陈年乌龙茶的生化成分及其降脂降糖活性研究

对黄金桂、岭头单丛和大叶奇兰三个茶树品种的陈年乌龙茶的茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、可溶性糖等生化成分的含量进行测定,并分别比较其体外抗氧化及抑制α-淀粉酶与胰脂肪酶的活性。结果表明:三个品种的陈年乌龙茶的茶多酚、儿茶素和氨基酸含量均表现为2016年比1990年高,没食子酸含量则相反,水浸出物、可溶性糖、黄酮类和咖啡碱含量没有明显规律。体外总抗氧化能力结果显示,岭头单丛和大叶奇兰陈年乌龙茶表现为2016年比1990年高,黄金桂则差别不大;三个品种的乌龙茶陈茶体外抑制α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶活性均表现为2016年比1990年高。灰色关联度分析结果表明,陈年乌龙茶茶多酚的总抗氧化能力(关联系数0.6292)和抑制α-淀粉酶活性(关联系数0.3136)贡献最大,而茶多糖对抑制胰脂肪酶活性(关联系数0.4715)贡献最大。     

文献摘要

紫芽品种茶树春梢芽叶生化成分分析;具有抗氧化活性茶多糖TPS—Ⅱ的分离纯化及其性质研究;红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶活性成分抗氧化性研究;福建铁观音茶园土壤中的镍及其向茶叶的转移;壳聚糖对茶树抗性酶调节作用的研究     

EGCG对非肥胖型糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的改善作用及调节机制研究

EGCG是一种抗氧化、抗炎症的天然活性成分，目前关于EGCG的抗氧化和抗炎症作用在糖尿病肾损伤中的作用及调节机制研究较少。采用不同剂量的EGCG干预非肥胖型糖尿病Goto-Kakizaki(GK)大鼠以探究EGCG对糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的作用和机制。试验周期为4周，监测试验期内大鼠的平均体质量和日平均摄食量，并在试验结束后取血清和肾脏组织，检测大鼠肾功能、肾脏病理指标、氧化应激和炎症指标以及Nrf2-Keap1/MAPK信号通路相关基因表达水平。试验表明，EGCG能够有效改善GK大鼠肾脏形态损伤，显著降低血肌酐、尿素氮和肾脏丙二醛含量，提高肾脏超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶活性，抑制促炎因子单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和白介素-1β的释放水平，调节与抗氧化应激相关的Nrf2-Keap1/MAPK信号通路的Nrf2、Keap1、JNK、NF-κB、P38基因表达水平，且在试验范围内，高剂量的改善效果优于低剂量。以上结果表明，EGCG对大鼠糖尿病导致的肾损伤有一定的改善作用，其作用机理可能与Nrf2-Keap1/MAPK信号通路介导的抗氧化应激有关。     

乌龙茶多糖调节血脂作用及其机制研究

探讨了乌龙茶多糖（OTPS）对高脂模型小鼠血脂的调节作用及机制。采用高脂饲料饲喂法建立高脂血症小鼠模型,通过不同剂量OTPS灌胃6周后,测定了小鼠的体重、胸腺重量、脾脏重量、肝脏重量、血脂水平、血清和肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量,以及观察了肝脏的病理变化。结果表明,与高脂模型对照组比较,OTPS剂量组血清总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、血清和肝脏MDA、肝脏指数显示不同程度的降低,胸腺指数、脾指数、血清和肝脏SOD活力则有所上升,肝脏病变有一定程度的减轻,说明乌龙茶多糖具有一定的调节血脂、提高机体免疫力及抗氧化的作用。     

乌龙茶对MNNG诱发大鼠胃肠道恶性肿瘤的抑制作用

通过乌龙茶对MNNG(N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍)诱发大鼠胃肠道恶性肿瘤的抑制作用实验,结果表明,乌龙茶不仅能降低MNNG诱发大鼠胃肠道恶性肿瘤的发生率,还能抑制肿瘤的生长和转移。此外,还对乌龙茶的抑癌作用机制等进行了讨论,认为乌龙茶的抑癌作用可能与茶叶中的多酚破坏胃液中N-亚硝基化合物以及乌龙茶对免疫功能具有保护或调整作用有关。     

茶多糖的组成及其对糖代谢的作用机制探讨

茶多糖(Tea Polysaccharid,TPS)是一种具有生理活性的复合性多糖,成分及结构较为复杂,具有降低血糖,保护胰岛细胞,抗炎及抗氧化作用等。本文综述了常见茶叶茶多糖的组成成分,对茶多糖的降糖作用机制进行了阐释,并对茶多糖预防糖尿病的前景提出了自己的看法。     

不同做青与烘焙工艺对乌龙茶抗氧化能力的影响

做青和烘焙是乌龙茶加工的关键工序,与乌龙茶茶多酚的氧化程度密切相关.采用轻做青短烘、重做青短烘、轻做青长烘、重做青长烘的不同加工方式制作乌龙茶.试验结果表明:在相同的烘焙时间下,轻做青乌龙茶羟自由基清除能力强于重做乌龙茶,总抗氧化能力也是轻做青乌龙茶强于重做青乌龙茶;在相同的做青程度下,短时间烘焙乌龙茶羟自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力均强于长时间烘焙乌龙茶;做青程度与烘焙时间长短对乌龙茶清除DPPH自由基能力的影响并不大,起决定性的因素是鲜叶原料的茶多酚含量,鲜叶茶多酚含量越高,其DPPH自由基清除能力越强.     

乌龙茶加工过程多糖的变化、组分分离及特性研究

在乌龙茶加工过程中,多糖含量以及组成多糖的中性糖、蛋白质含量呈递减趋势,从鲜叶至第2次摇青结束,下降幅度小,但第3次摇青后大幅度下降,而糖醛酸的变化较小;加工过程多糖清除·OH和自由基的趋势基本一致,呈现抛物线变化,活性最高峰出现在第2次摇青结束,多酚类保留量为85%左右可以作为制定乌龙茶加工过程高活性茶多糖的形成指标。采用纤维素和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法分离纯化乌龙茶多糖,各级分中性糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸含量以及清除OH、的作用有较大差异。获得的乌龙茶多糖主要组分OTPS2-1是富含糖醛酸和少量蛋白质的三元糖复合物,相对重均分子质量为8.877×104,糖基由半乳糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖和鼠李糖组成,其摩尔比为7.58:2.14:7.05:1.76:1.02。O2.O2.     

茶多糖和茶多酚的降血糖作用研究

目的:研究茶多糖、茶多酚对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病SD大鼠的降血糖作用和机制。方法:饲喂SD大鼠茶多糖、茶多酚3周后,观察大鼠血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血胰岛素以及小肠糖降解酶(淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶)变化。结果:茶多糖、茶多酚都有显著抑制糖尿病大鼠血糖升高的作用;与对照组比较,茶多糖组大鼠血胰岛素水平有显著提高(P<0.05),蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);茶多酚组的血胰岛素水平有升高趋势,小肠各降解酶活力也有下降趋势,但与对照组比较均未达到显著水平。结论:茶多糖对高血糖大鼠有显著的抑制血糖升高的作用,茶多糖的作用机制可能是抑制小肠糖降解酶活性。     

茶多糖的研究进展

糖类是自然界最多的有机化合物,多糖及糖复合物分布广泛,功能多种多样,它们参与了细胞各种生命活动的调节。茶多糖(TPS)能降血糖、防治糖尿病,还具有降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、降血压、抗凝血、抗血栓、防治心血管疾病等作用。在中国和日本民间有常饮用粗老茶治疗糖尿病的经验。一般随茶叶原料的老化,茶多糖含量增加,乌龙茶中茶多糖含量为2.63%±0.27%,约是红茶的31倍和绿茶的17倍。红茶一级的茶多糖含量为0.40%±0.10%,到了六级可达0.85%±0.10%。绿茶一级的茶多糖含量为0.81%±0.11%,六级达到1.41%±0.06%。本文对茶多糖的提取、分离提纯…     

白茶体外抗氧化与体内抗衰老作用的研究

为比较不同原料来源白茶的体外抗氧化和体内抗衰老作用并探究其作用机制,本研究制备白毫银针（Baihaoyinzhen, YZ）、白牡丹（Baimudan, MD）和寿眉（Shoumei, SM）的提取物,检测其主要功效成分含量及其体外抗氧化活性。通过诱导D-半乳糖衰老小鼠模型,探究其体内抗衰老作用。结果显示,YZ提取物的主要功效成分含量均高于MD和SM提取物,SM提取物的茶多酚和总黄酮含量高于MD提取物。在体外,相同浓度下YZ提取物抗氧化能力最强,MD和SM提取物差异不明显。在体内,YZ提取物在抑制肝脏脂质过氧化方面表现出显著优势（P<0.05）,SM提取物在提高血清抗氧化酶活性方面具有显著优势（P<0.05）,但未表现出剂量依赖关系。3种白茶提取物上调了小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶与抗衰老基因的表达,表现出剂量依赖性,有效地改善了机体氧化应激状态,且对小鼠均未表现出肝脏毒性作用。     

Altered expression of circadian clock gene, mPer1, in mouse brain and kidney under morphine dependence and withdrawal

Every physiological function in the human body exhibits some form of circadian rhythmicity. Under pathological conditions, however, circadian rhythmicity may be dusrupted. Patients infected with HIV or addicted to drugs of abuse often suffer from sleep disorders and altered circadian rhythms. Early studies in Drosophila suggested that drug seeking behavior might be related to the expression of certain circadian clock genes. Our previous research showed that conditioned place preference with morphine treatment was altered in mice lacking the Period-1 (mPer1) circadian clock gene. Thus, we sought to investigate whether morphine treatment could alter the expression of mPer1, especially in brain regions outside the SCN and in peripheral tissues. Our results using Western blot analysis showed that the mPER1 immunoreactivity exhibited a strong circadian rhythm in the brains of the control (Con), morphine-dependent (MD), and morphine-withdrawal (MW) mice. However, the phase of the circadian rhythm of mPER1 expression in the brains of MD mice significantly differed from that of the Con mice (p < 0.05). In contrast to mPER1 expression in the brain, the circadian rhythm of mPER1 immunoreactivity in the kidneys was abolished after morphine administration, whereas the Con mice maintained robust circadian rhythmicity of mPER1 in the kidney. Therefore, the effect of morphine on the circadian clock gene mPer1 may vary among different organs, resulting in desynchronization of circadian function between the SCN and peripheral organs.     

Effect of mixing lard with soybean oil in cooking on hepatic antioxidative ability and renal metabolic activity

A simulate daily oriental dietary pattern (a blend of lard and soybean oil) was performed in this research to investigate influence on liver and kidney function. Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with diets of different fat added oils respectively for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde and uric acid contents in mice fed with blended oil were significantly lower than in those fed only with soybean oil and lard due to the improved activities of antioxidant enzymes. Daily use of a blend of lard with soybean oil significantly increased antioxidant capacity, reduced lipid peroxidation of liver and serum uric acid production, thus protected liver and renal function. It also suggests that the oriental dietary pattern might reduce the risk of gout.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和维生素C联用对高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸水平的影响

以KM雄性小鼠为研究对象,酵母膏（7.5 g·kg^-1）和氧嗪酸钾（250 mg·kg^-1）联合给药建立高尿酸血症小鼠模型,探究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）和维生素C（Vc）联用对高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸水平的影响。将小鼠随机分为6组（n=6）：空白组、模型组、别嘌呤醇组（阳性药组）、EGCG组、EGCG联合Vc组和Vc组,连续给药7 d后测定生化指标。结果表明,与模型组相比,EGCG联合Vc组小鼠的血尿酸值（UA）,血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）水平均明显降低（P<0.001）;EGCG与Vc联用明显抑制了肝脏中腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）和黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）的活性（P<0.05或P<0.01）,并显著下调了肾脏中葡萄糖转运蛋白9（GLUT9）mRNA的表达（P<0.001）;肾脏切片显示EGCG和Vc联用显著改善高尿酸血症小鼠的肾脏损伤。此外,EGCG与Vc联用对高尿酸血症小鼠的作用效果优于EGCG。     

儿茶素对铅诱导HepG2细胞氧化损伤及茶多酚对铅毒小鼠体内铅含量的影响

观察茶儿茶素对铅诱导HepG2细胞氧化损伤和茶多酚对铅染毒小鼠体内铅含量的影响。采用MTT(四甲基偶氮唑盐)法检测细胞活力,TBA(硫代巴比妥酸)反应生成MDA(丙二醛)的量测量细胞脂质过氧化水平。以醋酸铅染毒小鼠,采用原子荧光光度法测定小鼠器官中的铅含量。结果发现儿茶素能改善铅诱导细胞的氧化损伤,使细胞活力升高,MDA下降;铅染毒后,小鼠血液、肝、肾、脑和股骨蓄积的铅含量显著增加,茶多酚对小鼠肝脏排铅有显著作用,但对其他器官的铅排泄无明显影响。     

Protective Effect of Maize Silks (Maydis stigma) Ethanol Extract on Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice

Maize silks, dried cut stigmata of maize female flowers, are a traditional medicinal plant. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant effect of maize silks ethanol extract (MSE) against oxidative damage in vivo. γ-radiation was employed to induce oxidative stress in mice and the variation of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH/GSSG), blood cells, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and related antioxidant enzymes were examined. The results showed that radiation elevate levels of MDA, induce hematological abnormalities and decrease levels of GSH/GSSG and Nrf2 expression in liver and kidney. MSE administration significantly abolished elevation of MDA levels in liver, maintained hepatic GSH/GSSG ratio and ameliorated hematological abnormalities dose dependently. Moreover, MSE up-regulated the hepatic protein expression of Nrf2 dose dependently and the activities as well as protein expression of Nrf2-related antioxidant enzymes were also increased. However, the antioxidant ability of MSE seemed not to be as effective in kidney as in liver. These findings firstly proved the protective role of MSE against oxidative stress, which was in part via up-regulation of Nrf2 and seemed to be tissue specific.     

Diurnal-and sex-related difference of metallothionein expression in mice

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Metallothionein (MT) is a small, cysteine-rich, metal-binding protein that plays an important role in protecting against toxicity of heavy metal and chemicals. This study was aimed to define diurnal and sex variation of MT in mice. METHODS: Adult mice were maintained in light- and temperature-controlled facilities for 2 weeks with light on at 8:00 and light off at 20:00. The blood, liver, and kidneys were collected every 4 h during the 24 h period. Total RNA was isolated, purified, and subjected to real-time RT-PCR analysis and MT protein was determined by western blot and the Cd/hemoglobin assay. RESULTS: The diurnal variations in mRNA levels of MT-1 and MT-2 in liver were dramatic, up to a 40-fold peak/trough ratio. MT mRNA levels in kidneys and blood also showed diurnal variation, up to 5-fold peak/trough ratio. The diurnal variation of MT mRNAs resembled the clock gene albumin site D-binding protein (Dbp), and was anti-phase to the clock gene Brain and Muscle ARNT-like Protein 1 (Bmal1) in liver and kidneys. The peaks of MT mRNA levels were higher in females than in males. Hepatic MT protein followed a similar pattern, with about a 3-fold difference. CONCLUSION: MT mRNA levels and protein showed diurnal- and sex-variation in liver, kidney, and blood of mice, which could impact the body defense against toxic stimuli.     

转Bar基因抗除草剂稻谷喂养小鼠的食用安全性评价

以转Bar基因抗除草剂水稻品种Bar 68 -1及其受体品种D68(CK)为材料,将其稻谷配制饲料后饲喂体重在18～24 g的SPF级昆明小鼠,喂养90 d后分别检测小鼠腿肌、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠中是否含有Bar基因片段及其表达蛋白磷丝菌素乙酰转移酶(PAT),同时检测了小鼠消化道内外源蛋白的消化降解和小肠线粒体基因组(mtDNA)的突变情况.结果表明:饲喂转Bar基因稻谷的实验组小鼠各脏器组织中没有检测到Bar基因片段和其表达的PAT蛋白;外源蛋白PAT在小鼠胃肠道内无耐受性,能够被机体完全消化;小鼠小肠mtDNA的测序结果无异常,没有发现突变位点.说明转基因成分没有在小鼠体内残留或发生转移,也没有导致小鼠肠道基因突变.