率有所下降，五价砷５０ｍｇ／Ｌ和三价砷１０ｍｇ／Ｌ显著受抑制；五价砷５００ｍｇ／Ｌ和三价砷１００ｍｇ／Ｌ种子萌发全     

氯化胆碱对甘蔗光合性能及糖含量的影响

以不同浓度的氯化胆碱（ＣＣ）处理田间栽培甘蔗。经合适浓度的ＣＣ处理的甘蔗叶绿素含量、叶内Ｍｇ２＋-ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｃａ２＋-ＡＴＰａｓｅ，ＮＡＤＰ一苹果酸酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（ＰＥＰ）羧化酶等活性，叶绿体的希尔（Ｈｉｌｌ）反应活力和光合速率都有不同程度的提高，甘蔗的株高、茎粗、蔗茎含糖量也有所提高。     

药用植物甜茶的快速繁殖

将甜茶（ＲｕｂｕｓｓｕａｖｉｓｉｍｕｓＳ．Ｌｅｅ）茎段接种在以ＭＳ和Ｗｈｉｔｅ为基本培养基分别附加不同浓度ＢＡ的培养基上。研究表明,以ＭＳ为基本培养基附加２ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＢＡ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ,对芽的增殖和生长效果较显著,增殖率比对照高９１％。将试管苗转入以ＭＳ为基本培养基附加１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ和２ｍｇ／Ｌ多效唑的培养基中,出根率最高达４３％,根茎粗壮。     

泡核桃叶水浸提液对4种蔬菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应

为研究泡核桃凋落叶对生菜（Lactuca sativa）、白菜（Brassica pekinensis）、菜心（Brassica chinensis）和辣椒（Capsicum annuum） 4种蔬菜的化感综合效应,采用发芽试验,利用培养皿纸床法,研究泡核桃凋落叶不同浓度水浸提液对4种不同参试材料种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,4种参试材料对泡核桃叶化感作用的敏感性从强到弱依次为生菜>菜心>白菜>辣椒,对生菜的抑制作用最强（SE=-0.30）,辣椒具有很好的适应性（SE=0.22）;浸提液对种子的发芽指数影响最大,其次为发芽势,发芽率影响最小;在幼苗生长阶段,浸提液对地下部分根长影响最大（SE=-0.12）,对地上部分影响相对较小,当浓度为40 g/L时,对根长均起到抑制作用。不同浓度泡核桃水浸提液对蔬菜种子的萌发和幼苗生长均呈现不同程度的促进和抑制作用。本研究结果为辣椒用于农林复合种植研究提供了理论依据和指导。     

氯化胆碱对烟草光合性能的影响

经喷施合适浓度的氯化胆碱（ＣＣ）的烟草叶内叶绿素（ｃｈｌ）含量略有增加，希尔（Ｈｉｌ）反应活力和光合速率提高。叶内Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均有所增强。对正常的呼吸代谢活力无影响，但降低了光呼吸中的乙醇酸氧化酶活性，利于光合提高     

LED红蓝光对不同品种水培生菜的影响效果对比

选取9个不同叶色和叶形的生菜品种,以红蓝光比为7︰1的复合光（RBL）为光源,在植物工厂内对比白光（WL）进行试验,以探究红蓝复合光（RBL）对不同品种生菜（Lactuca sativa L.）的响应差异性及影响效果。结果表明,相比于白光（WL）处理,红蓝光（RBL）促进了绿色散叶生菜品种的株高相对生长速率（P＜0.05）,但是抑制了其长势过旺;降低了紫色生菜品种后期叶绿素含量;提高了半结球和散叶生菜品种的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度（P＜0.05）;抑制了所有品种生菜PSⅡ的最大光化学效率;提高了散叶生菜品种的ETR值（P＜0.05）;提高了半结球生菜的可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量（P＜0.05）;提高了绿色散生生菜品种的维生素C含量、产量和干物率（P＜0.05）。总之,红蓝光（RBL）对不同品种生菜生长发育及光合荧光特性的影响差异性主要与叶片离散程度相关,对绿色生菜品种品质和产量的提升效果普遍优于紫色生菜品种。     

施肥和外源砷对小白菜生长和抗性生理的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了施用有机肥料与氮、 磷、 钾肥以及不同浓度砷对小白菜（Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis L.）株高、 根长、 单株鲜重、 砷含量以及小白菜植株脯氨酸（Pro）、 丙二醛（MDA）、 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化物酶（POD）等的影响。结果表明: 在施肥条件下外源砷10 mg/kg促进小白菜生长,鲜重最高,株高、 根长增加,外源砷继续提高则抑制小白菜生长; 小白菜砷含量随外源砷提高而增加,施肥则促进砷吸收; 小白菜Pro和MDA含量随外源砷提高而增加,施肥则有助于降低Pro和MDA含量; 小白菜POD活性在不施肥处理下随砷浓度的提高呈上升下降的变化趋势,且以砷 50 mg/kg时最高; 在施肥条件下随砷浓度的增加而增强; 小白菜SOD活性在有机肥处理下随砷浓度的增加而增强,在不施肥、 施氮磷钾肥以及氮磷钾肥和有机肥混施处理下随砷浓度的升高呈上升下降的变化趋势,均以砷 50 mg/kg处理最高。     

氯化胆碱对二种木本植物组培苗生长的影响

以哈斯油梨（ＰｅｒｓｅａａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａＭｉｌｃｖ．Ｈａｓｓ）胚和抗根腐病砧木托马斯（Ｐ．ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａＭｉｌｒｏｏｔｓｔｏｃｋＴｈｏｍａｓ）茎段及大叶桉（ＥｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｒｏｂｕｓｔａＳｍｉｔｈ）组培苗茎尖为试材，在１／２ＭＴ（１／２无机盐＋有机物＋２％蔗糖＋０．９％琼脂）附加不同浓度（０，５０，１００，３００，５００，７００，１０００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）的氯化胆碱的培养基上培养，结果表明适宜浓度的氯化胆碱可显著提高两种木本植物组培苗的生长，刺激发根和根的伸长，可使砧木茎段上处于“休眠”状态的腋芽大量萌发；７种浓度中以５００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的浓度处理效果最为显著     

丛枝菌根真菌对玉米生长生态效应的影响

１９９６～１９９８年试验研究了大田不施肥条件下３种泡囊丛枝菌根真菌Ａｒｂｕｓｃｕｌａｒ ｍｙｃｏｒ－ｒｈｉｚａｌ ｆｕｎｇｉ （ＡＭＦ）,即Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ（Ｇ．ｍ）、Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｍｅ（Ｇ．ｖ）、Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｃｙｓｉｓ ｓｉｎｏｕｓａ（Ｓ．ｓ）对玉米生长的生态效应。结构表明,ＡＭＦ处理的玉米根系活力为对照的２．３２～３．０５倍,玉米Ｎ素吸收比对照增加２４．１４％～５６．     

喷施氨基酸螯合钙对结球生菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

为了探讨氨基酸螯合钙对结球生菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,筛选最佳用量,以喷施清水为对照,设置不同喷施浓度（0.05%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%和1%）开展田间试验。结果表明,喷施氨基酸螯合钙均提高了结球生菜产量,0.5%浓度产量最高,较对照处理增产16.27%;0.3%和0.5%浓度均提高了结球生菜维生素C含量、降低了硝酸盐含量;喷施氨基酸螯合钙均较对照处理显著提高了结球生菜全钙含量,提高范围为9.73%～40.02%,0.3%和0.5%浓度提高了植株对磷、钾的吸收;喷施浓度0.5%处理的结球生菜经济效益和产投比最高,显著增加了农民收益。综合比较,氨基酸螯合钙最佳喷施浓度为0.3%～0.5%,效益显著。     

Comparisons of commercial organic and chemical fertilizer solutions on growth and composition of lettuce

The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of organic or chemical nutrient solutions on the growth and composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in greenhouse production. Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution, an organic hydroponics solution, and no fertilization were factored with lettuce cultivars of different phenotypes, iceberg, romaine, loose head, and loose leaf. Lettuce growth was higher with Hoagland and Arnon solution than with the organic fertilizer or with no fertilization. The organic fertilizer increased growth above no fertilizer applied. Hoagland and Arnon solution gave the highest concentration of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and iron in the lettuce whereas lettuce grown with the organic fertilizer had the highest phosphorus. Plant nutrient accumulation differed slightly among the cultivars. Hoagland and Arnon solution produced high nitrate in leaves. Nitrate concentrations with organic or no fertilization were low. Loose head or loose leaf cultivars had higher nitrate than romaine or iceberg.     

Screening of Basmati Rice Varieties for their Arsenic Accumulation in Punjab,North-West India

A pot study was conducted to screen different basmati rice varieties for their accumulation of arsenic (As). Different amounts of arsenic (0–800 µg/L) were applied through irrigation water to four basmati rice varieties (Pusa basmati-1121, Pusa Punjab basmati-1509, Punjab basmati-2, and Punjab basmati-3). Highest arsenic concentration was found in the grains of Punjab basmati-3 and lowest in the grains of Pusa Punjab basmati-1509. In all varieties, grain As concentration ranged from 0.038 to 0.288 mg/kg, which was within the permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg in rice grain recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). In husk, highest As concentration was found in Pusa basmati-1121 and lowest in Punjab basmati-2. Among the four varieties, highest content of As was accumulated in roots and straw of Pusa Punjab basmati-1509, whereas least was accumulated in Punjab basmati-2. The distribution of arsenic among plant parts was found in the order: roots > straw > husk > grain. The mean arsenic concentrations in grain, husk, straw, and root of basmati rice varieties increased with increasing concentration of arsenic in irrigation water. Highest grain yield was obtained in Pusa Punjab basmati-1509 variety due to lesser accumulation of arsenic compared with other varieties. Rice yield, plant height, root weight, straw weight, test weight, effective tiller, and filled grain per panicle decreased with increase in arsenic concentration in irrigated water.     

Effect of NO3 and NH4 concentrations in nutrient solution on yield and nitrate concentration in seasonally grown leaf lettuce

The effect of suboptimal supply of nitrogen (N) and of replacing nitrate in the nutrient solution with ammonia on growth, yield, and nitrate concentration in green and red leaf lettuce was evaluated over two seasons (autumn and spring) using multiple regression analysis. The plants were grown in a greenhouse on a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system. Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution were either 3?mM or 12?mM, and the form of N was varied as follows: 100% NO₃, 50% NO₃?+?50% NH₄, and 100% NH₄. In both seasons, the biomass (fresh weight) of lettuce heads increased with increasing NO₃ concentrations and in autumn, NO₃ even at 1.5?mM was sufficient for high yield. However, head dry weight was affected neither by the season nor by changes in the composition of the nutrient solution. The concentration of NO₃ had no effect on root dry weight, but it decreased at higher concentrations of NH₄. The number of leaves increased as the ratio of NO₃ to NH₄ in the nutrient solution increased and was higher in autumn because of the longer growth period. Increasing the concentration of NO₃ in nutrient solution increased both total N and nitrate concentration in lettuce heads (dry weight) but decreased the concentration of total C. Also, leaf nitrate concentration was lower in spring than in autumn and decreased with increasing NH₄ concentration. Nitrogen utilization efficiency was maximum when NH₄ levels in the nutrient solution were either 0% or 50% irrespective of the season. Our results thus show that suboptimal N supply in autumn will not affect lettuce yield, and that nitrate concentration in leaves is lower when NH₄ concentrations in nutrient solution are higher and also much lower in red lettuce than in green lettuce.     

Nitrate Evolution in Soil,Leaching Water,and Lettuce Plant Crops using Different Fertilization Strategies

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different fertilizing strategies applied during three successive cycles on lettuce growth and the nitrate evolution in the soil, leaching water, and the lettuce plant itself. Four fertilization treatments were compared: integrated production fertilization (IP), organic fertilization (ORG), slow-release N fertilizers (SRF), and plant-associative bacteria (PAB). The nitrate content of the pore water and leachate decreased toward harvesting time in each crop cycle. The accumulation of residual nitrates in the soil decreased in each successive cycle in all treatments. The greatest lettuce head weight was achieved by ORG and SRF in the first cycle and by IP in the third cycle; IP and SRF produced the greatest nitrate content in lettuce leaves, especially in the second and third cycles. The nitrate content of leaves fell in the last cycle, as nitrate levels in soil and in leaching fell in all treatments.     

营养液浓度对水培生菜生长和硝酸盐积累的影响

该文研究了4种营养液浓度处理(山崎生菜配方的1/4(1/4s)、1/2(1/2s)、1(1s)和2(2s)单位)对水培生菜(品种为“弘农”和“绿领”)生长、硝酸盐积累和品质的影响。结果表明,1/2单位营养液浓度处理下生菜地上部和根的鲜重、叶长和叶宽最大,而2个单位营养液浓度处理下上述指标最小。不同营养液浓度处理下叶片硝酸盐积累的高低顺序为2s>1s>1/2s>1/4s,2个单位营养液浓度处理下生菜生长发育后期叶片中的SOD活性和M DA含量最高。对采收时生菜品质的分析表明,生菜体内的硝酸盐含量随着营养液浓度的增加而迅速上升,2个单位营养液浓度处理下生菜叶片中硝酸盐、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质R含量最高。综合考虑产量和品质,采用1/2单位的山崎生菜配方是适合生菜水培的营养液配方。     

营养液浓度对水培生菜生长和硝酸盐积累的影响

该文研究了4种营养液浓度处理(山崎生菜配方的1/4(1/4s)、1/2(1/2s)、1(1s)和2(2s)单位)对水培生菜(品种为“弘农”和“绿领”)生长、硝酸盐积累和品质的影响。结果表明，1/2单位营养液浓度处理下生菜地上部和根的鲜重、叶长和叶宽最大，而2个单位营养液浓度处理下上述指标最小。不同营养液浓度处理下叶片硝酸盐积累的高低顺序为2s>1s>1/2s>1/4s，2个单位营养液浓度处理下生菜生长发育后期叶片中的SOD活性和MDA含量最高。对采收时生菜品质的分析表明，生菜体内的硝酸盐含量随着营养液浓度的增加而迅速上升，2个单位营养液浓度处理下生菜叶片中硝酸盐、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质R 含量最高。综合考虑产量和品质，采用1/2单位的山崎生菜配方是适合生菜水培的营养液配方。     

两种叶菜类蔬菜对毒死蜱的吸收转移规律

采用水培方法,研究了毒死蜱对两种叶菜类蔬菜菠菜和生菜生长的影响、在不同培养液中的降解速度以及在蔬菜中的吸收和转移规律。结果表明,低浓度毒死蜱（1.0和10.0mg·L^-1）对两种供试蔬菜的生长没有明显影响,但高浓度毒死蜱（100.0mg·L^-1）对两种蔬菜的生长均有一定的影响,而且生菜对毒死蜱较菠菜更为敏感。两种蔬菜均能明显促进毒死蜱在溶液中的降解,在不同溶液中的降解速度如下：菠菜-培养液〉生菜-培养液〉塘水〉培养液。两种供试蔬菜对毒死蜱均有很强的吸收能力,而且具有相似的吸收规律。毒死蜱在菠菜根中达到最大吸收值所需的时间比生菜根所需的时间短,但在茎和叶中所需的时间两种蔬菜相同。     

Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution by Iron Oxide-Coated Fungal Biomass: A Factorial Design Analysis

A two-level three-factor (2³) full factorial design was conducted to observe the parameters influencing arsenic removal from an aqueous solution using iron oxide-coated A. niger biomass. The factors taken into consideration were the mass of the adsorbent, the concentration of arsenic in solution and the solution temperature. It was observed that the mass of the adsorbent and the solution temperature had positive effects on arsenic removal efficiency. Arsenic concentration in the solution had a negative effect. This meant that the higher the solution concentration, the lower the As removal efficiency. The effect of temperature was more pronounced in As(III) removal (26.6%) compared to that of As(V) removal (14.4%). The effect of mass of adsorbent was observed to be higher in the case of As(V) removal (30.7%) compared to that of As(III) removal (25.5%).     

不同施肥处理对莴笋营养效应的研究

采用田间试验研究了不同施肥处理对莴笋产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明,在CK(N15P5K10)基础上分别增施氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、硼肥或有机肥可使莴笋增产19.4%~66.4%,以施用有机肥菜籽粕增产作用最大。有机肥泥炭和菜籽粕处理使莴笋茎硝酸盐含量分别降低9.3%和18.0%。不同施肥处理均提高了莴笋叶和茎维生素C含量,菜籽粕处理莴笋叶维生素C含量增幅最大(为16.5%),泥炭和菜籽粕处理莴笋茎维生素C含量均显著高于其他处理。增施钾肥处理对提高莴笋叶还原糖含量作用最大(达10.0%),增施磷肥处理对提高莴笋茎还原糖含量效果显著。不同施肥处理均提高了莴笋叶必需氨基酸含量,硼肥( B)处理莴笋叶蛋氨酸/亮氨酸比值最高;泥炭处理对提高莴笋茎蛋氨酸/亮氨酸比值及甜味、鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比例效果最佳。菜籽粕处理莴笋施肥利润最高,增施钾肥处理产投比高于其他处理。