两种犬神经活动过程比较研究

通过考察德国牧羊犬与罗威纳犬的灵活性、兴奋性强度以及抑制性强度等方面,对两种犬的神经活动过程进行了比较研究.测试研究表明:在品种内,德国牧羊犬公犬兴奋性强度显著强于母犬(P<0.05),罗威纳犬公犬兴奋性强度也显著强于母犬(P<0.05),此外,罗威纳公犬抑制转兴奋强度显著强于母犬(P<0.05);在品种间:德国牧羊犬...     

两种犬肠管吻合术的试验比较

研制1种含有多种药物的可降解内置支撑物,将其用于小动物肠管吻合术中的支撑及术后消炎、止血和镇痛,并与传统吻合方法作比较。以健康本地犬为试验动物,分为内置支撑物组(12只)和传统手术组(8只),观测两组手术时间、操作难易程度及术后恢复情况。试验结果表明,相较于传统吻合方法,将内置支撑物用于犬肠管吻合术,可明显缩短手术时间,降低手术操作的难度,手术2 d后内置支撑物组犬体温情况、精神和活动情况、饮食欲等均优于传统手术组,术后无明显并发症,愈合良好。     

犬的两种剖腹产术的比较

１犬的两种常用剖腹产切开术１．１腹白线切开术犬仰卧保定（头部和四肢固定确实），用速眠新０．１０～０．１５mL／kg体重全身麻醉，常规剃毛消毒，盖上创巾。从耻骨前缘２cm左右向前作长６～８cm的切口（若切口长达脐部则从脐部边缘，即避开脐部镰状韧带切开），依次切开皮肤、皮下组织（肥胖犬有丰富的脂肪层）和腹膜，打开腹腔。暴露并切开子宫。待胎儿取出后，子宫、腹膜和皮下组织等用羊肠线缝合；皮肤和部分皮下组织层结节缝合。整个手术过程一般在３０min以内。术后常规护理３d。１．２腹侧壁切开术犬一般采用右侧侧卧保定（头部…     

警犬神经活动过程与训练的关系

一、兴奋过程与训练的关系(一)兴奋过程是指当有机整体或其部分，由不活动变为活动，或由较少较弱的活动变成较多较强的活动时，就表明相应的神经中枢产生了兴奋增强的过程。     

几种外用药治疗犬蠕形螨病效果比较

犬蠕形螨病是蠕形螨科蠕形螨属的犬蠕形螨寄生于犬的毛囊和淋巴腺内引起的一种犬的顽固性皮肤病。大多数健康犬都带有蠕形螨，通常不会发病，只是在环境条件恶劣以及自身皮肤的天然防御系统尚未充分发育(幼犬)或受到破坏时才发病。犬蠕形螨病的治疗非常棘手，目前尚无能根治此病的特效药，外用药是治疗蠕形螨病的常用药物。本文通过对5种外用药治疗犬蠕形螨病效果的比较，筛选出了治疗犬蠕形螨病效果较好的外用药。     

Normal Swallowing in the Dog: A Cineradiographic Study

Normal dog swallowing dynamics were analyzed and correlated with specific structures. There were oropharyngeal, esophageal, and gastroesophageal phases. The oropharyngeal phase was characterized by food prehension and bolus formation (oral stage), reflex pharyngeal peristalsis (pharyngeal stage), and reflex cricopharyngeal sphincter relaxation (cricopharyngeal stage). The esophageal phase was characterized by primary peristalsis initiated by the oropharyngeal phase and secondary peristalsis which occurred in response to mechanical stimuli from a bolus in the esophagus. There was a post-peristalsis refractory period during which new peristalsis would not occur. Repeated rapid swallowing would, therefore, result in accumulation of ingesta in the esophagus. The gastroesophageal phase occurred when a bolus passed through the gastroesophageal junction, an area which serves as a lower esophageal sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux was observed as a normal, infrequent event followed by rapid esophageal clearance. Low doses of tranquilizers had no significant influence on swallowing function. The differences observed between sternal and lateral recumbent postures related only to the rate of food consumption which, in turn, influenced esophageal motor response and inhibited gastroesophageal closure. These differences did not adversely affect the autonomous phases of swallowing.     

犬空肠替代尿道术的研究

采用自体器官移植的思路,探索用自体部分带蒂空肠代替尿道的手术方法,以解决实际中动物因尿道结石、尿道损伤等所致的自身尿道无法正常排泄尿液的情况.经过术后观察,犬的各项生理指标均趋于正常.结果表明,此段带蒂空肠可存活,并可代替尿道,保证机体正常的尿液排泄,为犬的尿道再造术提供了一种新的方法.     

槟榔驱除犬绦虫试验效果观察

为观察槟榔对犬绦虫的驱除效果,并确定有效用量、驱虫疗程,将槟榔粉配成3种剂量：低剂量组（0.1 g/kg体重）、中剂量组（0.3 g/kg体重）和高剂量组（0.5 g/kg体重）,并采集粪便,通过饱和盐水漂浮法收集绦虫虫卵,显微镜下观察计数。结果表明,剂量0.1 g/kg体重组的转阴率达50%,剂量0.3 g/kg体重组的转阴达80%,平均转阴率有随时间变化的趋势。在考虑槟榔毒性、疗程过长带来的临床副作用等因素下,最佳剂量范围应为（0.3±0.05） g/kg体重,以1周为1个疗程,3～4 d投喂1次,可治愈犬绦虫病。     

乌苏里貉精液冷冻技术研究

为探索乌苏里貉精液冷冻技术,通过试验,筛选出了适合于乌苏里貉精液的鲜精稀释液和冷冻保护液配方,摸索出了乌苏里貉精液的冷冻程序,包括降温、平衡和预冷冻等各技术环节以及冷冻精液的最适解冻温度,解冻后在生物显微镜下观察,精子活力均在4~5级。     

The Perceptions of Dog Intelligence and Cognitive Skills (PoDIaCS) Survey

Dog cognition research is expanding, but few studies have examined people's perceptions of specific cognitive abilities in dogs. The aim of this study was to explore owner perceptions of dog cognitive abilities across different cognitive domains and to determine whether these were associated with the dog–owner relationship. We developed an online questionnaire and analyzed the results from 565 dog owners. Dog owners generally indicated the belief that dogs are socially intelligent and possess the capacity to learn social and general cognitive skills. One quarter of dog owners agreed or strongly agreed that dogs were smarter than most people, and 45.7% indicated the belief that a dog's mental ability is equal to “3-5 year old human children.” Perceived emotional owner–dog closeness correlated with all cognition ratings. A better understanding of dog cognitive abilities may help owners interpret dog behavior more appropriately, which may lead to a reduction in the number of dogs relinquished to shelters because of behavioral problems.     

昆明犬群体遗传结构及受选择基因分析

旨在以昆明犬为主要研究对象探究昆明犬-国内唯一培育并广泛使用的工作犬品种的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。本试验共采集16头昆明犬(3个品系)、4头马里努阿犬、4头德国牧羊犬血样并提取基因组DNA,用Illumina CanineHD Beadchip芯片对24头3个品种犬进行主成分分析(PCA)、STRUCTURE和邻接(NJ)树分析,检测3个品种警犬的遗传群体结构,并分析昆明犬选育中可能受到选择的候选基因。结果显示,芯片数据根据质控标准最终有86 270个SNPs被筛选出来用于分析。STRUCTURE群体结构分析表明,K=2时德国牧羊犬(DM)和其他品种犬完全区分开来,K=3时马里努阿犬(ML)可以和其他两个品种区分出来,昆明犬中存在部分德国牧羊犬的杂合。PCA和NJ树分析均能将3个品种犬清楚地分开。通过在常染色体上设置500 kb的滑动窗口和将这些区域注释后得到22个在昆明犬品种形成过程中可能受到正选择的基因,主要是参与腺苷酸环化酶活化g蛋白偶联受体信号通路的基因及蛋白和在神经元轴突的生长锥中影响轴突和前导突起生长的基因。本研究探讨了中国昆明犬与其他品种犬的遗传关系,为昆明犬受到强烈的人工选择而产生调节学习、记忆、应激刺激等适应的遗传机制提供了重要的参考。     

獒本杂交犬肥育技术研究

通过对獒本杂交犬初生、断奶、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄公母犬体高、体长、胸围、管围及体重等肥育指标的测定分析说明,獒本杂交犬在育成阶段有较快的生长速度,比本地土种犬高40%。增重的高峰期为断奶至6个月龄阶段,其中尤以3~6月龄为突出。公母犬3~6月龄的平均日增重分别可达到191.11 g/d和188.89 g/d。     

貉早期胚胎发育内环境的研究

为研究貉早期胚胎发育体内微环境变化,试验选用年龄相同、体重相似的成年健康母貉23只,在繁殖季节自然交配,并受配1～2次,以第1次交配为零点开始计时,分别于初配后29～99h(n=7)、100～126h(n=7)、169～268h(n=9)随机处死貉,用免疫组化、透射及扫描电镜的方法研究貉早期胚胎发育过程中输卵管和子宫的形态学和超微结构变化;用X射线能谱技术对貉输卵管液和子宫液中的钾、钙、铁、锌等9种元素进行测定。结果显示:①随着貉早期胚胎的发育,其后期输卵管长度、黏膜厚度、皱襞高度和上皮高度均显著减小(P<0.05),输卵管直径有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);子宫黏膜厚度、皱襞高度及子宫腺密度均显著增加(P<0.05),子宫的直径和长度有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。②随着貉早期胚胎的发育,貉子宫黏膜上皮微绒毛、脂滴和溶酶体含量增多。③随着貉早期胚胎的发育,其后期输卵管液中硫、钙、铁、铜和锌元素含量均显著升高(P<0.05),磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),而钾、氯和钠含量呈波动性变化;子宫液中硫、氯、钾的相对含量逐渐降低(P>0.05),锌的相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),磷、钙、铁和铜的含量呈波动性变化。本试验初步揭示了貉早期胚胎发育内环境的变化,为貉胚胎体外培养体系的建立提供参考。     

The Nasal Septum of the Dog: Is It Visible RadiographicaIly?

Occlusal nasal radiographs of a normal dog taken before and after resection of the cartilaginous nasal septum were compared. No differences were seen in the midline linear radiopacities previously referred to as the nasal septum. It is concluded that the cartilaginous nasal septum is not visible radiographically and that the midline linear radiopacities visible in normal dogs are the vomer bone.