Glycoalkaloid content and chemical composition of potatoes improved with nonconventional breeding approaches

This paper reports the results of chemical analyses performed on two distinct groups of new potato genotypes. The first group contained five clones transformed with the gene ech42 encoding for an endochitinase. The second included 21 interspecific hybrids between the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum and the wild species S. commersonii, obtained either by somatic fusion or by sexual hybridization. Tubers from transgenic plants were analyzed for several morphological and biochemical parameters to ascertain the substantial equivalence between the transgenic genotypes and the original cultivar Désirée. The interspecific hybrids were analyzed for the same parameters in order to identify genotypes with novel improved chemical characteristics and with low levels of glycoalkaloids deriving from the wild species and potentially hazardous to human health. For transgenic tubers, the results provided evidence that indicates the substantial equivalence between the transgenic genotypes and the cultivated control for the considered traits. The results suggest that chitinase gene insertion did not alter other metabolic pathways of potato tubers and did not cause unintentional pleiotropic effects. As far as interspecific hybrids are concerned, wide variability for all of the parameters analyzed was found. For some useful traits (e.g., soluble solids and proteins, dry matter content) the interspecific hybrids performed better than both the cultivated control and the wild species. In a number of genotypes, glycoalkaloid levels were close to or lower than those of the control varieties, suggesting that selection for low glycoalkaloid content is possible. The results also indicated that glycoalkaloids from S. commersonii may be lost rapidly. Indeed, some hybrids were found to have the same glycoalkaloid profile as S. tuberosum. Finally, the results showed that among the parameters considered, glycoalkaloid content is the most sensitive to variation. Therefore, glycoalkaloid determination should be used for routine control of genotypes produced by interspecific hybridization.     

Advantages of Wild Diploid Solanum Species Over Cultivated Diploid Relatives in Potato Breeding Programs

For breeding programs of the tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum), both wild and cultivated diploid relatives are valuable sources of genetic diversity. While both types of germplasm are used in breeding programs, there are several advantages to using wild relatives. Diploid relatives are typically crossed with haploids (2n = 2x = 24) from tetraploid S. tuberosum to improve daylength adaptation. Most haploids are male sterile, so they are typically used as female parents. Cultivated diploids, such as members of the Phureja Group, produce male sterile hybrids when crossed as females to haploids; wild relatives, such as S. tarijense, often produce male fertile hybrids. Tuber yield following crosses of haploids to cultivated or wild relatives is often high. However, cultivated relatives generally produce hybrids with a high set of small tubers; hybrids from wild relatives are variable, but many are similar to cultivars in tuber size and set. While tubers of hybrids from cultivated relatives are typically rough, with deep eyes and raised internodes, those from wild relatives are often smooth. Tuber dormancy in hybrids with cultivated relatives is generally short, while that in hybrids with wild species is longer, allowing for storage over winter. Finally, resistance to several major diseases and stresses has been found in wild species and their hybrids with S. tuberosum haploids. The desirable traits in hybrids are transmitted to tetraploids via unilateral sexual polyploidization (4x × 2x or 2x × 4x crosses in which the diploid parent produces 2n gametes). Wild Solanum species are recommended for use in potato breeding programs as sources of genetic diversity that can be adapted easily following hybridization with S. tuberosum haploids.     

Hybridization barriers between diploid Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanum raphanifolium

Wild potato germplasm represents a unique, diverse and accessible resource for disease and pest resistance, along with useful agronomic traits that may be introgressed into the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Hybridization of diploid wild Solanum species with haploids (2×) of cultivated potato (4×) is generally an effective technique for introducing genetic diversity and desirable traits into potato. However, in this study, hybridization barriers were found in crosses between S. tuberosum haploids and the wild species S. raphanifolium. Male sterility, likely due to nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, was observed in some haploid tbr?×?S. raphanifolium hybrids. In addition, pollen-pistil incompatibilities were observed in backcross, F2, and reciprocal cross hybridization attempts that failed to produce seed. More crosses were successful when F1 clones were crossed as females to wild clones than to cultivated clones. When crosses were made in the other direction, with F1 hybrids used as male parents, seeds were almost never produced.     

Inheritance of morphological characters and glycoalkaloids in potatoes of somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum acauleand tetraploid Solanum tuberosum.

Steroidal glycoalkaloids occur in potatoes and are reported to impart resistance to phytopathogens including bacteria, fungi, and insects. Because glycoalkaloids can be passed to progenies during breeding programs designed to develop improved potatoes, it is of importance to determine the quality of desired characteristics and the composition of glycoalkaloids of new somatic hybrids. The objective of this study was to determine the appearance, size, and shape (morphological characters) as well as the glycoalkaloid content of potato tubers of somatic hybrids between tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cv. Dejima (2n = 4x = 48 chromosomes) and the dihaploid clone ATDH-1 (2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes) induced by anther culture from Solanum acuale-T (acl-T, 2n = 4x = 48 chromosomes). Tuber size and shape in somatic hybrids were in accord with those of cv. Dejima, whereas the tuber skin color resembled that of ATDH-1. Thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry studies showed that the two steroidal glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine) were present in the tubers of S. tuberosum, whereas acl-T and ATDH-1 tubers were found to contain alpha-tomatine and demissine. The concentrations of total glycoalkaloids in both acl-T and ATDH-1 was >100 mg/100 g of fresh weight tuber cortex, much higher than in S. tuberosum. All somatic hybrids, except one clone, contained four glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, alpha-tomatine, and demissine) derived from the fusion parents. The lack of alpha-tomatine in the remaining clone may be due to somaclonal variation. The results show that character expression is influenced by ploidy level and that total glycoalkaloid levels in most somatic hybrids were intermediate between those of the fusion parents. The possible significance of these findings for plant breeding and food safety is discussed.     

The introgression of 2× 1EBN <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis> species into the cultivated potato using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum verrucosum</Emphasis> as a bridge

Wild diploid Solanum species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of one are a rich source of disease resistance, pest resistance, and tuber quality traits. They are not sexually compatible with 4× 4EBN or 2× 2EBN forms of the cultivated potato. In this study, the wild 2× 2EBN Mexican species S. verrucosum (ver) was used as a bridge species to access 2× 1EBN germplasm. Hybrids (V1) were created between ver as a female parent and the 1EBN species S. cardiophyllum, S. chancayense, S. commersonii, and S. trifidum. Most of the V1 hybrids were successfully crossed as females to cultivated 2× 2EBN clones. However, due to stylar barriers, reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. Additional studies are underway to determine the effectiveness of ver as a bridge to introgress specific traits from 2× 1EBN germplasm into the cultivated potato.     

Genetic diversity of thiamin and folate in primitive cultivated and wild potato (Solanum) species

Biofortification of staple crops like potato via breeding is an attractive strategy to reduce human micronutrient deficiencies. A prerequisite is metabolic phenotyping of genetically diverse material which can potentially be used as parents in breeding programs. Thus, the natural genetic diversity of thiamin and folate contents was investigated in indigenous cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum group Andigenum) and wild potato species (Solanum section Petota). Significant differences were found among clones and species. For about 50% of the clones there were variations in thiamin and folate contents between years. Genotypes which contained over 2-fold the thiamin and 4-fold the folate content compared to the modern variety Russet Burbank were identified and should be useful material to integrate in breeding programs which aim to enhance the nutritional value of potato. Primitive cultivars and wild species with widely different amounts of thiamin and folate will also be valuable tools to explore their respective metabolic regulation.     

A Potato Collecting Expedition in the Province of Jujuy,Argentina and Disease Indexing of Virus and Fungus Pathogens in Andean Cultivars

A potato collecting expedition was carried out in the province of Jujuy, Argentina in March 24 to April 15, 2001. The objective was to collect local cultivars of potatoes and wild potato species, covering high mountain valleys not previously collected or areas where germplasm was not available. A total of 247 accessions was collected, 188 cultivated accessions of S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum, four of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, two of S. curtilobum and 53 accessions of wild species. The wild species collected were S. acaule subsp. acaule, S. chacoense, S. infundibuliforme, S. megistacrolobum subsp. megistacrolobum, S. microdontum, S. gourlayi, S. × viirsooi and S. oplocense. Herbarium voucher specimens were obtained when possible. For the collection of cultivated potatoes, tubers were gathered from farmer's fields and in a few cases from stores or markets. Seed samples were generally obtained for the wild species. Detailed collection site data were recorded at every site. After breaking dormancy, the accessions of the cultivated species were screened for the presence of Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus V (PVV), Andean potato latent virus (APLV), Andean potato mottle virus (APMoV), Potato rough dwarf virus (PRDV), Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. PSTVd, APLV and PRDV were not detected, but different levels of infection are reported for the other pathogens assayed.     

Genetic diversity and origin of cultivated potatoes based on plastid microsatellite polymorphism

The origin of cultivated potatoes has remaining questions. In this study, 237 accessions of all cultivated species and 155 accessions of wild species closely related to cultivated potatoes, including their putative ancestors, were analyzed using 15 plastid microsatellites (SSRs) to investigate genetic diversity and their relationships with the wild species. We here used polymorphic plastid SSRs we developed from potato plastid genome sequences as well as already known plastid SSR markers. All 15 loci were polymorphic and identified a total of 127 haplotypes. Dramatic decreases in levels of genetic diversity were revealed in landraces in comparison with wild ancestor species. The plastid SSR results showed a decrease in haplotype number and diversity from Peru to both north and south. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct groups. One of them, group A, contained the majority of accessions of cultivated species of the Solanum tuberosum Andigenum group including all accessions of cultivated diploid and triploid cytotypes of this group (S. chaucha, S. phureja, and S. stenotomum by a former taxonomic system) and most of tetraploid accessions of the S. tuberosum Andigenum group (S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum), and the majority of accessions of wild ancestors from the northern members of the S. brevicaule complex. Another group B comprised most of the wild species accessions and almost exclusively hybrid cultivated species which have introgressed plastid genomes from the other wild gene pools. Lack of clustering of traditional cultivated species (as used above) support a revised group classification of S. tuberosum.     

营养水平对马铃薯块茎发育中激素、产量和品质的影响

以台湾红皮（Cardinal）为试验材料,研究了不同营养水平对马铃薯块茎发育过程中内源激素行为的影响及对产量和品质形成的影响。结果表明,过低、过高的营养供给,降低了块茎发育前期细胞分裂素（ZT）的含量,中期细胞生长素（IAA）的含量以及促进块茎发育的脱落酸（ABA）、茉莉酸（JA）含量,增加了各时期促进匍匐茎发生的赤霉素（GA）含量,导致在块茎形成和膨大的关键时期,GA/ABA和GA/JA比值失衡,抑制了块茎的正常发育。而合理营养水平供给,保持了前期较高水平的ZT含量,中期较高的ABA、IAA、JA含量和较低的GA含量,保证了块茎发育各时期对重要激素的需要,GA/ABA和GA/JA在块茎发育各时期也保持在合理的水平。结果还表明,过低、过高的营养供给,有利于马铃薯可溶性糖的形成,但不利于后期淀粉的形成,同时缩短了块茎快速增长期的时间。     

A microsatellite and morphological assessment of the Russian National cultivated potato collection

The germplasm collections of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, Russia represent the first germplasm collection made for potatoes, now numbering 8,680 accessions. It has tremendous historical and practical importance and a rich history, having been used to document a polyploid series in the cultivated species, to formulate initial taxonomic hypotheses in potato, for studies of interspecific hybridization, and serving as the germplasm base for Russian breeding efforts. Despite its importance and size, there has never been a study of its molecular diversity, and there were many gaps in its passport data. The purpose of the present study is to obtain morphological, ploidy, and microsatellite (SSR) data needed to set up a useful subset of the collection of cultivated potatoes and closely related wild species, and to use this collection to study cultivated potato taxonomy and phylogeny. Through assessments of viability, passport data, and chromosome counts, we selected a subset of 238 cultivated and 54 wild accessions. A morphological and nuclear SSR study of these collections distinguished only three cultivated species: Solanum curtilobum, S. juzepczukii and S. tuberosum, not the many more cultivated potato species of prior taxonomic treatments. The SSR study supports the ideas of S. acaule as one of the parental species for S. curtilobum and S. juzepczukii. The morphological and SSR results are very similar to other recent studies of cultivated species, and show the need to reclassify the collection of cultivated potatoes by modern taxonomic criteria.     

Genetic diversity of Bolivian wild potato germplasm: changes during ex situ conservation management and comparisons with resampled in situ populations

Potato wild relatives are important sources of novel variation for the genetic improvement of the cultivated potato. Consequently, many natural populations have been sampled and were deposited as accessions in gene banks around the world. Here we investigate to what extent the genetic variation of Bolivian wild potato species is maintained under gene bank conditions and how this diversity relates to that of current in situ populations. For this purpose, materials from seven potato species were screened for microsatellite variation. Genetic changes between different generations of ex situ germplasm were not observed for Solanum leptophyes and S. megistacrolobum, but were detected for S. neocardenasii and S. okadae, while each of the species S. acaule, S. avilesii and S. berthaultii showed stability in some cases and genetic change in others. The observed changes were ascribed to genetic drift and contamination resulting from human error during regeneration. Re-collected populations of six of the studied species showed highly significant genetic differences with the ex situ accessions that, apart from changes during ex situ maintenance, are most likely to be attributed to sampling effects during collecting and in situ genetic changes over time. The implications of the results for ex situ and in situ conservation strategies of wild potato species are discussed.     

垄沟集雨覆盖对旱作马铃薯块茎淀粉颗粒形态、颗粒分布及糊化特性的影响

为探讨垄沟集雨覆盖栽培对旱作马铃薯块茎形成过程中淀粉颗粒形态、颗粒分布及糊化特性的影响,以马铃薯栽培品种青薯9号为材料,设置全膜双垄(M2)和地膜垄作(M1)覆盖栽培模式,以露地平播为对照(MO),采用扫描电镜、激光粒度仪、粘度分析仪,测定马铃薯块茎形成过程中淀粉的颗粒形态、分布及糊化特性指标.结果表明,从块茎发育全程...     

Effect of selenate supplementation on glycoalkaloid content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) supplemented with increasing amounts of sodium selenate were analyzed for glycoalkaloid (GA) content. GAs were extracted with 5% acetic acid from freeze-dried tubers of two potato cultivars, Satu and Sini, harvested 10 weeks after planting as immature. The GAs alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine were quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with diode array detection. Two independent experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the total GA concentration +/- standard error of the tubers ranged between 105 +/- 9 and 124 +/- 10 mg kg(-1) fresh weight in Satu and between 194 +/- 26 and 228 +/- 10 mg kg(-1) fresh weight in Sini. The ratio of alpha-solanine to alpha-chaconine was 0.2 in Satu and 0.5-0.6 in Sini. In the second experiment, the total GA concentration +/- standard error was 75 +/- 4 to 96 +/- 11 mg kg(-1) fresh weight, and the ratio of alpha-solanine to alpha-chaconine was 0.3-0.4 in Satu. A high sodium selenate supplementation (0.9 mg of Se kg(-1) quartz sand) slightly decreased the GA content in Satu, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Furthermore, at this addition level the Se concentration increased to a very high level of 20 microg g(-1) dry weight, which cannot be recommended for human consumption. In both experiments, the Se concentration in tubers increased with increasing sodium selenate application levels. Our results show that acceptable application levels of selenate did not have an effect on the GA concentration in immature potato tubers.     

Variation in tuber mineral concentrations among accessions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis> species held in the Commonwealth Potato Collection

The variation in tuber mineral concentrations amongst accessions of wild tuber-bearing Solanum species in the Commonwealth Potato Collection (CPC) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Selected CPC accessions, representing the eco-geographical distribution of wild potatoes, were grown to maturity in peat-based compost under controlled conditions. Tubers from five plants of each accession were harvested, bulked and their mineral composition analysed. Among the germplasm investigated, there was a greater range in tuber concentrations of some elements of nutritional significance to both plants and animals, such as Ca, Fe and Zn (6.7-fold, 3.6-fold, and 4.5-fold, respectively) than others, such as K, P and S (all less than threefold). Significant positive correlations were found between mean altitude of the species’ range and tuber P, K, Cu and Mg concentrations. The amount of diversity observed in the CPC collection indicates the existence of wide differences in tuber mineral accumulation among different potato accessions. This might be useful in breeding for nutritional improvement of potato tubers.     

Effects of selenium treatments on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and concentrations of soluble sugars and starch

The effect of selenium (Se) treatments on potato growth and Se, soluble sugar, and starch accumulation was investigated. Potato plants were cultivated in quartz sand without or with sodium selenate (0, 0.075, 0.3 mg Se kg(-1) sand). In young potato plants, Se treatment resulted in higher starch concentrations in upper leaves. The tuber yield of Se-treated potato plants was higher and composed of relatively few but large tubers. At harvest, the starch concentration in tubers did not differ significantly between treatments. The higher Se addition (0.3 mg Se kg(-1)) may have delayed the aging of stolons and roots, which was observed as high concentrations of soluble sugar and starch. Together with the earlier results showing elevated starch concentration in Se-treated lettuce, the findings of this research justify the conclusion that Se has positive effects also on potato carbohydrate accumulation and possibly on yield formation.     

Patterns of solanidine glycoalkaloid variation in four gene pools of the cultivated potato

Patterns of variation for the solanidine-based glycoalkaloids have been determined for tuber material of genebank accessions of landraces of the cultivated potato and three closely-related wild species. Total levels were low in the cultivated taxa investigated,S. phureja, S. stenotomum, and the tetraploidS. tuberosum in its two formsS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum andS. tuberosum ssp.andigena. The only solanidine-based glycolkaloids found in the tubers investigated in this study were-solanine and-chaconine, with one additional related compound, dehydrocommersonine, found in tubers of an accession ofS. canasense. The ratio of chaconine : solanine differed markedly from a mean of 0.98 inS. phureja to 2.28 in ChileanS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum. The chaconine : solanine ratio was relatively constant within these two taxa, reflecting their relatively narrow genetic bases, but was much more variable within the taxa regarded as ancestral,S. stenotomum andS. tuberosum ssp.andigena. The wild speciesS. sparsipilum has been implicated in the origin of the tetraploid potato,S. tuberosum, but there was no support for this from the patterns of variation in chaconine : solanine ratio. The cline of chaconine : solanine ratios in cultivated potatoes along the spine of S. America does not appear to relate to the influence of local wild species through introgression, but may instead reflect differing selective pressures acting in different parts of the native range of the cultivated potato.     

Cytological mechanisms of 2n pollen formation in the wild potato Solanum okadae and pollen-pistil relations with the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum

Solanum okadae Hawkes et Hjert is a wild diploid potato species endemic to Argentina and Bolivia, of potential breeding value. However, no genetic studies have been carried out with this species and its crossability relations with the common tetraploid potato, S. tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum, are unknown. Furthermore, accessions from both countries differed in their morphological phenotypes. To ascertain the feasibility of incorporating this wild germplasm into cultivated potato, 2n pollen screening was carried out in 10 accessions and families derived from crosses between accessions; also, pollen-pistil compatibility relations were studied in reciprocal interspecific crosses. Plants of four of the 10 accessions produced 2n pollen (0.1 to 5.0%) and 4n pollen (0.0 to 3.0%). Parallel and tripolar spindles at Anaphase II were the cytological mechanisms involved in 2n pollen formation; lack of chromosome migration in both meiotic divisions originated the 4n pollen. Both full compatibility and incompatibility at various sites along the pistil were observed in the S. tuberosum × S. okadae combinations; most reciprocal combinations were incompatible. Compatible genotypes produced 2n pollen. However, only a few seeds were obtained and chromosome counts could not be carried out in the hybrid progeny because seedlings died at an early stage. The pollen-pistil barriers are incomplete and can be circumvented by the appropiate choice of parents. The identification of the post-zygotic barriers will be the focus of further studies.     

垄沟集雨覆盖对旱作马铃薯块茎淀粉合成关键酶活性、基因表达及淀粉累积的影响

为探讨垄沟集雨覆盖栽培对旱作马铃薯块茎形成过程中淀粉合成关键酶活性、基因表达及淀粉累积的影响,以马铃薯栽培品种青薯9号为材料,设置全膜双垄和地膜垄作覆盖栽培模式,以露地平播为对照,测定马铃薯块茎形成过程中淀粉合成关键酶活性、基因表达及淀粉累积指标。结果表明,从块茎发育全过程来看,全膜双垄和地膜垄作覆盖栽培马铃薯可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性分别较露地平播显著提高77.70%、22.63%,可溶性淀粉合成酶SSIII基因表达量分别较露地平播显著提高32.26%、119.35%,同时,ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)、颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性和ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶AGPase、可溶性淀粉合成酶SSII、颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶GBSSI、淀粉分支酶SBEI、淀粉分支酶SBEII基因表达量均明显降低,而淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性无显著变化;全膜双垄覆盖栽培马铃薯总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及直/支链淀粉比较露地平播分别提高5.04%、17.57%和27.81%,达到显著水平,而地膜垄作明显降低了马铃薯总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及直/支链淀粉比;SSS活性与GBSSI基因表达量呈显著负相关,与直链淀粉含量及直/支链淀粉比呈显著正相关,其他淀粉合成关键酶活性均与基因表达量、淀粉累积指标无明显相关性。本研究结果对筛选青海东部旱区马铃薯适宜的淀粉优质生产措施具有重要意义。     

Diversity studies in genetic resources of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis> spp. (section Petota) by comparative application of ISAP markers

The Genebank at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) harbours three different potato collections comprising 2846 wild potato accessions, 2757 accessions of cultivars, landraces and breeding material of Solanum tuberosum L. and 579 Solanum clones originating mainly from South and Central America (as of July 2016). The three collections are maintained via seeds, in vitro culture, cryopreservation or in the field. All four processes are labour and cost intensive. Therefore, methods facilitating the efficient management and maintenance of the collections are needed. We describe the experimental application of the retrotransposon-based Inter-SINE amplified polymorphism (ISAP) marker system for supporting the management of potato collections. Three ISAP primer combinations were evaluated on a set of 259 cultivated and 89 wild potato accessions focussing on three different aspects: diversity analysis, duplicate identification and phylogenetic studies. Compared to up to 29 microsatellites, ISAPs were similarly efficient in monitoring genetic diversity and detecting duplicated accessions. In addition, the three ISAP primer combinations could be applied to wild potato species, although their use in phylogenetic studies is limited due to their highly polymorphic nature. Generally, ISAPs are a very valuable tool in the maintenance of clonally maintained potato collections and for the verification of the identity of accessions.     

Fertility Response of Potato to Municipal Wastewater and Inorganic Fertilizers

This study evaluated fertilizer contribution of municipal wastewater on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation in a split-plot experiment having two factors: water quality with 5 levels and fertilizer with 2 levels. Irrigation by raw wastewater supplied 16, 13, 13, 23, 1.7, and 83% of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) requirement of potato, respectively. Wastewater compared to freshwater, improved plant height, vigority, area coverage, leaf area index (LAI), stem per plant, number and weight of tuber per plant, above-ground dry matter (ADM), and tuber yield of potato. Averaged over 3 years, irrigation by 75 and 100% (raw) wastewater with recommended standard fertilizers produced the maximum, but identical, tuber yield. Wastewater raised N, P, and K contents in potato plants and tubers. Irrigation by wastewater could reduce the fertilizer requirement of potato by 10–15%. However, it caused high accumulation of total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) on potato skin, restricting the use of the produce.