黄河流域棉区一膜三行棉花全程机械化生产模式及示范效果

近年来，黄河流域棉区棉花生产呈现结构性萎缩态势。为突破黄河流域棉花生产技术瓶颈，补齐棉花生产全程机械化发展短板，借鉴新疆棉花全程机械化生产模式，山东省无棣县建立了棉花生产全程机械化试验示范基地，探索适合当地农艺要求的一膜三行棉花全程机械化生产技术。对该技术要点进行了介绍，并分析了示范效果，以期为该技术在黄河流域的推广应用提供参考。     

黄河三角洲地区棉花机械化采收配套农艺技术要点

<正>为提高棉花生产机械化水平,提高棉花生产劳动效率,发展棉花规模化生产,增加棉农收入,山东省东营市自2013年开始棉花机械化采收试验示范,2015年棉花机械化采收面积达到1333.3hm2,所用采棉机为"凯斯420""凯斯620"。棉花机械化采收对配套农艺技术要求较高,要想全面实现棉花机械化采收,必须对与其配套的农艺技术不断总结与完善。1选择适宜品种     

棉花“七改一增”简化栽培技术

山东省东营市旱薄、盐碱地较多,适宜于发展棉花生产。为了提高棉花生产机械化水平,减少用工,提高棉花生产效率与效益,增加棉农收入,我们对几年来国内棉花简化栽培技术试验示范结果及本市棉花机械化采收试验示范结果进行了归纳总结,提出了棉花“七改一增”栽培技术。     

近几年山东省棉花生产情况及稳定发展的对策建议

分析2008-2013年山东省棉花生产发展情况，植棉效益、机械化程度低和政策支持不够是影响棉花生产和农民植棉积极性降低的主要原因。为此提出了加大政策支持、发展现代植棉业等稳定发展山东省棉花生产的对策建议。     

从聊城植棉情况谈抗虫棉轻简化生产技术

通过对山东省聊城市植棉情况的调研,简要回顾了山东省聊城市历史上植棉情况以及棉花生产大发展的原因,客观地分析了当前棉花生产面临棉农植棉积极性不高,植棉面积持续下滑等难题。指出了棉花发展的根本出路在于实施节本增效的棉花轻简化机械化生产新技术,以保持棉花生产的可持续发展。     

2017年山东省植棉面积呈持平或略减态势

根据2016年底对山东省7个主产棉市调查，2017年山东省植棉面积呈持平或略减态势。为促进山东棉花生产转型升级，提出了加快棉田耕作制度创新、推广棉花生产全程机械化、抓好科技兴棉工作的工作思路，并提出了相关建议。     

澳大利亚棉花考察报告

通过对澳大利亚棉花生产考察,深入了解了澳大利亚棉区分布、气候特征、植棉历史与现状等;概述了澳大利亚植棉技术,包括种植制度、棉花品种、播种条件与时间选择、株行距配置、棉花营养与施肥、棉花灌溉与水分管理、化学调控与脱叶技术、病虫害防治技术、棉花机械化及精准农业等内容;探讨了澳大利亚棉花的生产经营方式、澳大利亚和中国棉花的贸易及投资。     

鄱阳湖棉5区棉花生产的机械化与轻简化设想

通过阐述鄱阳湖棉区棉花生产的现状,分析棉花生产存在的主要问题和发展机械化与轻简化的优势,描述了鄱阳湖棉区棉花生产中发展机械化与轻简化的意义与应遵循的原则,介绍了适合鄱阳湖棉区应用的机械化与轻简化技术,最终提出了鄱阳湖棉区棉花生产的机械化与轻简化发展模式,以利于鄱阳湖棉区加快棉花生产机械化的发展,降低生产成本、提高生产效率、增强市场竞争能力。     

内蒙古西部植棉区棉花机械采收及脱叶技术规程

内蒙古西部植棉区地广人稀劳动力缺乏,棉花生产机械化采收是发展的必然要求,针对棉花机械化采收的要求、遵循内蒙古西部棉花种植区域的种植特点,本规程规范了机械采收棉花脱叶技术的农艺要求、机械要求、脱叶剂应用和采收技术等内容,建立了机械采收棉花脱叶技术标准。旨在促进内蒙古棉花生产轻简化和机械化的持续发展。     

山东省麦茬稻全程机械化生产技术

水稻生产的全程机械化是水稻产业发展的必然趋势。针对山东省麦茬稻生产中存在的机械化生产水平不高、有关技术环节不规范等问题,通过生产调研、查阅文献及试验示范,总结出山东省麦茬稻机械化育秧、整地、插秧、大田管理、收获、干燥等技术要求,形成了水稻全程机械化生产技术规程,为山东省麦茬稻区水稻全程机械化生产提供参考。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.