6种饲用玉米品种生产性能比较

试验选择了甘玉23、沈丹16、豫玉22、晋丹60、阳光1号、豫青贮23号6个饲用玉米品种,采用小区种植试验方法,对生产性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,甘玉23表现叶长、叶片数、鲜草产量、经济效益方面均明显优于其它各品种,适合在本地区推广应用。     

青海东部农业干旱区6个饲用玉米品种生产性能的比较

为了筛选适合青海东部干旱地区高产饲用玉米品种,采用单因素随机排列,比较了6个饲用玉米品种生产性能和种植效益。结果表明:豫青贮23株高达288.62 cm,显著高于其他品种;豫玉22鲜草平均产量13.57×10^(4)kg/hm^(2),与豫青贮23和甘玉23平均产量间差异不显著;豫玉22盈利达1.60×104元/hm^(2),较豫青贮23和甘玉23分别提高16.79%和18.52%。从综合表现来看,豫玉22、豫青贮23和甘玉233个饲用玉米品种在青海东部干旱地区具有高产性能和较高的经济效益,值得大力推广应用。     

饲用玉米在乐都地区的引种及适应性研究

海东市乐都区为引进适合当地种植的饲用玉米品种,在浅山和川水两地进行了在周边地区种植表现较优的五个品种:豫玉22号、甘玉23号、豫玉贮23号、沈单16号、金穗青贮1号的品比试验,对其在不同时期的植株高度、叶片数;收获时期的鲜草产量、茎叶比、干鲜比进行了测定。结果表明豫玉22号、甘玉23号、豫玉贮23号三个品种各方面性状表现较优,适合乐都地区引种推广种植。     

乐都区饲用玉米品种比较试验

为研究5个饲用玉米品种的生产性能,在海东市乐都区进行了品种比较研究,结果表明:豫玉22号、甘玉23号,豫青贮23号的产量均较沈单16号、金穗青贮1号有明显的增产,可以在本地区推广应用。     

施肥量对饲用玉米甘玉23号产量的影响

在民和县马场垣乡团结村,通过不同施肥量对饲用玉米品种甘玉23号产量的影响进行比较试验。表明:在施肥量为磷酸二铵(含N64%)225kg/hm2、尿素(含N46%)300kg/hm2时,甘玉23号饲用玉米在不同生育期株高和成熟期的鲜草产量明显优于其他两个施肥量。该施肥量应该在当地甘玉23号饲用玉米的种植中大面积推广应用。     

黄河三角洲饲用玉米引种筛选试验初报

选择不同的饲用型玉米(Zea mays)品种(系),粮饲兼用型玉米品种作对照,进行引种试验,通过观测其生育期、农艺性状、抗性、鲜草产量、干草产量等,筛选适合黄河三角洲地区夏播种植的饲用型玉米品种。结果表明,除雅玉青贮26外,供试青贮玉米品种(系)鲜草产量都高于对照品种,桂青贮1号鲜草产量较高(69 802.5kg·hm~(-2)),茎秆强韧抗倒,茎叶比较小(1.833),饲用品质好。综合分析认为,桂青贮1号适合在黄河三角洲地区作为饲用玉米主栽品种夏播推广种植。     

不同优质高产青贮玉米新品种生产性能及营养价值评价

通过田间试验对10个青贮玉米新品种在张掖市灌溉农业区生产性能进行了评价研究。结果表明:产量方面,生物产量相对较好品种为"正德305"、"北农208"、"豫青贮23"。饲用品质方面,饲用品质相对较好品种为"豫青贮23"、"正德305"、"丰贮1号"。综合评价筛选出适宜于在张掖市灌溉农业区种植推广的青贮玉米新品种为"豫青贮23"、"正德305"、"丰贮1号"和"北农208"。     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区饲用玉米引种筛选试验研究

为筛选适宜干旱半干旱黄土高原丘陵沟壑区种植的高产优质饲用玉米新品种,在甘肃省定西市的安定区、通渭县、陇西县开展了 12个饲用玉米引种品比试验.结果表明,文玉3号、雅玉青贮26、京九青贮23、西蒙青贮707、五谷8567五个品种的株高和鲜草产量居前5位,株高3.34～3.54 m,鲜草产量127 200～142 550 ...     

宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种高丹草、饲用高粱、青贮玉米营养及饲用价值评定

试验旨在筛选适合引黄灌区麦后复种饲用高粱、高丹草和青贮玉米品种,引进13个优质品种采用随机区组试验设计。结果显示:饲用高粱鲜草产量高于高丹草和青贮玉米品种,高丹草3901在鲜草产量、株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶长、叶面积显著高于CFSH30 (P0.05)。青贮玉米叶面积最大,与高丹草中三个品种相比差异显著(P0.05)。复种饲用高粱、高丹草、青贮玉米品种各农艺性状相关性分析表明,鲜草产量与茎粗、株高显著正相关,茎粗与叶片数、叶宽、叶面积极显著正相关。复种牧草营养成分测定、饲用价值评定结果表明,复种青贮玉米品种饲用价值较好,评定为特级,高丹草、饲用高粱品种等级评定均在3级以上。综合提示,饲用高粱3701、高丹草3901和饲用玉米屯玉168优势相对突出,可作为宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种生产优质饲草的主推品种。     

青贮玉米引种栽培试验

青贮玉米1号、青贮玉米2号和墨西哥饲用玉米品种在试验区种植适应性好,鲜草产量分别为127725.0kg·hm-2、131625.0kg·hm-2和180465.0kg·hm-2,分别比当地普通玉米增产59.8%、64.6%和125.7%,青贮后品质优良,肉牛喜食,有很重要的推广利用价值。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -