Multifocal odontoblastic dysplasia in a dog

A two-year-old Boerboel dog presented for a discolored left maxillary canine tooth. Dental radiographs revealed abnormally mineralized pulp within the discolored tooth. Similar radiographic findings were also seen in both maxillary third incisor teeth and in the remaining canine teeth to varying degrees. The discolored tooth was treated by surgical extraction and histopathology revealed abnormal dentin deposition within the canal indicative of dentin dysplasia. Although not previously documented in the dog, the pulpal changes in multiple teeth of the dog reported here were similar to those described for odontoblastic dysplasia in humans. This case report includes a review of developmental abnormalities of dentin in humans and pulpal response to inflammation and injury.     

Mandibular canine tooth luxation injury in a dog

A mixed breed dog was presented for lateral luxation of the mandibular left canine tooth following oral trauma. This case report describes the management of this injury including reduction, stabilization using a wire reinforced acrylic splint, and standard endodontic therapy of the mandibular left canine tooth.     

Reattachment of tooth fragment: an in vitro study

Canine tooth fracture is common in dogs. Application of an esthetic and durable restoration may be challenging in veterinary dental practice. This study used traditional human dental laboratory methods to evaluate fracture strength of intact dog canine teeth and fractured teeth that had been restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment. The results showed that the teeth restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment supported a test load equal to 45.4 % of the load necessary to fracture intact canine teeth.     

Repair of a gingival cleft associated with a maxillary canine tooth in a dog

This case report describes repair of a gingival cleft located on the labial aspect of the maxillary left canine tooth in a client-owned dog. Multiple procedures were performed including elevation of a pedicle flap, granulation tissue removal, alveoloplasty and root planing, and placement of an osteoconductive bone graft material. The surgical site was closed with a laterally repositioned flap. Postoperative examinations were performed at 2 and 3-weeks without chemical restraint and at 3 and 10-months postoperatively under general anesthesia. At the 10-month postoperative examination, a broad band of gingiva surrounded the maxillary left canine tooth, and probing revealed absence of periodontal pockets. Intraoral dental radiographs indicated maintenance of alveolar bone height and incorporation of the bone graft material into alveolar bone.     

Allogeneic tooth transplantation in the dog

Allogeneic tooth transplantation was evaluated as a functional and aesthetic treatment for dental fracture in the dog. Of 7 dogs that received tooth transplants, 5 were research animals and 2 were clinical patients. Canine teeth were transplanted immediately after extraction in the research dogs. Endodontic therapy had been performed on the affected canine tooth of one clinical patient. The other clinical patient had bilateral maxillary canine fractures 2 months earlier. One of the research dog transplants failed at 3 weeks as a result of improper surgical technique. Four of the research dogs had a solid implant for 18 months, after which time the dogs were euthanatized serially. All transplanted teeth were anchored firmly into the alveoli, but were nonviable. Root resorption, with bone replacement, was first noticed at 24 months. The transplanted tooth in the first clinical patient remained functional for 3 months, after which time the tooth was fractured. The right canine transplant in the second clinical patient failed by 3 months, probably because of preexisting periapical inflammation. The left transplanted tooth remains stable at 38 months. It was concluded that allogeneic tooth transplantation may have merit as a rapid and inexpensive method for replacement of fractured teeth in the dog. Function is compromised gradually as a result of root resorption and ankylosis, with tooth fracture likely to occur after 2 years.     

Primary bronchotomy for removal of an intrabronchial foreign body in a dog.

An 8-year-old, spayed female toy poodle presented with wounds sustained from a dog fight. The multiple orthopedic injuries present were managed surgically. Months later, a chronic cough developed secondary to an aspirated canine tooth in the mainstem bronchus of the right cranial lung that was nonresponsive to medical management. A thoracotomy and primary bronchotomy were performed to remove the aspirated tooth, resulting in complete resolution of clinical signs. Bronchial foreign bodies are rarely diagnosed in companion animals. Primary bronchotomy is an alternative to bronchoscopy or lung lobectomy in cases that do not respond to medical management.     

Intraosseous maxillary hemangioma in an immature Bassett Hound

A 6-month-old Bassett Hound dog presented for evaluation of recurrent oral bleeding and a right maxillary swelling. Oral examination revealed right maxillary enlargement extending from the level of the right maxillary canine tooth to the area of the second and third premolar teeth. A discolored persistent right maxillary deciduous canine tooth and gingival inflammation was noted. Biopsies taken at the time of extraction of the persistent deciduous canine tooth resulted in significant hemorrhage and a biopsy report of reactive bone. The right maxillary enlargement did not resolve following the extraction procedure and empirical antimicrobial therapy. The owner elected euthanasia and post-mortem evaluation. Histopathologic assessment provided a diagnosis of maxillary hemangioma.     

Fractures of the canines require attention

Hardly any attention was paid to a barely visible fracture of a canine tooth (104) in an 18-month-old dog. When the dog was 6-years old, a fistulous opening was seen on the bridge of the nose. A year later, radiography revealed a periapical process. The investigations performed and treatment given are described, as is the correct way to handle fractures of the canines.     

Maxillary dentigerous cyst in a cat

A dentigerous cyst was diagnosed in the right rostral maxilla of a 6-month-old Siamese cat affecting the maxillary right canine tooth. The deciduous maxillary right canine tooth was extracted and the dentigerous cyst wall was curetted. The permanent tooth was not removed, however it was mobile following the surgical procedure. Examination 6-months following surgery indicated appropriate development of the tooth with no mobility or periodontal pocket formation. The maxillary right canine tooth had an abnormal shape but was functional with an acceptable appearance.     

A case of papillary squamous cell carcinoma in the mandible of a young French bulldog

A 7-month-old castrated French bulldog was presented with a left-sided mandibular tumor. The initial tumor biopsy diagnosis was ameloblastoma. The owner brought this dog the Kitasato University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for more detailed examination and treatment. Computed tomography revealed a tumor on the left lateral mandibular gingiva from the caudal third of the incisor tooth to the right canine tooth, associated with severe amorphous osteolysis of the mandibular bone. The tumor was surgically excised and diagnosed as papillary squamous cell carcinoma. Currently, 2514 d (6.9 y) since the operation, the dog is healthy, without recurrence.Key clinical message:Although papillary squamous cell carcinoma is rare, many cases have been reported in the oral cavity of medium-to large-sized dogs. Based on this report, papillary squamous cell carcinoma can occur in small dogs such as young French bulldogs and a good prognosis can be achieved with proper resection.     

Extensive bilateral odontogenic cysts in the mandible of a dog

A 5-year-old female neutered Boxer dog was diagnosed with extensive odontogenic cysts that affected the left and right mandibles. Rostral mandibular swelling was detectable clinically, and bilateral cystic mandibular lesions were identified radiographically. The dog's owners elected for euthanasia. A full postmortem was performed. Cystic cavities were confirmed in the body of each mandible, extending from the incisor teeth to the mid premolar region. Incisor, canine, and premolar tooth roots indented each cavity. Histologic examination of the cystic cavities reflected an inner lining of attenuated stratified squamous epithelium overlying a fibrous layer infiltrated by a mixed, predominantly mononuclear, inflammatory infiltrate.     

Mandibular ossifying fibroma in a dog

An aged mongrel dog was admitted for hemimandibulectomy as treatment for a mandibular mass that had been diagnosed as osteosarcoma. The fibro-osseous mass that surrounded the first molar tooth and replaced alveolar and cortical bone was reclassified as ossifying fibroma on the basis of anatomic location and histologic features. The tumor was composed of isomorphic fusiform cells with few mitotic figures. Tumoral stroma contained trabeculae of woven bone that were bordered by a single layer of osteoblasts. Excision was deemed complete with no evidence of extension or metastasis by computed tomography of the skull or thoracic and abdominal radiography. The dog was reportedly healthy 6 months after initial presentation. Though far less common than osteosarcoma as a primary canine bone tumor, ossifying fibroma should be included in the differential diagnosis for fibro-osseous proliferations, especially those of the jaw. Although benign, en bloc excision may be necessary for surgical cure.     

Achievable convergence angle and the effect of preparation design on the clinical outcome of full veneer crowns in dogs

It is widely accepted that the convergence angle of a full veneer crown preparation should be as close to parallel as possible to attain adequate retention/resistance. The shape of the dog's canine tooth limits the veterinary dentists' ability to achieve the recommended convergence angle. However, the clinically achievable convergence angle of the canine tooth in dogs has not been evaluated. In addition, the convergence angle and other physical properties of a preparation, such as height and base diameter, have been shown to affect the retention/resistance of full veneer crowns, in vitro. This effect has not been evaluated clinically in the dog. Physical properties of 32 stone dies from full veneer crowns of canine teeth were studied to evaluate the clinically achievable convergence angle and the potential effect physical properties of the preparation had on the clinical outcome of the restoration. The clinically achievable convergence angle was much higher than the current recommendation. There was an association, albeit not statistically significant, between physical properties of a preparation (convergence angle, height, base diameter) and the clinical outcome of the restoration.     

Orthodontic correction of a base narrow mandibular canine tooth in a cat

A 6-month-old cat was diagnosed with a lingually displaced mandibular canine tooth causing palatal trauma. This case report describes the correction and outcome for orthodontic movement of the left mandibular canine tooth.     

Surgical extraction of a fractured, non-vital deciduous tooth in a tiger

A 10-month-old, female/intact tiger (Panthra tigris) was presented for a fractured deciduous mandibular right canine tooth, mandibular swelling, and a cutaneous draining tract ventral to the apex of the fractured tooth. The tooth had chronic pulpal exposure and was considered non-vital with periapical osteomyelitis. This case report describes treatment to optimize normal development and eruption of the permanent mandibular right canine tooth.     

Identification of microfilaria in a mammary mass aspirate from a female dog

A filarial nematode larva (microfilaria) was found in an aspirate of a mammary mass from a dog imported to Saskatchewan from Myanmar. This was an unusual location for a microfilaria and numerous filarial nematodes infecting dogs in Asia had to be considered. This report describes the laboratory diagnosis of canine heartworm disease in this dog.     

Adamantinoma in a cat

SUMMARY An 18-months-old neutered male cat was presented for veterinary examination because of a rapidly enlarging mass in the region of the right upper canine tooth. Radiological examination showed displacement of this tooth and destruction of the right maxilla. Post mortem and histopathologic examination confirmed that the mass was a tumour, an adamantinoma.     

The removal of an impacted maxillary canine and associated dentigerous cyst in a Chow: a case report

A case is described involving the surgical removal of an impacted maxillary canine tooth in a Chow and enucleation of an associated dentigerous cyst.     

Antitubular basement membrane autoantibody in a dog with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

Linear deposition of immunoglobulin G was seen by direct immunofluorescence along the tubular basement membranes in the kidney of a dog with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Autoantibody eluted from the affected kidney bound to the tubular basement membrane of normal canine kidney, but not to several other normal canine basement membranes. The pathogenic significance of the autoantibody in this dog was not determined.     

Interdental acrylic stabilisation of canine tooth root and mandibular fractures in a dog.

A two-year-old labrador had bilateral open fractures of the apical region of the mandibular canine tooth roots and the adjacent mandible. The fractures were reduced and held in place with an interdental acrylic splint, after which the tooth roots and mandible healed directly.